<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cfpd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Бюллетень физиологии и патологии дыхания</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-5029</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36604/1998-5029-2023-89-8-17</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cfpd-1109</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Популяция фагоцитов в регулируемом интерлейкином-17А и интерфероном-гамма воспалительном паттерне бронхов больных астмой при реакции дыхательных путей на холодовой стимул</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Phagocyte population in the inflammatory pattern of the bronchi of asthma patients regulated by interleukin-17A and interferon-gamma during the airway response to a cold stimulus</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пирогов</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pirogov</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Борисович Пирогов, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, старший научный сотрудник, лаборатория профилактики неспецифических заболеваний легких</p><p>675000, г. Благовещенск, ул. Калинина, 22</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey B. Pirogov, MD, PhD (Med.), Associate Professor, Senior Staff Scientist, Laboratory of Prophylaxis of Non-Specific Lung Diseases</p><p>22 Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dncfpd@dncfpd.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Приходько</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prikhodko</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Григорьевна Приходько, доктор медицинских наук, главный научный сотрудник, лаборатория функциональных методов исследования дыхательной системы</p><p>675000, г. Благовещенск, ул. Калинина, 22</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Аnnа G. Prikhodko, MD, PhD, DSc (Med.), Main Staff Scientist, Laboratory of Functional Research of Respiratory System</p><p>22 Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">prihanya@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Наумов</surname><given-names>Д. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Naumov</surname><given-names>D. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Денис Евгеньевич Наумов, кандидат медицинских наук, зав. лабораторией, лаборатория молекулярных и трансляционных исследований</p><p>675000, г. Благовещенск, ул. Калинина, 22</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis E. Naumov, PhD (Med.), Head of Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Research</p><p>22 Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">denn1985@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перельман</surname><given-names>Ю. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Perelman</surname><given-names>J. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлий Михайлович Перельман, член-корреспондент РАН, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заместитель директора по научной работе, зав. лабораторией функциональных методов исследования дыхательной системы</p><p>675000, г. Благовещенск, ул. Калинина, 22</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Juliy M. Perelman, MD, PhD, DSc (Med.), Corresponding member of RAS, Рrofessor, Deputy Director on Scientific Work, Head of Laboratory of Functional Research of Respiratory System</p><p>22 Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jperelman@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>89</issue><fpage>8</fpage><lpage>17</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пирогов А.Б., Приходько А.Г., Наумов Д.Е., Перельман Ю.М., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пирогов А.Б., Приходько А.Г., Наумов Д.Е., Перельман Ю.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pirogov A.B., Prikhodko A.G., Naumov D.E., Perelman J.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1109">https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1109</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Исходя из общности эффекторных функций полиморфно-ядерных нейтрофилов и макрофагов как фагоцитирующих клеток, интерес представляет их роль в формировании острой реакции дыхательных путей на холодовой стимул у больных бронхиальной астмой (БА).</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Исследование содержания фагоцитов, IL-17A и IFN-γ в воспалительном паттерне бронхов больных БА в зависимости от реакции дыхательных путей на холодовой стимул.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Обследовано 129 больных БА. Дизайн исследования включал опрос пациентов с помощью валидизированного вопросника Asthma Control Test (АСТ, Quality Metric Inc., 2002), сбор индуцируемой и спонтанно продуцируемой мокроты, конденсата выдыхаемого воздуха (КВВ), проведение бронхопровокационной пробы с 3-минутной изокапнической гипервентиляцией холодным (-20ºС) воздухом (ИГХВ) с оценкой реакции дыхательных путей по данным спирометрии форсированного выдоха (ΔОФВ1).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В 1 группу (n=55) вошли лица с ΔОФВ1 -10% и ниже, во 2 группу (n=74) – с ΔОФВ1 выше -10%: -15 (-21; -11) и -3,7 (-6,1; -0,38)%, соответственно (р=0,0002). По уровню АСТ (17 [13; 21,5] и 19 [14; 22] баллов) и показателям вентиляционной функции легких (ОФВ1 [93,0±2,4 и 97,1±2,4%] и СОС25-75 [63,5±3,5 и 72,0±3,7%]) больные не имели значимых межгрупповых различий. Паттерн бронхиального воспаления в 1 группе был смешанным (нейтрофилов ≥40%), во 2 группе – эозинофильным. В ответ на пробу ИГХВ в мокроте больных 1 группы значимо увеличивалось количество нейтрофилов, снижалось число макрофагов и количество структурно целостных эпителиальных клеток, пропорционально этому в КВВ увеличивался уровень IFN-γ и IFN-γ-индуцируемого протеина IP-10 (CXCL10) по отношению к больным 2 группы. Была найдена прямая связь между исходными концентрациями в КВВ IP-10 и IFN-γ (Rs=0,7; p&lt;0,01).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Реакция дыхательных путей больных БА на холодовой стимул сопровождается функциональной активацией фагоцитирующих клеток с эскалацией нейтрофильного воспаления и уменьшением числа инфильтрирующих бронхи макрофагов, ассоциированных с повышением концентрации IFN-γ, стимулирующего процессы респираторного взрыва и запускающего деструкцию и цитолиз клеток.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Based on the common effector functions of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and macrophages as phagocytic cells, their role in the formation of an acute reaction of the respiratory tract to a cold stimulus in patients with asthma is of concern.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. The study of the concentration of phagocytes, IL-17A and IFN-γ in the inflammatory pattern of the bronchi of asthma patients depending on the airway reaction to a cold stimulus.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. 129 patients with asthma were examined. The design of the study included questioning patients using a validated questionnaire Asthma Control Test (ACT, Quality Metric Inc., 2002), collection of induced and spontaneously produced sputum, exhaled breath condensate (EBC), bronchoprovocation test with a 3-minute isocapnic hyperventilation with cold (-20ºС) air (IHCA) with an assessment of the airway response (ΔFEV1) by spirometry.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Group 1 (n=55) included individuals with ΔFEV1 -10% and below, group 2 (n=74) – with ΔFEV1 above -10%: -15 (-21; -11) and -3.7 (-6.1; -0.38)%, respectively (p=0.0002). According to the level of ACT (17 [13; 21.5] and 19 [14; 22] points) and indicators of lung function (FEV1 [93.0±2.4 and 97.1±2.4%] and FEF25-75 [63.5±3.5 and 72.0±3.7%]), the patients had no significant intergroup differences. The pattern of bronchial inflammation in group 1 was mixed (neutrophils ≥40%), in group 2 – eosinophilic. In response to the IHCA test, the number of neutrophils significantly increased in the sputum of patients in group 1, the number of macrophages and the number of structurally intact epithelial cells decreased, in proportion to this, the level of IFN-γ and IFN-γ-inducible protein IP-10 (CXCL10) increased in the EBC in relation to patients of the 2nd group. A direct relationship was found between baseline concentrations of IP-10 and IFN-γ (Rs=0.7; p&lt;0.01) in EBC.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The airway response to a cold stimulus of patients with asthma is accompanied by functional activation of phagocytic cells with an escalation of neutrophilic inflammation and a decrease in the number of macrophages infiltrating the bronchi associated with an increase in the concentration of IFN-γ, which stimulates the processes of respiratory burst and triggers cell destruction and cytolysis.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бронхиальная астма</kwd><kwd>холодовая гиперреактивность дыхательных путей</kwd><kwd>смешанный паттерн воспаления</kwd><kwd>фагоциты бронхов</kwd><kwd>провоспалительные цитокины IL-17A и IFN-γ</kwd><kwd>Тh1/Тh17 иммунный ответ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bronchial asthma</kwd><kwd>cold airway hyperresponsiveness</kwd><kwd>mixed pattern of inflammation</kwd><kwd>bronchial phagocytes</kwd><kwd>pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-17A and IFN-γ</kwd><kwd>Th1/Th17 immune response</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пирогов А.Б., Колосов В.П., Перельман Ю.М., Приходько А.Г., Зиновьев С.В., Гассан Д.А., Мальцева Т.А. Особенности воспалительных паттернов бронхов и клинико-функциональная характеристика тяжелой неконтролируемой астмы у больных с холодовой гиперреактивностью дыхательных путей // Пульмонология. 2016. Т.26, №6. С.701–707. EDN: XXMMEP. https://doi.org/10.18093.086901892016266701707</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pirogov A.B., Kolosov V.P., Perel'man Y.M., Prikhodko A.G., Zinov'ev S.V., Gassan D.A., Mal'tseva T.A. [Airway inflammation patterns and clinical and functional features in patients with severe uncontrolled asthma and cold-induced airway hyperresponsiveness]. Pul'monologiya 2016; 26(6):701–707 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.18093/086901892016266701707</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hastie A.T., Moore W.C., Meyers D.A., Vestal P.L., Li H., Peters S.P., Bleecker E.R. Аnalyses of asthma severity phenotypes and inflammatory proteins in subjects stratified by sputum granulocytes // J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2010. Vol.125, Iss.5. Р.1028–1036. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2010.02.008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hastie A.T., Moore W.C., Meyers D.A., Vestal P.L., Li H., Peters S.P., Bleecker E.R. Analyses of asthma severity phenotypes and inflammatory proteins in subjects stratified by sputum granulocytes. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2010; 125(5):1028–1036. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2010.02.008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wisam A.R., Pre´fontaine D., Chouiali F., Martin J.G., Olivenstein R., Lemie`re C., Hamid Q. TH17-associated cytokines (IL-17A and IL-17F) in severe asthma // J. Аllergy Сlin. Immunol. 2009. Vol.123, Iss.5. Р.1185–1187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2009.02.024</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wisam A.R., Pre´fontaine D., Chouiali F., Martin J.G., Olivenstein R., Lemie`re C., Hamid Q. TH17-associated cytokines (IL-17A and IL-17F) in severe asthma. J. Аllergy Сlin. Immunol. 2009; 123(5):1185–1187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2009.02.024</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kostareva O.S., Gabdulkhakov A.G., Kolyadenko I.A., Garber M.B., Tishchenko S.V. Interleukin-17: Functional and structural features, application as a therapeutic target // Biochemistry (Moscow). 2019. Vol.84, Suppl.1. P.193–205. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297919140116</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kostareva O.S., Gabdulkhakov A.G., Kolyadenko I.A., Garber M.B., Tishchenko S.V. Interleukin-17: Functional and structural features, application as a therapeutic target. Biochemistry (Moscow) 2019; 84(Suppl.1):193–205. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297919140116</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krishnamoorthy N., Douda D.N., Brüggemann T. R., Ricklefs I., Duvall M.G., Abdulnour R.E., Martinod K., Tavares L., Wang X., Cernadas M., Israel E., Mauger D.Т., Bleecker E.R., Castro M., Erzurum S. C., Gaston B.M., Jarjour N.N., Wenzel S., Dunican E., Fahy J.V., Irimia D., Wagner D.D., Levy B.D. Neutrophil cytoplasts induce TH17 differentiation and skew inflammation toward neutrophilia in severe asthma // Sci. Immunol. 2018. Vol.3, Iss.26. Article number: eaao4747. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.aao4747</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krishnamoorthy N., Douda D.N., Brüggemann T. R., Ricklefs I., Duvall M.G., Abdulnour R.E., Martinod K., Tavares L., Wang X., Cernadas M., Israel E., Mauger D.Т., Bleecker E.R., Castro M., Erzurum S. C., Gaston B.M., Jarjour N.N., Wenzel S., Dunican E., Fahy J.V., Irimia D., Wagner D.D., Levy B.D. Neutrophil cytoplasts induce TH17 differentiation and skew inflammation toward neutrophilia in severe asthma. Sci. Immunol. 2018; 3(26):eaao4747. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.aao4747</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Duvall M.G., Krishnamoorthy N., Levy B.D. Non-type 2 inflammation in severe asthma is propelled by neutrophil cytoplasts and maintained by defective resolution // Allergol. Int. 2019. Vol.68, Iss.2. P.143−149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alit.2018.11.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Duvall M.G., Krishnamoorthy N., Levy B.D. Non-type 2 inflammation in severe asthma is propelled by neutrophil cytoplasts and maintained by defective resolution. Allergol. Int. 2019; 68(2):143–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alit.2018.11.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lindén А., Dahlén В. Interleukin-17 cytokine signalling in patients with asthma // Eur. Respir. J. 2014. Vol.44, Iss.5. Р.1319–1331. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00002314</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lindén А., Dahlén В. Interleukin-17 cytokine signalling in patients with asthma. Eur. Respir. J. 2014; 44(5):1319– 1331. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00002314</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Еsteban-Gorgojo I., Antolín-Amérigo D., Domínguez-Ortega J., Quirce S. Non-eosinophilic asthma: current perspectives // J. Asthma Allergy. 2018. Vol.11. Р.267–281. https://doi.org/10.2147/JAA.S153097</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Еsteban-Gorgojo I., Antolín-Amérigo D., Domínguez-Ortega J., Quirce S. Non-eosinophilic asthma: current perspectives. J. Asthma Allergy 2018; 11:267–281. https://doi.org/10.2147/JAA.S153097</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Никольский А.А., Шиловский И.П., Юмашев К.В., Вишнякова Л.И., Барвинская Е.Д., Ковчина В.И., Корнеев А.В., Туренко В.Н., Каганова М.М., Брылина В.Е., Никонова А.А., Козлов И.Б., Кофиади И.А., Сергеев И.В., Маерле А.В., Петухова О.А., Кудлай Д.А., Хаитов М.Р. Влияние локального подавления экспрессии гена Stat3 на нейтрофильное воспаление легких в экспериментальной модели на мышах // Иммунология. 2021. Т.42, №6. С.600–614. EDN: FGNUGE. https://doi.org/10.33029/0206-4952-2021-42-6-600-614</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikolskii A.A., Shilovskiy I.P., Yumashev K.V., Vishniakova L.I., Barvinskaia E.D., Kovchina V.I., Korneev A.V., Turenko V.N., Kaganova M.M., Brylina V.E., Nikonova A.A., Kozlov I.B., Kofi adi I.A., Sergeev I.V., Maerle A.V., Petukhova O.A., Kudlay D.A., Khaitov M.R. [Effect of local suppression of Stat3 gene expression in a mouse model of pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation]. Immunologiya 2021; 42 (6):600–614 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.33029/0206-4952-2021-42-6-600-614</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schroder K., Hertzog P.J., Ravasi T., Hume D.A. Interferon-gamma: an overview of signals, mechanisms and functions // J. Leukoc. Biol. 2004. Vol.75, Iss.2. P.163–189. https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0603252</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schroder K., Hertzog P.J., Ravasi T., Hume D.A. Interferon-gamma: an overview of signals, mechanisms and functions. J. Leukoc. Biol. 2004; 75(2):163–189. https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0603252</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Луцкий А.А., Жирков А.А, Лобзин Д.Ю., Рао М., Алексеева Л.А., Мейрер М., Лобзин Ю.В. Интерферон-γ: биологическая функция и значение для диагностики клеточного иммунного ответа // Журнал инфектологии. 2015. Т.7, №4. С.10–22. EDN: VTODCZ.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lutckii A.A., Zhirkov A.A., Lobzin D.Yu., Rao M., Alekseeva L.A., Maeurer M., Lobzin Yu.V. [Interferon-γ: biological function and application for study of cellular immune response]. Journal Infectology 2015; 7(4):10–22 (in Russian). https://www.elibrary.ru/vtodcz</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сарбаева Н.Н., Пономарева Ю.В., Милякова М.Н. Макрофаги. Разнообразие фенотипов и функций, взаимодействие с чужеродными материалами // Гены и Клетки. 2016. Т.11, №1. С.9–17. EDN: WCLIZL.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sarbaeva N.N., Ponomareva J.V., Milyakova M.N. [Macrophages: diversity of phenotypes and functions, interaction with foreign materials]. Genes &amp; Cells 2016; 11(1):9–17 (in Russian). https://www.elibrary.ru/wclizl</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jiang Z., Zhu L. Update on the role of alternatively activated macrophages in asthma // J. Asthma Allergy. 2016. Vol.9. Р.101‒107. https://doi.org/10.2147/JAA.S104508</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jiang Z., Zhu L. Update on the role of alternatively activated macrophages in asthma. J. Asthma Allergy 2016; 9:101‒107. https://doi.org/10.2147/JAA.S104508</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Никонова А.А., Хаитов М.Р., Хаитов Р.М. Характеристика и роль различных популяций макрофагов в патогенезе острых и хронических заболеваний легких // Медицинская иммунология. 2017. Т.19, №6. С.657–672. EDN: ZTSXDL. https://doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-2017-6-657-672</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikonova A.A., Khaitov M.R., Khaitov R.M. [Characteristics and role of macrophages in pathogenesis of acute and chronic lung diseases]. Medical Immunology (Russia) 2017; 19(6):657–672 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-2017-6-657-672</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arora S., Dev K., Agarwal B., Das P., Ali Syed M. Macrophages: their role, activation and polarization in pulmonary diseases // Immunobiology. 2018. Vol.223, Iss.4-5. Р.383–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imbio.2017.11.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arora S., Dev K., Agarwal B., Das P., Ali Syed M. Macrophages: their role, activation and polarization in pulmonary diseases. Immunobiology 2018; 223(4-5):383–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imbio.2017.11.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Малышев И.Ю., Лямина С.В., Шимшелашвили Ш.Л., Вассерман Е.Н. Функциональные ответы альвеолярных макрофагов, сурфактантный белок D и заболевания легких // Пульмонология. 2011. Т.21, №3. С.101–107. EDN: NYFOCV. https://doi.org/10.18093/0869-0189-2011-0-3-101-107</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malyshev I.Yu., Lyamina S.V., Shimshelashvili S.L., Vasserman E.N. [Functions of alveolar macrophages and surfactant protein D in lung disease]. Pulmonologiya 2011; (3):101‒107 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.18093/0869-0189-2011-0-3-101-107</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лямина С.В., Шимшелашвили Ш.Л., Калиш С.В., Малышева Е.В., Ларионов Н.П., Малышев И.Ю. Изменение фенотипа и фенотипической пластичности альвеолярных макрофагов при заболеваниях легких, имеющих воспалительный компонент // Пульмонология. 2012. Т.22, №6. С.83–89. EDN: PYRHKB. https://doi.org/10.18093/0869-0189-2012-0-6-83-89</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lyamina S.V., Shimshelashvili S.L., Kalish S.V., Malysheva Е.V., Larionov N.P., Malyshev I.Yu. [Changes in phenotype and phenotypic flexibility of alveolar macrophages in inflammatory pulmonary diseases]. Pulmonologiya 2012; (6):83‒89 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.18093/0869-0189-2012-0-6-83-89</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sheppard F.R., Kelher M.R., Moore E.E., McLaughlin N.J.D., Banerjee A., Silliman C.C. Structural organization of the neutrophil NADPH oxidase: phosphorylation and translocation during priming and activation // J. Leukoc. Biol. 2005. Vol.78, Iss.5. Р.1025–1042. https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0804442</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sheppard F.R., Kelher M.R., Moore E.E., McLaughlin N.J.D., Banerjee A., Silliman C.C. Structural or-ganization of the neutrophil NADPH oxidase: phosphorylation and translocation during priming and activation. J. Leukoc. Biol. 2005; 78(5):1025–1042. https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0804442</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Савченко А.А., Кудрявцев И.В., Борисов А.Г. Методы оценки и роль респираторного взрыва в патогенезе инфекционно-воспалительных заболеваний // Инфекция и иммунитет. 2017. Т.7, №4. С.327–340. EDN: YNSRGI. https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-2017-4-327-340</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savchenko A.A., Kudryavtsev I.V., Borisov A.G. [Methods of estimation and the role of respiratory burst in the pathogenesis of infectious and inflammatory diseases]. Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity 2017; 7(4):327–340 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-2017-4-327-340</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Global strategy for asthma management and prevention (2023 update). URL: www.ginasthma.org</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Global strategy for asthma management and prevention (2023 update). Available at: www.ginasthma.org</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Приходько А.Г., Перельман Ю.М., Колосов В.П. Гиперреактивность дыхательных путей. Владивосток: Дальнаука, 2011. 204 с. ISBN: 978-5-8044-1220-4. EDN: POBRZA.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prikhodko A.G., Perelman J.M., Kolosov V.P. [Airway hyperresponsiveness]. Vladivostok: Dal'nauka; 2011 (in Russian). ISBN: 978-5-8044-1220-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Djukanovic R., Sterk P.J., Fahy J.V., Hargreave F.E. Standardised methodology of sputum induction and processing // Eur. Respir. J. 2002. Vol.20, Iss.37. Р.1–2. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.02.00000102</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Djukanovic R., Sterk P.J., Fahy J.V., Hargreave F.E. Standardised methodology of sputum induction and processing. Eur. Respir. J. 2002; 20(37):1s–2s. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.02.00000102</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Перельман Ю.М., Наумов Д.Е., Приходько А.Г., Колосов В.П. Механизмы и проявления осмотической гиперреактивности дыхательных путей. Владивосток: Дальнаука, 2016. 240 с. ISBN: 978-5-8044-1627-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perelman J.M., Naumov D.E., Prikhodko A.G., Kolosov V.P. [Mechanisms and manifestations of osmotic airway hyperresponsiveness]. Vladivostok: Dal'nauka; 2016 (in Russian). ISBN: 978-5-8044-1627-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Usui T., Preiss J.C., Kanno Y., Yao Z.J., Bream J.H., O'Shea J.J., Strober W. T-bet regulates Th1 responses through essential effects on GATA-3 function rather than on IFNG gene acetylation and transcription // J. Exp. Med. 2006. Vol.203, Iss.3. Р.755–766. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20052165</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Usui T., Preiss J.C., Kanno Y., Yao Z.J., Bream J.H., O'Shea J.J., Strober W. T-bet regulates Th1 responses through essential effects on GATA-3 function rather than on IFNG gene acetylation and transcription. J. Exp. Med. 2006; 203(3):755–766. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20052165</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Панасенко О.М., Сергиенко В.И. Галогенирующий стресс и его биомаркеры // Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук. 2010. №1. С.27–39. EDN: MBCLFX.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Panasenko O.M., Sergienko V.I. [Halogenizing stress and its biomarkers]. Vestn. Ross. Akad. Med. Nauk. 2010; (1):27‒39 (in Russian). PMID: 20408436.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Панасенко О.М., Горудко И.В., Соколов А.В. Хлорноватистая кислота как предшественник свободных радикалов в живых системах // Успехи биологической химии. 2013. №53. С.195–244. EDN: VAQSIL.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Panasenko O.M., Gorudko I.V., Sokolov A.V. Hypochlorous acid as a precursor of free radicals in living systems. Biochemistry (Moscow) 2013; 78:1466–1489. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297913130075</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fujisawa T., Mann-Jong Chang M., Velichko S., Thai P., Hung Li-Y., Huang F., Phuong N., Chen Y., Wu R. NFκB mediates IL-1β– and IL-17A–induced MUC5B expression in airway epithelial cells // Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 2011. Vol.45, Iss.2. Р.246–252. https://doi.org/10.1165/rcmb.2009-0313OC</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fujisawa T., Mann-Jong Chang M., Velichko S., Thai P., Hung Li-Y., Huang F., Phuong N., Chen Y., Wu R. NFκB mediates IL-1β– and IL-17A–induced MUC5B expression in airway epithelial cells. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 2011; 45(2):246–252. https://doi.org/10.1165/rcmb.2009-0313OC</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chang Y., Al-Alwan L., Risse P.-A., Halayko A. J., Martin J.G., Baglole C. J., Eidelman D.H., Hamid Q. Th17-associated cytokines promote human airway smooth muscle cell proliferation // FASEB J. 2012. Vol.26, Iss.12. Р.5152– 5160. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.12-208033</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chang Y., Al-Alwan L., Risse P.-A., Halayko A. J., Martin J.G., Baglole C. J., Eidelman D.H., Hamid Q. Th17-associated cytokines promote human airway smooth muscle cell proliferation. FASEB J. 2012; 26(12): 5152–5160. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.12-208033</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schwandner R., Yamaguchi K., Caoa Z. Requirement of tumor necrosis factor receptor–associated factor (Traf)6 in interleukin 17 signal transduction // J. Exp. Med. 2000. Vol.191, Iss.7. Р.1233–1240. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.191.7.1233</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schwandner R., Yamaguchi K., Caoa Z. Requirement of tumor necrosis factor receptor–associated factor (Traf)6 in interleukin 17 signal transduction. J. Exp. Med. 2000; 191(7):1233–1240. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.191.7.1233</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
