cfpdБюллетень физиологии и патологии дыханияBulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration1998-5029Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания10.36604/1998-5029-2022-83-107-118cfpd-1010Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSCOVID-19-ассоциированная дислипидемия: роль липидов и жирных кислот в патогенезе SARS‐CoV‐2 инфекцииCOVID-19-associated dyslipidemia: the role of lipid and fatty acids in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infectionСинякинИ. А.SinyakinI. А.

Иван Алексеевич Синякин, лаборант-исследователь, студент

лаборатория механизмов этиопатогенеза и восстановительных процессов дыхательной системы при неспецифических заболеваниях легких

медицинский факультет

675000

ул. Калинина, 22

Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания»

675000

ул. Горького, 95

Благовещенск

Ivan A. Sinyakin, Research Assistant, Student

Laboratory of Mechanisms of Etiopathogenesis and Recovery Processes of the Respiratory System at Non-Specific Lung Diseases

Medical Faculty

675000

22 Kalinina Str.

95 Gor'kogo Str.

Blagoveshchensk

sinyakin.ivan2016@yandex.ruАндриевскаяИ. А.АndrievskayaI. А.

Ирина Анатольевна Андриевская, д-р биол. наук, профессор, зав. лабораторией

лаборатория механизмов этиопатогенеза и восстановительных процессов дыхательной системы при неспецифических заболеванияхлегких

675000

ул. Калинина, 22

Благовещенск

Irina A. Andrievskaya, PhD, DSc (Biol.), Professor, Head of Laboratory

Laboratory of Mechanisms of Etiopathogenesis and Recovery Processes of the Respiratory System at Non-Specific Lung Diseases

675000

22 Kalinina Str.

Blagoveshchensk

irina-andrievskaja@rambler.ruИшутинаН. А.IshutinaN. А.

Наталия Александровна Ишутина, д-р биол. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник

лаборатория механизмов этиопатогенеза и восстановительных процессов дыхательной системы при неспецифических заболеваниях легких

675000

ул. Калинина, 22

Благовещенск

Nataliа A. Ishutina, PhD, DSc (Biol.), Leading Staff Scientist

Laboratory of Mechanisms of Etiopathogenesis and Recovery Processes of the Respiratory System at Non-Specific Lung Diseases

675000

22 Kalinina Str.

Blagoveshchensk

ishutina-na@mail.ruСмирноваН. А.SmirnovaN. А.

Наталья Александровна Смирнова, аспирант

Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Амурская государственная медицинская академия»

675000

ул. Горького, 95

Благовещенск

Natalia A. Smirnova, Postgraduate Student

675000

95 Gor'kogo Str.

Blagoveshchensk

dr.smirnova@bk.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания»; Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Амурская государственная медицинская академия» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияFar Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration; Amur State Medical AcademyRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания»; РАНРоссияFar Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration; RASRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания»РоссияFar Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of RespirationRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Амурская государственная медицинская академия» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияAmur State Medical AcademyRussian Federation202224042022083107118Copyright © Синякин И.А., Андриевская И.А., Ишутина Н.А., Смирнова Н.А., 20222022Синякин И.А., Андриевская И.А., Ишутина Н.А., Смирнова Н.А.Sinyakin I.А., Аndrievskaya I.А., Ishutina N.А., Smirnova N.А.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1010   Введение

   Введение. Пандемия COVID‐19 представляет глобальную проблему мирового здравоохранения. При COVID‐19 системное воспаление сопровождается «цитокиновым штормом», гиперкоагуляцией и генерализованным васкулитом, а новые данные свидетельствуют о том, что нарушения транспорта липидов могут способствовать отягощению течения заболевания.

   Цель

   Цель. Обсуждение роли липидов, жирных кислот и различных каскадных молекулярных путей в патогенезе COVID-19-ассоциированной дислипидемии.

   Результаты

   Результаты. При проведении систематического анализа научной литературы в базе данных PubMed нами было сделано следующее заключение: липопротеины, окисленные формы фосфолипидов и жирные кислоты могут привести к повреждению органов за счет гиперактивации скавенджер-рецепторов («рецепторов-мусорщиков») врожденного иммунного ответа. Таким образом, восстановление функции липопротеинов с помощью веществ, повышающих уровень аполипопротеина А-I, или блокирование соответствующих рецепторов‐мусорщиков нейтрализующими антителами может быть эффективным при лечении COVID-19. Продемонстрирована ключевая роль омега-3 жирных кислот, переносимых липопротеинами, в выработке специализированных прореактивных медиаторов и показано, что активация лейкотриенового пути связана с тяжестью COVID-19.

   Заключение

   Заключение. Все большее количество научных исследований указывают на то, что липиды и жирные кислоты оказывают как положительное, так и отрицательное воздействие при инфекции SARS‐CoV‐2. Дополнительные исследования или доклинические модели, оценивающие профиль эйкозаноидов у пациентов с COVID-19, позволят по-новому взглянуть на взаимодействие коронавируса с «хозяином» и регуляцию воспалительного ответа.

   Introduction

   Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic is a global public health problem. In COVID-19, systemic inflammation is accompanied by a “cytokine storm”, hypercoagulability, and generalized vasculitis, and new evidence suggests that lipid transportation disorders may exacerbate the course of the disease.

   Aim

   Aim. Discussion of the role of lipids, fatty acids, and various cascade molecular pathways in the pathogenesis of COVID-19-associated dyslipidemia.

   Results

   Results. When conducting a systematic analysis of the scientific literature in the PubMed database, we concluded the following: lipoproteins, oxidized forms of phospholipids and fatty acids can lead to organ damage due to hyperactivation of scavenger of the innate immune response. Thus, restoring lipoprotein function with agents that increase apolipoprotein A-I levels or blocking the relevant scavenger receptors with neutralizing antibodies may be effective in the treatment of COVID-19. The key role of lipoprotein-transported omega-3 fatty acids in the production of specialized proreactive mediators has been demonstrated, and activation of the leukotriene pathway has been shown to be associated with the severity of COVID-19.

   Conclusion

   Conclusion. A growing number of scientific studies indicates that lipid and fatty acids have both positive and negative effects in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additional studies or preclinical models evaluating the eicosanoid profile in patients with COVID-19 will provide new insights into the interaction of the coronavirus with “the host” and the regulation of the inflammatory response.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.