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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cfpd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Бюллетень физиологии и патологии дыхания</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-5029</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36604/1998-5029-2022-84-137-143</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cfpd-1030</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Методы диагностики дисфункции мелких дыхательных путей и равномерности вентиляции лёгких: их применение после перенесенной новой коронавирусной инфекции</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Methods for diagnosing dysfunction of small airways and uniformity of lung ventilation: their use after a novel coronavirus infection</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7486-4990</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савушкина</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savushkina</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Игоревна Савушкина, канд. биол. наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории функциональных и ультразвуковых методов исследования; зав. отделением исследований функции внешнего дыхания Центра функционально-диагностических исследований</p><p>115682, г. Москва, Ореховый бульвар, 28</p><p>105229, г. Москва, пл. Госпитальная, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olʹga I. Savushkina, PhD (Biol.), Senior Staff Scientist of the Laboratory of Functional and Ultrasonic Research Methods; Head of the Department of Lung Function Testing, Center of Functional Diagnostic Investigations</p><p>28 Orekhovuy Boulevard, Moscow, 115682, Russian Federation</p><p>3 Gospitalʹnaya Sq., Moscow, 105094, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olga-savushkina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2001-5504</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черняк</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cherniak</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Владимирович Черняк, канд. мед. наук, зав. лабораторией функциональных и ультразвуковых методов исследования</p><p>115682, г. Москва, Ореховый бульвар, 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. Cherniak, MD, PhD (Med.), Head of the Laboratory of Functional and Ultrasonic Research Methods</p><p>28 Orekhovuy Boulevard, Moscow, 115682, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">achi2000@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт пульмонологии» Федерального медико-биологического агентства России; Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Главный военный клинический госпиталь имени академика Н.Н.Бурденко» Министерства обороны Российской Федерации</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pulmonology Scientific Research Institute of Federal Medical and Biological Agency; Acad. N.N.Burdenko Main Military Clinical Hospital of Russian Federation Ministry of Defence</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт пульмонологии» Федерального медико-биологического агентства России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pulmonology Scientific Research Institute of Federal Medical and Biological Agency</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>84</issue><fpage>137</fpage><lpage>143</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Савушкина О.И., Черняк А.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Савушкина О.И., Черняк А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Savushkina O.I., Cherniak A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1030">https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1030</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящей лекции рассмотрены методы и подходы к диагностике дисфункции мелких дыхательных путей, такие как метод вымывания азота при множественном дыхании, импульсная осциллометрия, а также расчет индекса неэффективности легочной вентиляции (индекс PCF – poorly communicating fraction) как отношение общей емкости легких к альвеолярному объему. Выявление патологии мелких дыхательных путей с помощью перечисленных выше диагностических инструментов позволяет устанавливать функциональные нарушения системы дыхания на ранних стадиях бронхолегочных заболеваний, когда результаты традиционных легочных функциональных тестов сохраняются в пределах нормальных значений. Так, хорошо стандартизованным и наиболее доступным методом выявления патологии периферических отделов дыхательных путей является бодиплетизмография, с помощью которой диагностируется наличие «воздушных ловушек». Однако на ранних стадиях бронхолегочной патологии возможности данного метода ограничены. В лекции сделан акцент, прежде всего на результаты наших собственных исследований, выполненных пациентам, перенесшим новую коронавирусную инфекцию, осложненную вирусным поражением легких. Всем пациентам, включенным в этот анализ, были проведены спирометрия, бодиплетизмография, диффузионный тест, импульсная осциллометрия, вымывание азота при множественном дыхании, а также был рассчитан индекс неэффективности легочной вентиляции. Описание индекса PCF, метод его расчета, диапазон нормальных значений, а также возможности применения в клинической практике в отечественной литературе приводятся впервые. Изложенные в лекции подходы к оценке дисфункции мелких дыхательных путей в настоящее время широко не используются, однако мы надеемся, что знания, которые пока применяются в научных лабораториях, будут постепенно внедряться в рутинную клиническую практику.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In this lecture, we discussed methods and approaches to the diagnosis of small airways dysfunction, such as multiple breath nitrogen washout test, impulse oscillometry, as well as the calculation of poorly communicating fraction (PCF) as the ratio of total lung capacity to alveolar volume. The detection of the small airways dysfunction with the help of the diagnostic tools listed above makes it possible to establish functional disorders of the respiratory system in the early stages of bronchopulmonary diseases, when the results of traditional pulmonary functional tests remain within normal values. Thus, a well-standardized and the most accessible method for detecting the peripheral airways dysfunction is body plethysmography, which is used to diagnose the presence of “air trappings”. However, in the early stages of bronchopulmonary diseases, the possibilities of this method are limited. The lecture focuses primarily on the results of our own researches which were performed on patients who have suffered from a novel coronavirus infection complicated by viral pneumonia. Spirometry, body plethysmography, diffusion test, impulse oscillometry, multiple breath nitrogen washout test were conducted, and PCF index was calculated in all patients included in this analysis. The description of the PCF index, the method of its calculation, the range of normal values, as well as the possibilities of application in clinical practice are given for the first time in the Russian literature. The approaches to assessing the dysfunction of the small airways described in the lecture are not widely used at present, however, we hope that the knowledge that is currently being applied in scientific laboratories will gradually be introduced into routine clinical practice.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дисфункция мелких дыхательных путей</kwd><kwd>индекс PCF</kwd><kwd>новая коронавирусная инфекция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>small airways dysfunction</kwd><kwd>PCF index</kwd><kwd>novel coronavirus infection</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weibel E.R. Principles and methods for the morphometric study of the lung and other organs // Lab. Invest. 1963. Vol.12. P.131–155.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weibel E.R. Principles and methods for the morphometric study of the lung and other organs. Lab. 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