cfpdБюллетень физиологии и патологии дыханияBulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration1998-5029Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания10.36604/1998-5029-2023-89-146-158cfpd-1126Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSРоль липидных рафтов в иммунной системе и инфицировании клеток SARS-CoV-2The role of lipid rafts in the immune system and SARS-CoV-2 cell invasionhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6235-8732УстиновЕ. М.UstinovE. M.

Егор Михайлович Устинов, лаборант-исследователь, лаборатория механизмов этиопатогенеза и восстановительных процессов дыхательной системы при неспецифических заболеваниях легких

675000, г. Благовещенск, ул. Калинина, 22

Egor M. Ustinov, Research Laboratory Assistant, Laboratory of Mechanisms of Etiopathogenesis and Recovery Processes of the Respiratory System at Non-Specific Lung Diseases

22 Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000

eustinov.asma@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0212-0201АндриевскаяИ. А.AndrievskayaI. A.

Ирина Анатольевна Андриевская, доктор биологических наук, профессор РАН, заведующая лабораторией механизмов этиопатогенеза и восстановительных процессов дыхательной системы при неспецифических заболеваниях легких

675000, г. Благовещенск, ул. Калинина, 22

Irina A. Andrievskaya, PhD, DSc (Biol.), Professor of RAS, Head of Laboratory of Mechanisms of Etiopathogenesis and Recovery Processes of the Respiratory System at Non-Specific Lung Diseases

22 Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000

irina-andrievskaja@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8329-3237ЛязгиянК. С.LyazgiyanK. S.

Карен Саргисович Лязгиян, аспирант, лаборатория механизмов этиопатогенеза и восстановительных процессов дыхательной системы при неспецифических заболеваниях легких

675000, г. Благовещенск, ул. Калинина, 22

Karen S. Lyazgiyan, PhD student, Laboratory of Mechanisms of Etiopathogenesis and Recovery Processes of the Respiratory System at Non-Specific Lung Diseases

22 Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000

lyazgiyankaren@mail.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания»РоссияFar Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of RespirationRussian Federation202301102023089146158Copyright © Устинов Е.М., Андриевская И.А., Лязгиян К.С., 20232023Устинов Е.М., Андриевская И.А., Лязгиян К.С.Ustinov E.M., Andrievskaya I.A., Lyazgiyan K.S.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1126Введение

Введение. Гликосфинголипиды – соединения, состоящие из гидрофильных сахарных структур и гидрофобных церамидов. Эти молекулы образуют липидные рафты или микродомены в мембране клеток совместно с холестерином, сфингомиелином, гликозилфосфатидилинозитолом и молекулами, что определяет их свойства.

Цель

Цель. Систематизация данных о структуре липидных рафтов, их участии в функционировании иммунокомпетентных клеток и развитии иммунного ответа, механизмах вирусной инвазии SARS-CoV-2.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. С этих позиций проанализированы литературные источники за 1981-2023 годы. Поиск литературы проводился в информационных системах PubМed и Google Scholar.

Результаты

Результаты. Имеются отдельные работы, в которых отражена роль липидных рафтов как посредников сигнальной трансдукции при развитии врожденного и адаптивного иммунного ответа. В других работах описывается их значение во взаимодействии патоген-хозяин и избегания иммунного контроля. В последнее время появились исследования по влиянию липидных микродоменов клеточной мембраны на вирусную инвазию, в том числе вызванную SARS-CoV-2.

Заключение

Заключение. Настоящий обзор вносит существенный вклад в понимание роли липидных рафтов в функционировании иммунной системы и вирусной инвазии, что определяет перспективы дальнейших исследований и возможности их использования как терапевтических мишеней в создании иммуномодулирующих лекарственных препаратов.

Introduction

Introduction. Glycosphingolipids are compounds composed of hydrophilic sugar structures and hydrophobic ceramides. These molecules form lipid rafts or microdomains in the cell membrane together with cholesterol, sphingomyelin, glycosylphosphatidylinositol and molecules, which determines their properties.

Aim

Aim. To systematize data on the structure of lipid rafts, their involvement in the functioning of immunocompetent cells and the development of the immune response, and the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 viral invasion.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. From these positions, literary sources for 1981-2023 are analyzed. Literature search was carried out in information systems: PubMed and Google Scholar.

Results

Results. There are separate works that reflect the role of lipid rafts as mediators of signal transduction in the development of innate and adaptive immune responses. Other studies describe their importance in pathogen-host interaction and avoidance of immune control. Recently, studies have appeared on the effect of lipid microdomains of the cell membrane on viral invasion, including that caused by SARS-CoV-2.

Conclusion

Conclusion. This review makes a significant contribution to understanding the role of lipid rafts in the functioning of the immune system and viral invasion, which determines the prospects for further research and the possibility of their use as therapeutic targets in the development of immunomodulatory drugs.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.