cfpdБюллетень физиологии и патологии дыханияBulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration1998-5029Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания10.36604/1998-5029-2022-83-119-131cfpd-1011Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSНекоторые особенности передачи инфекции COVID-19 в детской популяции (обзор литературы)Some features of the transmission of covid-19 infection in the child population (review)ЛазареваМ. А.LazarevaM. A.

Мария Александровна Лазарева, канд. мед. наук, научный сотрудник

Хабаровский филиал – Научно-исследовательский институт охраны материнства и детства

группа клинической иммунологии и эндокринологии

680022

ул. Воронежская 49, корп. 1

Хабаровск

Maria A. Lazareva, MD, PhD (Med.), Staff Scientist

Khabarovsk Branch – Research Institute of Maternity and Childhood Protection

Group of Clinical Immunology and Endocrinology

680022

49/1 Voronezhskaya Str.

Khabarovsk

m.lo85@mail.ruЕвсееваГ. П.EvseevaG. P.

Галина Петровна Евсеева, д-р мед. наук, зам. директора по научнойработе, главный научный сотрудник

группа медико-экологических проблем здоровья матери и ребенка

Хабаровский филиал – Научно-исследовательский институт охраны материнства и детства

680022

ул. Воронежская 49, корп. 1

Хабаровск

Galina P. Evseeva, MD, PhD, DSc (Med.), Deputy Director on Scientific Work

Khabarovsk Branch – Research Institute of Maternity and Childhood Protection

680022

49/1 Voronezhskaya Str.

Khabarovsk

evceewa@yandex.ruСупрунС. В.SuprunS. V.

Стефания Викторовна Супрун, д-р мед. наук, главный научный сотрудник

Хабаровский филиал – Научно-исследовательский институт охраны материнства и детства

группа медико-экологических проблем здоровья матери и ребенка

680022

ул. Воронежская 49, корп. 1

Хабаровск

Stefania V. Suprun, MD, PhD, DSc (Med.), Main Staff Scientist

Khabarovsk Branch – Research Institute of Maternity and Childhood Protection

Group of Health and Environmental Problems of Mother and Child Health

680022

49/1 Voronezhskaya Str.

Khabarovsk

iomid@yandex.ruЛебедькоО. А.Lebed’koO. A.

Ольга Антоновна Лебедько, д-р мед. наук, директор

Хабаровский филиал – Научно-исследовательский институт охраны материнства и детства

680022

ул. Воронежская 49, корп. 1

Хабаровск

Olga A. Lebed’ko, MD, PhD, DSc (Med.), Director 

Khabarovsk Branch – Research Institute of Maternity and Childhood Protection

680022

49/1 Voronezhskaya Str.

Khabarovsk

iomid@yandex.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания»РоссияFar Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of RespirationRussian Federation202224042022083119131Copyright © Лазарева М.А., Евсеева Г.П., Супрун С.В., Лебедько О.А., 20222022Лазарева М.А., Евсеева Г.П., Супрун С.В., Лебедько О.А.Lazareva M.A., Evseeva G.P., Suprun S.V., Lebed’ko O.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1011   Введение

   Введение. Во время первой волны пандемии COVID-19 имелась ограниченная и недостаточно качественная информация о роли детей в передаче SARS-CoV-2. К началу августа 2020 года были опубликованы некоторые данные подтвержденных случаев передачи вируса от детей, при этом не было четких доказательств того, что частота передачи вируса от детей выше, чем у взрослых. С начала пандемии дети составили 18,4 % от общего числа зарегистрированных заболевших, а на начало января 2022 года – 25,5 % от общего числа случаев COVID-19. Большинство новых случаев заболевания приходятся на омикрон-штамм. Даже при прогнозируемом в целом менее тяжелом заболевании в результате заражения детей омикроном врачи опасаются, что в ближайшие недели в больницы может быть госпитализировано больше детей, учитывая постоянно увеличивающееся число случаев инфицирования вирусом. Данные о риске заражения SARS-CoV-2 среди детей по сравнению с взрослыми необходимы для информирования о рисках COVID-19 и стратегий профилактики, включая политику вакцинации детей против COVID-19.

   Цель

   Цель. Отобразить данные литературы, содержащей обзор исследований о путях передачи коронавирусной инфекции у детей, проанализировать особенности вертикального пути передачи.

   Материалы и методы

   Материалы и методы. Осуществлен анализ публикаций, содержащих данные исследований случаев и особенностей передачи заболевания COVID-19 у детей, в том числе от матери к плоду.

   Результаты

   Результаты. В настоящее время в зарубежных источниках отмечается несколько вариантов путей передачи SARS-CoV-2 у детей. Инфицирование SARS-CoV-2 во время беременности может влиять на ее исход, течение родов и рождение потенциально инфицированного ребенка.    Заключение. Данные о риске заражения и возможных путях передачи SARS-CoV-2 у детей, включая вертикальный путь передачи, необходимы для улучшения способов профилактики, в том числе иммунопрофилактики беременных женщин и детей.

   Introduction

   Introduction. During the first wave of the pandemic COVID-19, there was limited and poor quality information on the contribution of children to the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. By early August 2020, several confirmed cases of transmission from children had been published, with no clear evidence that the frequency of transmission from children is higher than that of adults. Since the beginning of the pandemic, children have accounted for 18.4 % of the total number of registered cases, and at the beginning of January 2022, 25.5 % of the total number of COVID-19 cases. Most of the new cases of the disease are Omicron strains. Even with the predicted generally less severe illness resulting from Omicron infection in children, doctors fear that more children may be hospitalized in the coming weeks, given the ever-increasing number of cases of infection with the virus. Data on the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among children compared with adults is needed to inform COVID-19 risks and prevention strategies, including COVID-19 childhood vaccination policy.

   Aim

   Aim. To display literature data containing a review of studies on the transmission of coronavirus infection in children; to analyze the features of the vertical transmission route.

   Materials and methods

   Materials and methods. An analysis was made of publications containing data from studies of cases and features of the transmission of COVID-19 disease in children, including from mother to child.

   Results

   Results. Currently, foreign sources note several options for the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in children. SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy may affect pregnancy outcome, delivery, and the birth of a potentially infected baby.

   Conclusion

   Conclusion. Data on the risk of infection and possible routes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in children, including vertical transmission, are needed to improve prevention methods, including immunization of pregnant women and children.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.