<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cfpd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Бюллетень физиологии и патологии дыхания</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-5029</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36604/1998-5029-2024-91-50-58</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cfpd-1143</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Интерлейкин 8 и фагоциты бронхов у больных неаллергической астмой с различной реакцией дыхательных путей на холодовой стимул</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Interleukin 8 and bronchial phagocytes in patients with non-allergic asthma and diverse respiratory responses to cold stimulus</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пирогов</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pirogov</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Борисович Пирогов, канд. мед. наук, доцент, старший научный сотрудник, лаборатория профилактики неспецифических заболеваний легких,  </p><p>675000 г. Благовещенск, ул. Калинина 22</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey B. Pirogov, MD, PhD (Med.), Associate Professor, Senior Staff Scientist, Laboratory of Prophylaxis of Non-Specific Lung Diseases, </p><p>22 Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dncfpd@dncfpd.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Приходько</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prikhodko</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Григорьевна Приходько, д-р мед. наук, главный научный сотрудник, лаборатория функциональных методов исследования дыхательной системы, </p><p>675000 г. Благовещенск, ул. Калинина 22</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Аnnа G. Prikhodko, MD, PhD, DSc (Med.), Main Staff Scientist, Laboratory of Functional Research of Respiratory System,</p><p>22 Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">prih-anya@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перельман</surname><given-names>Ю. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Perelman</surname><given-names>J. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлий Михайлович Перельман, член-корреспондент РАН, д-р мед. наук, профессор, зам. директора по научной работе, зав. лабораторией функциональных методов исследования дыхательной системы,</p><p>675000 г. Благовещенск, ул. Калинина 22</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Juliy M. Perelman, MD, PhD, DSc (Med.), Corresponding Member of RAS, Professor, Deputy Director on Scientific Work, , Head of Laboratory of Functional Research of Respiratory System,</p><p>22 Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jperelman@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>91</issue><fpage>50</fpage><lpage>58</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пирогов А.Б., Приходько А.Г., Перельман Ю.М., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пирогов А.Б., Приходько А.Г., Перельман Ю.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pirogov A.B., Prikhodko A.G., Perelman J.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1143">https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1143</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Малоизвестна роль фагоцитов, находящихся под регулирующим влиянием интерлейкина 8 (IL-8), в формировании реакции бронхов на стимулы окружающей среды у больных бронхиальной астмой (БА).</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучить функциональную активность IL-8 и пула фагоцитарных клеток в воспалительном паттерне бронхов у больных неаллергической БА при ингаляционном воздействии холодного воздуха.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. У 129 больных легкой и среднетяжелой БА анализировали содержание IL-8 и клеточный состав мокроты до и после проведения бронхопровокационной пробы с изокапнической гипервентиляцией холодным (-20°С) воздухом (ИГХВ).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. По результатам инструментальной пробы ИГХВ с оценкой изменений ОФВ1 (Δ,%) у 54 больных (1 группа) верифицирована холодовая гиперреактивность дыхательных путей (ХГДП), группа сравнения представлена пациентами БА (2 группа, n=75), не реагировавшими на триггер (ΔОФВ1 = -18,9±1,2 и -3,3±0,4%; р&lt;0,0001, соответственно). Содержание нейтрофилов в мокроте составляло в группах перед провокацией 41,1±2,2 и 34,5±2,2% (р&lt;0,05), макрофагов – 36,2±2,7 и 43,1±2,5% (р&gt;0,05), соответственно. В ответ на пробу ИГХВ в 1 группе количество нейтрофилов увеличивалось до 48,2±2,0% (р&lt;0,05), макрофагов снижалось до 28,7±2,1% (р&lt;0,01), уровень IL-8 возрастал с 12838±2328 до 17412±2980 пг/мл (р&lt;0,05). Во 2 группе концентрация IL-8 составила до пробы ИГХВ 14639±2691 пг/мл, после пробы 10545±1746 пг/мл (р&gt;0,05); число нейтрофилов после пробы 40,0±2,3% (р&gt;0,05); макрофагов – 35,8±2,0% (р&lt;0,01).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. У больных БА с ХГДП в ответ на действие холодового триггера в воспалительном паттерне бронхов происходит усиление активности IL-8 и более выраженные изменения в содержании фагоцитов, мобилизованных при участии данного цитокина.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The role of phagocytes, regulated by interleukin 8 (IL-8), in the formation of the bronchial response to environmental stimuli in patients with asthma is not well understood.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To study the functional activity of IL-8 and the pool of phagocytic cells in the inflammatory pattern of the bronchi in patients with non-allergic asthma during inhalation exposure to cold air.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. In 129 patients with mild to moderate asthma, the content of IL-8 and the cellular composition of sputum before and after the bronchoprovocation test with isocapnic hyperventilation with cold air (-20°C) (IHCA) were analyzed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Based on the results of the IHCA by the assessment of changes in FEV1 (Δ,%), 54 patients (1st group) were verified with cold airway hyperresponsiveness (CAHR), the comparison group consisted of asthma patients (2nd group, n=75) who did not respond to the trigger (ΔFEV1 = -18.9±1.2 and -3.3±0.4%; p&lt;0.0001, respectively). The content of neutrophils in sputum before provocation was 41.1±2.2% and 34.5±2.2% (p&gt;&lt;0.05), macrophages – 36.2±2.7% and 43.1±2.5% (p&gt; ˂ 0.0001, respectively). The content of neutrophils in sputum before provocation was 41.1±2.2% and 34.5±2.2% (p ˂ 0.05), macrophages – 36.2±2.7% and 43.1±2.5% (p&gt;0.05), respectively. In response to the IHCA in the 1st group, the number of neutrophils increased to 48.2±2.0% (p ˂ 0.05), macrophages decreased to 28.7±2.1% (p ˂ 0.01), and the level of IL-8 increased from 12838±2328 to 17412±2980 pg/mL (p ˂ 0.05). In the 2nd group, the concentration of IL-8 before the IHCA was 14639±2691 pg/mL, after the test 10545±1746 pg/mL (p&gt;0.05); the number of neutrophils after the test 40.0±2.3% (p&gt;0.05); macrophages – 35.8±2.0% (p ˂ 0.01).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. In asthma patients with CAHR, the inflammatory pattern of the bronchi in response to the cold trigger shows enhanced IL-8 activity and more pronounced changes in the content of phagocytes, mobilized with the involvement of this cytokine.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>неаллергическая бронхиальная астма</kwd><kwd>интерлейкин 8</kwd><kwd>фагоцитарные клетки бронхов</kwd><kwd>смешанный паттерн бронхиального воспаления</kwd><kwd>Тh1 иммунный ответ</kwd><kwd>холодовая гиперреактивность дыхательных путей</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>non-allergic bronchial asthma</kwd><kwd>interleukin 8</kwd><kwd>bronchial phagocytic cells</kwd><kwd>mixed pattern of bronchial inflammation</kwd><kwd>Th1 immune response</kwd><kwd>cold airway hyperresponsiveness</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stemmler S., Arinir U., Klein W., Rohde G., Hoffjan S., Wirkus N., Reinitz-Rademacher K., Bufe A., Schultze-Werninghaus G., Epplen J.T. Association of interleukin-8 receptor α polymorphisms with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma // Genes Immun. 2005. Vol.6, Iss.3. Р.225–230. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.gene.6364181</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stemmler S., Arinir U., Klein W., Rohde G, Hoffjan S., Wirkus N., Reinitz-Rademacher K., Bufe A., Schultze-Werninghaus G., Epplen J.T. Association of interleukin-8 receptor α polymorphisms with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Genes Immun. 2005; 6(3): 225–230. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.gene.6364181</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Меняйло М.Е., Малащенко В.В., Шмаров В.А., Газатова Н.Д., Мелащенко О.Б., Гончаров А.Г., Селедцова Г.В., Селедцов В.И. Интерлейкин-8 способен поддерживать провоспалительную активность моноцитов (макрофагов) человека // Гены и Клетки. 2018. Т.13, №1. С.65–69. EDN: YNQDXN. https://doi.org/10.23868/201805007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Menyaуlo M.E., Malashchenko V.V., Shmarov V.A., Gazatova N.D., Melashchenko O.B., Goncharov A.G., Seledtsova G.V., Seledtsov V.I. [Interleukin-8 is able to support the pro-inflammatory activity of human monocytes (macrophages)]. Geny i kletki = Genes &amp; Cells 2018; 13(1): 65–69 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.23868/201805007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Puthothu B., Krueger M., Heinze J., Forster J., Heinzmann A. Impact of IL8 and IL8-receptor alpha polymorphisms on the genetics of bronchial asthma and severe RSV infections // Clin. Mol. Allergy. 2006. Vol.4. Article number: 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-7961-4-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Puthothu B., Krueger M., Heinze J., Forster J., Heinzmann A. Impact of IL8 and IL8-receptor alpha polymorphisms on the genetics of bronchial asthma and severe RSV infections. Clin. Mol. Allergy 2006; 4: 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-7961-4-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Habib N., Pasha M.A., Tang D.D. Current understanding of asthma pathogenesis and biomarkers // Cells. 2022. Vol.11, Iss.17. Article number: 2764. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11172764</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Habib N., Pasha M.A., Tang D.D. Current understanding of asthma pathogenesis and biomarkers. Cells 2022; 11(17): 2764. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11172764</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yamasaki A., Okazaki R., Harada T. Neutrophils and asthma // Diagnostics (Basel). 2022. Vol.12, Iss.5. Article number: 1175. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12051175</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yamasaki A., Okazaki R., Harada T. Neutrophils and asthma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12(5): 1175. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12051175</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Васильева Г.И., Иванова И.А., Тюкавкина С.Ю. Кооперативное взаимодействие моно- и полинуклеарных фагоцитов, опосредованное моно- и нейтрофилокинами // Иммунология. 2000. №5. С.11–17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasilyeva G.I., Ivanova I.A., Tyukavkina S.Yu. [Cooperative interaction of mono- and polynuclear phagocytes, mediated by mono- and neutrophilokines]. Immunology 2000; (5): 11–17 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Williams H., Mack C., Baraz R., Marimuthu R., Naralashetty S., Li S., Medbury H. Monocyte differentiation and heterogeneity: Intersubset and interindividual differences // Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023. Vol.24, Iss.10. Article number: 8757. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24108757</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Williams H., Mack C., Baraz R., Marimuthu R., Naralashetty S., Li S., Medbury H. Monocyte differentiation and heterogeneity: Intersubset and interindividual differences. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023; 24(10): 8757. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24108757</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лямина С.В., Шимшелашвили Ш.Л., Калиш С.В., 3, Малышева Е.В., Ларионов Н.П., Малышев И.Ю. Изменение фенотипа и фенотипической пластичности альвеолярных макрофагов при заболеваниях легких, имеющих воспалительный компонент // Пульмонология. 2012. №6. С.83–89. EDN: PYRHKB. https://doi.org/10.18093/0869-0189-2012-0-6-83-89</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lyamina S.V., Shimshelashvili S.L., Kalish S.V., Malysheva Е.V., Larionov N.P., Malyshev I.Yu. [Changes in phenotype and phenotypic flexibility of alveolar macrophages in inflammatory pulmonary diseases]. Pulmonologiya = Russian Pulmonology 2012; 6: 83–89 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.18093/0869-0189-2012-0-6-83-89</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сарбаева Н.Н., Пономарева Ю.В., Милякова М.Н. Макрофаги. Разнообразие фенотипов и функций, взаимодействие с чужеродными материалами // Гены и Клетки. 2016. Т.11, №1. С.9–17. EDN: WCLIZL.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sarbaeva N.N., Ponomareva Yu.V., Milyakova M.N. [Macrophages. Diversity of phenotypes and functions, interaction with foreign materials]. Geny i kletki = Genes &amp; Cells 2016; 11(1): 9–17 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jiang Z., Zhu L. Update on the role of alternatively activated macrophages in asthma // J. Asthma Allergy. 2016. Vol.9. Р.101–107. https://doi.org/10.2147/JAA.S104508</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jiang Z., Zhu L. Update on the role of alternatively activated macrophages in asthma. J. Asthma Allergy 2016; 9: 101–107. https://doi.org/10.2147/JAA.S104508</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Никонова А.А., Хаитов М.Р., Хаитов Р.М. Характеристика и роль различных популяций макрофагов в патогенезе острых и хронических заболеваний легких // Медицинская иммунология. 2017. Т.19, №6. С.657–672. EDN: ZTSXDL. https://doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-2017-6-657-672</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikonova A.A., Khaitov M.R., Khaitov R.M. [Characteristics and role of macrophages in pathogenesis of acute and chronic lung diseases]. Meditsinskaya Immunologiya = Medical Immunology (Russia) 2017; 19(6): 657–672 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-2017-6-657-672</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arora S., Deva K., Agarwalb B., Dasc P., Ali Syed M. Macrophages: Their role, activation and polarization in pulmonary diseases // Immunobiology. 2018. Vol.223, Iss.4-5. Р.383–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imbio.2017.11.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arora S., Deva K., Agarwalb B., Dasc P., Ali Syed M. Macrophages: their role, activation and polarization in pulmonary diseases. Immunobiology 2018; 223(4-5): 383–396. https://doi.org/10.1016 /j.imbio.2017.11.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федоров А.А., Ермак Н.А., Геращенко Т.С., Топольницкий Е.Б., Шефер Н.А., Родионов Е.О., Стахеева М.Н. Поляризация макрофагов: механизмы, маркеры и факторы индукции // Сибирский онкологический журнал // 2022. Т.21, №4. С.124–136. EDN: LYBKUG. https://doi.org/10.21294/1814-4861-2022-21-4-124-136</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedorov A.A., Ermak N.A., Gerashchenko T.S., Topolnitsky E.B., Shefer N.A., Rodionov E.O., Stakheeva M.N. [Macrophage polarization: mechanisms, markers and induction factors] Sibirskiy onkologicheskiy zhurnal = Siberian Journal of Oncology 2022; 21(4): 124–136 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.21294/1814-4861-2022-21-4-124-136</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Global strategy for asthma management and prevention (2023 update). URL: https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/GINA-2023-Full-report-23_07_06-WMS.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Global strategy for asthma management and prevention (2023 update). Available at: https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/GINA-2023-Full-report-23_07_06-WMS.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Djukanovic R., Sterk P.J., Fahy J.V., Hargreave F.E. Standardised methodology of sputum induction and processing // Eur. Respir. J. 2002. Iss.37. Р.1s–2s. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.02.00000102</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Djukanovic R., Sterk P.J., Fahy J.V., Hargreave F.E. Standardised methodology of sputum induction and processing. Eur. Respir. J. Suppl. 2002; 37: 1s–2s. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.02.00000102</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Приходько А.Г., Перельман Ю.М., Колосов В.П. Гиперреактивность дыхательных путей. Владивосток: Дальнаука; 2011. 204 с. EDN: POBRZA. ISBN: 978-5-8044-1220-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prikhodko A.G., Perelman J.M., Kolosov V.P. [Airway hyperresponsiveness]. Vladivostok: Dal’nauka; 2011 (in Russian). ISBN: 978-5-8044-1220-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hastie A.T., Moore W.C., Meyers D.A., Vestal P.L., Li H., Peters S.P., Bleecker E.R. Аnalyses of asthma severity phenotypes and inflammatory proteins in subjects stratified by sputum granulocytes // J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2010. Vol.125, Iss.5. Р.1028–1036. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2010.02.008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hastie A.T., Moore W.C., Meyers D.A., Vestal P.L., Li H., Peters S.P., Bleecker E.R. Аnalyses of asthma severity phenotypes and inflammatory proteins in subjects stratified by sputum granulocytes. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2010; 125(5): 1028–1036. https://doi.org/10.1016 /j.jaci.2010.02.008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Терехов Д.В. Тяжелая неаллергическая бронхиальная астма: характеристика фенотипа и особенности лечения // Астма и аллергия. 2019. №3. С.3–7. EDN: DJDDHE.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Terekhov D.V. [Severe non-allergic bronchial asthma: characteristics of the phenotype and treatment features]. Astma i allergiya 2019; 3: 3–7 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Трушина Е.Ю., Костина Е.М., Баранова Н.И., Типикин В.А. Роль цитокинов как молекулярных маркеров воспаления при неаллергической бронхиальной астме // Современные проблемы науки и образования. 2018. №4. C.179. URL: https://science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=27799.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trushina E.Yu., Kostina E.M., Baranova N.I., Tipikin V.A. [The role of cytokines as molecular markers of inflammation in non-allergic bronchial asthma]. Sovremennyye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya 2018; 4: 179 (in Russian). Available at: https://science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=27799</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schroder K., Hertzog P.J., Ravasi T., Hume D.A. Interferon-gamma: an overview of signals, mechanisms and functions // J. Leukoc. Biol. 2004. Vol.75, Iss.2. P.163–189. https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0603252</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schroder K., Hertzog P.J., Ravasi T., Hume D.A. Interferon-gamma: an overview of signals, mechanisms and functions. J. Leukoc. Biol. 2004; 75(2): 163–189. https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0603252</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gougerot-Pocidalo M.A., Benna J., Elbim C., Chollet-Martin S., Dang M.C. Regulation of human neutrophil oxidative burst by pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines // J. Soc. Biol. 2002. Vol.196, Iss.1. Р.37–46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gougerot-Pocidalo M.A., Benna J., Elbim C., Chollet-Martin S., Dang M.C. Regulation of human neutrophil oxidative burst by pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Journal. Soc. Biol. 2002; 196(1): 37–46.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sheppard F.R., Kelher M.R., Moore E.E., McLaughlin N.J.D., Banerjee A., Silliman C.C. Structural organization of the neutrophil NADPH oxidase: phosphorylation and translocation during priming and activation // J. Leukoc. Biol. 2005. Vol.78, №5. Р.1025–1042. https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0804442</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sheppard F.R., Kelher M.R., Moore E.E., McLaughlin N.J.D., Banerjee A., Silliman C.C. Structural organization of the neutrophil NADPH oxidase: phosphorylation and translocation during priming and activation. J. Leukoc. Biol. 2005; 78(5): 1025–1042. https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0804442</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Колпакова А.Ф., Шарипов Р.Н., Латышева Е.Н., Колпаков Ф.А. Транскрипционный фактор NF-kB играет ключевую роль в регуляции генов, участвующих в воспалительных и иммунных реакциях // Сибирское медицинское обозрение. 2009. №3(57). С.7–12. EDN: KOHDYL</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolpakova A.F., Sharipov R.N., Latysheva E.N., Kolpakov F.A. [The transcription factor NF-kB plays a key role in the regulation of genes involved in inflammatory and immune reactions] Sibirskoye meditsinskoye obozreniye = Siberian Medical Review 2009; 3(57): 7–12 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singh P., Hasan S., Sharma S., Nagra S., Yamaguchi D.T., Wong D.T.W., Hahn B.H., Hossain A. Th17 cells in inflammation and autoimmunity // Autoimmun. Rev. 2014. Vol.13, Iss.12. P.1174–1181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2014.08.019</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singh P., Hasan S., Sharma S., Nagra S., Yamaguchi D.T., Wong D.T.W., Hahn B.H., Hossain A. Th17 cells in inflammation and autoimmunity. Autoimmun. Rev. 2014; 13(12): 1174–1181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2014.08.019</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Acosta-Rodriguez E.V., Napolitani G., A. Lanzavecchia A., Sallusto F. Interleukins 1beta and 6 but not transforming growth factor-beta are essential for the differentiation of interleukin 17-producing human T helper cells // Nat. Immunol. 2007. Vol.8, Iss.9. Р.942–949. https://doi.org/10.1038/ni1496</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Acosta-Rodriguez E.V., Napolitani G., A. Lanzavecchia A., Sallusto F. Interleukins 1beta and 6 but not transforming growth factor-beta are essential for the differentiation of interleukin 17-producing human T helper cells. Nat. Immunol. 2007; 8(9): 942–949. https://doi.org/10.1038/ni1496</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Al-Ramli W., Pre´fontaine D., Chouiali F., Martin J. G., Olivenstein R., Lemie`re C., Hamid Q. T(H)17-associated cytokines (IL-17A and IL-17F) in severe asthma // J. Аllergy Сlin. Immunol. 2009. Vol.123, Iss.5. Р.1185–1187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2009.02.024</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Al-Ramli W., Pre´fontaine D., Chouiali F., Martin J.G., Olivenstein R., Lemie`re C., Hamid Q. T(H)17-associated cytokines (IL-17A and IL-17F) in severe asthma. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2009; 123(5): 1185–1187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2009.02.024</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lindén А., Dahlén В. Interleukin-17 cytokine signalling in patients with asthma // Eur. Respir. J. 2014. Vol.44, Iss.5. Р.1339–1331. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00002314</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lindén А., Dahlén В. Interleukin-17 cytokine signalling in patients with asthma. Eur. Respir. J. 2014; 44(5): 1339– 1331. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00002314</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Duvall M.G., Krishnamoorthy N., Levy B.D. Non-type 2 inflammation in severe asthma is propelled by neutrophil cytoplasts and maintained by defective resolution // Allergol. Int. 2019. Vol.68, Iss.2. Р.143–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alit.2018.11.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Duvall M.G., Krishnamoorthy N., Levy B.D. Non-type 2 inflammation in severe asthma is propelled by neutrophil cytoplasts and maintained by defective resolution. Allergol. Int. 2019; 68(2): 143–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alit.2018.11.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Еsteban-Gorgojo I., Antolín-Amérigo D., Domínguez-Ortega J., Quirce S. Non-eosinophilic asthma: current perspectives // J. Asthma Allergy. 2018. Vol. 11. Р.267–281. https://doi.org/10.2147/JAA.S153097</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Еsteban-Gorgojo I., Antolín-Amérigo D., Domínguez-Ortega J., Quirce S. Non-eosinophilic asthma: current perspectives. J. Asthma Allergy 2018; 11: 267–281. https://doi.org/10.2147/JAA.S153097</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
