<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cfpd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Бюллетень физиологии и патологии дыхания</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-5029</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36604/1998-5029-2024-93-91-99</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cfpd-1190</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Характер экспрессии макрофагами СD68 и гистопатология плаценты при COVID-19, связь с акушерскими и неонатальными осложнениями</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Expression of CD68 by macrophages and histopathology of the placenta in COVID-19: association with obstetric and neonatal complications</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андриевская</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andrievskaya</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Анатольевна Андриевская, д-р биол. наук, профессор РАН, зав. лабораторией механизмов этиопатогенеза и восстановительных процессов дыхательной системы при неспецифических заболеваниях легких</p><p>675000, г. Благовещенск, ул. Калинина 22</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina A. Andrievskaya, PhD, D.Sc. (Biol.), Professor RAS, Head of Laboratory of Mechanisms of Etiopathogenesis and Recovery Processes of the Respiratory System at Non-Specific Lung Diseases</p><p>22, Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irina-andrievskaja@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лязгиян</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyazgyan</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Карен Саргисович Лязгиян, младший научный сотрудник, лаборатория механизмов этиопатогенеза и восстановительных процессов дыхательной системы при неспецифических заболеваниях легких</p><p>675000, г. Благовещенск, ул. Калинина 22</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Karen S. Lyazgiyan, Junior Staff Scientist, Laboratory of Mechanisms of Etiopathogenesis and Recovery Processes of the Respiratory System at Non-Specific Lung Diseases</p><p>22, Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lyazgiyankaren@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Far Eastern Research Center for Physiology and Pathology of Respiration<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>93</issue><fpage>91</fpage><lpage>99</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Андриевская И.А., Лязгиян К.С., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Андриевская И.А., Лязгиян К.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Andrievskaya I.A., Lyazgyan K.S.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1190">https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1190</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. CОVID-19 вызывает прямое и опосредованное через воспалительные моноциты/макрофаги повреждение плаценты, что увеличивает риск развития осложнений беременности.Цель. Провести анализ экспрессии CD68 макрофагами и структурных изменений в плаценте, оценить риски акушерских и неонатальных осложнений при среднетяжелом течении CОVID-19 в третьем триместре беременности.Материалы и методы. Проведено гистологическое исследование 33 плацент от женщин со среднетяжелым течением COVID-19 в третьем триместре беременности и 30 плацент от женщин, не инфицированных SARS-CoV-2. Анализ тканевых срезов плаценты выполняли с помощью системы автоматической микроскопии для гистологических исследований. Экспрессию CD68 на макрофагах плаценты исследовали методом проточной цитофлюорометрии. Выявление РНК SARS-CoV-2 в образцах тканей плаценты, а также в мазках носоглотки новорожденных проводили методом обратной транскрипции полимеразной цепной реакции в режиме реального времени.Результаты. В плаценте от женщин с перенесенным CОVID-19 выявлено увеличение количества CD68-позитивных макрофагов (80,8 (78,2; 83,5)%; р&lt;0,0001) относительно образцов тканей от не инфицированных SARS-CoV-2 (19,6 (17,2; 21,8)%). Все образцы плаценты и мазки носоглотки новорожденных от матерей с CОVID-19 были отрицательными на SARSCoV-2, что свидетельствовало о низком риске вертикальной инфекции. При гистологическом исследовании отмечались признаки инфекционного поражения материнской и плодовой частей плаценты, которые проявлялись в виде фокального децидуита, виллита и гистиоцитарного интервиллузита. Циркуляторные нарушения характеризовались развитием децидуальной васкулопатии и ускоренного созревания ворсин, наличием периворсинкового фибрина, тромбов и некроза ворсин, увеличением количества синцитиальных узелков. Была установлена связь структурных нарушений плаценты с развитием хронической плацентарной недостаточности (относительный риск (ОР)=2,33), преждевременных родов и преждевременного разрыва плодных оболочек (ОР=4,26), с задержкой роста плода. Состояние новорождённых от матерей с CОVID-19 осложнялось развитием церебральной ишемии головного мозга и синдрома дыхательных расстройств.Заключение. Среднетяжелое течение COVID-19 в третьем триместре беременности может вызывать структурные изменения в плаценте, которые являются как проявлением компенсаторно-приспособительных реакций, так и следствием воспалительного процесса, поддерживаемого, понашему мнению, макрофагами, экспрессирующими CD68. Неблагоприятным последствием таких нарушений является высокий риск акушерских и неонатальных осложнений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. COVID-19 causes direct and indirect placental damage through inflammatory monocytes/ macrophages, increasing the risk of infectious and inflammatory diseases in newborns.Aim. To analyze the expression of CD68 by macrophages and structural changes in the placenta, and to assess the risks of obstetric and neonatal complications in cases of moderate COVID-19 during the third trimester of pregnancy.Materials and methods. A histological examination was conducted on 33 placentas from women with moderate COVID-19 in the third trimester of pregnancy and 30 placentas from women not infected with SARS-CoV-2. Tissue sections were analyzed using an automated microscopy system for histological studies. CD68 expression on placental macrophages was studied using flow cytometry. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in placental tissue samples, as well as in nasopharyngeal swabs from newborns, was carried out by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results. An increase in the number of CD68-positive macrophages was observed in the placentas from women with COVID-19 (80.8 (78.2; 83.5) %; p&lt;0.0001) compared to samples from women not infected with SARS-CoV-2 (19.6 (17.2; 21.8) %). All placental samples and nasopharyngeal swabs from newborns of mothers with COVID-19 tested negative for SARS-CoV-2, indicating a low risk of vertical transmission. Histological analysis revealed signs of infectious involvement of both maternal and fetal placental parts, including focal deciduitis, villitis, and histiocytic intervillositis. Circulatory disorders were characterized by decidual vasculopathy, accelerated villous maturation, perivillous fibrin deposition, thrombosis, villous necrosis, and an increase in syncytial knots. A link was established between structural placental abnormalities and the development of chronic placental insufficiency (relative risk (RR)=2.33), preterm birth and premature rupture of membranes (RR=4.26), and fetal growth restriction. Newborns from mothers with COVID-19 exhibited complications such as cerebral ischemia and respiratory distress syndrome.Conclusion. Moderate COVID-19 in the third trimester of pregnancy can induce structural changes in the placenta, reflecting both compensatory-adaptive responses and inflammation driven by CD68-expressing macrophages. These alterations are associated with a high risk of obstetric and neonatal complications.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>плацента</kwd><kwd>макрофаги</kwd><kwd>CD68</kwd><kwd>акушерские и неонатальные осложнения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>placenta</kwd><kwd>macrophages</kwd><kwd>CD68</kwd><kwd>obstetric and neonatal complications</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда (соглашение № 23-25-00049 от 12.01.2023 г.).</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant № 23-25-00049 from 01/12/2023).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Engjom H., Aabakke A.J.M., Klungsøyr K., Svanvik T., Äyräs O., Jonasdottir E., Thurn L., Jones E., Pettersson K., Nyfløt L.T., Al-Zirqi I., Vangen S., Júlíusson P.B., Källén K., Gissler M., Krebs L. COVID-19 in pregnancy-characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women admitted to hospital because of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Nordic countries // Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. 2021. Vol.100, Iss.9. P.1611–1619. https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.14160</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Engjom H., Aabakke A.J.M., Klungsøyr K., Svanvik T., Äyräs O., Jonasdottir E., Thurn L., Jones E., Pettersson K., Nyfløt L.T., Al-Zirqi I., Vangen S., Júlíusson P. B., Källén K., Gissler M., Krebs L. COVID-19 in pregnancy-characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women admitted to hospital because of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Nordic countries. Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. 2021; 100(9):1611–1619. https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.14160</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vivanti A.J., Vauloup-Fellous C., Prevot S., Zupan V., Suffee C., Do Cao J., Benachi A., De Luca D. Transplacental transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection // Nat. Commun. 2020. Vol.11, Iss.1. Article number:3572. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17436-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vivanti A.J., Vauloup-Fellous C., Prevot S., Zupan V., Suffee C., Do Cao J., Benachi A., De Luca D. Transplacental transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat. Commun. 2020; 11(1):3572. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17436-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ko J.Y., DeSisto C.L., Simeone R.M., Ellington S., Galang R.R., Oduyebo T., Gilboa S.M., Lavery A.M., Gundlapalli A.V., Shapiro-Mendoza C.K. Adverse pregnancy outcomes, maternal complications, and severe illness among us delivery hospitalizations with and without a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis // Clin. Infect. Dis. 2021. Vol.73, Suppl.1. P.S24–S31. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab344</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ko J.Y., DeSisto C.L., Simeone R.M., Ellington S., Galang R.R., Oduyebo T., Gilboa S.M., Lavery A.M., Gundlapalli A.V., Shapiro-Mendoza C.K. Adverse pregnancy outcomes, maternal complications, and severe illness among us delivery hospitalizations with and without a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2021; 73(Suppl. 1):S24–S31. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab344</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alamar I., Abu-Arja M.H., Heyman T., Roberts D.J., Desai N., Narula P., Dygulska B. A Possible case of vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a newborn with positive placental in situ hybridization of SARS-CoV-2 RNA // J. Pediatric Infect. Dis. Soc. 2020. Vol.9, Iss.5. P.636–639. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaa109</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alamar I., Abu-Arja M.H., Heyman T., Roberts D.J., Desai N., Narula P., Dygulska B. A possible case of vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a newborn with positive placental in situ hybridization of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. J. Pediatric Infect. Dis. Soc. 2020; 9(5):636–639. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaa109</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мальгина Г.Б., Гришкина А.А., Дьякова М.М., Бычкова С.В., Чистякова Г.Н., Пепеляева Н.А., Мелкозерова О.А., Башмакова Н.В., Пестряева Л.А. Тромбоз сосудов плаценты как причина антенатальной гибели плода у беременных с новой коронавирусной инфекцией // Акушерство и гинекология. 2022. №5. С.162–170. EDN:VVSTLR. https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/aig.2022.5.162-170</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malgina G.B., Grishkina A.A., Dyakova M.M., Bychkova S.V., Chistyakova G.N., Pepelyaeva N.A., Melkozerova O.A., Bashmakova N.V., Pestryaeva L.A. Placental vessel thrombosis as a cause of antenatal fetal death in pregnant women with novel coronavirus infection. Akusherstvo i Ginekologiya = Obstetrics and Gynecology 2022; 5:162–170 (in Russian). https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/aig.2022.5.162-170</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu H., Wang L.L., Zhao S.J., Kwak-Kim J., Mor G., Liao A.H. Why are pregnant women susceptible to COVID-19? An immunological viewpoint // J. Reprod. Immunol. 2020. Vol.139. Article number:103122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jri.2020.103122</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu H., Wang L.L., Zhao S.J., Kwak-Kim J., Mor G., Liao A.H. Why are pregnant women susceptible to COVID- 19? An immunological viewpoint. J. Reprod Immunol. 2020; 139:103122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jri.2020.103122</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kotlyar A.M., Grechukhina O., Chen A., Popkhadze S., Grimshaw A., Tal O., Taylor H.S., Tal R. Vertical transmission of coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis // Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2021. Vol.224, Iss.1. P.35– 53.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2020.07.049</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kotlyar A.M., Grechukhina O., Chen A., Popkhadze S., Grimshaw A., Tal O., Taylor H.S., Tal R. Vertical transmission of coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2021; 224(1):35–53.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2020.07.049</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Becker J., Qiu D., Baron W., Wilting J. Immunofluorescence studies on the expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptors in human term placenta // Cells Tissues Organs. 2023. Vol.212, Iss.2. P.138–146. https://doi.org/10.1159/000521436</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Becker J., Qiu D., Baron W., Wilting J. Immunofluorescence studies on the expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptors in human term placenta. Cells Tissues Organs 2023; 212(2):138–146. https://doi.org/10.1159/000521436</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Malinowski A.K., Noureldin A., Othman M. COVID-19 susceptibility in pregnancy: Immune/inflammatory considerations, the role of placental ACE-2 and research considerations // Reprod. Biol. 2020. Vol.20, Iss.4. P.568–572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.repbio.2020.10.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malinowski A.K., Noureldin A., Othman M. COVID-19 susceptibility in pregnancy: Immune/inflammatory considerations, the role of placental ACE-2 and research considerations. Reprod. Biol. 2020; 20(4):568–572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.repbio.2020.10.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Menter T., Mertz K.D., Jiang S., Chen H., Monod C., Tzankov A., Waldvogel S., Schulzke S.M., Hösli I., Bruder E. Placental pathology findings during and after SARS-CoV-2 infection: features of villitis and malperfusion // Pathobiology. 2021. Vol.88, Iss.1. P.69–77. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511324</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Menter T., Mertz K.D., Jiang S., Chen H., Monod C., Tzankov A., Waldvogel S., Schulzke S.M., Hösli I., Bruder E. Placental pathology findings during and after SARS-CoV-2 infection: features of villitis and malperfusion. Pathobiology 2021; 88(1):69–77. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511324</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Волкова О.В., Елецкий Ю.К. Основы гистологии с гистологической техникой. М.: Медицина, 1982. 304 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volkova O.V., Eleckij J.K. [Fundamentals of histology with histological techniques]. Moscow: Medicina; 1982 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sulistyowati S., Anggraini N.W.P., Yuliantara E.E., Bachnas M.A., Setiyawati D. Placental CD68 expression of pregnant women with COVID-19 as a marker of vertical transmission // TMJ. 2022. Vol.45, Iss.6. Р.6731–6742.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sulistyowati S., Anggraini N.W.P., Yuliantara E.E., Bachnas M.A., Setiyawati D. Placental CD68 expression of pregnant women with COVID-19 as a marker of vertical transmission. TMJ 2022; 45(6):6731–6742.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schwartz D.A., Morotti D. Placental pathology of COVID-19 with and without fetal and neonatal infection: trophoblast necrosis and chronic histiocytic intervillositis as risk factors for transplacental transmission of SARS-CoV-2 // Viruses. 2020. Vol.12, Iss.11. Article number:1308. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12111308</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schwartz D.A., Morotti D. Placental pathology of COVID-19 with and without fetal and neonatal infection: trophoblast necrosis and chronic histiocytic intervillositis as risk factors for transplacental transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Viruses 2020; 12(11):1308. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12111308</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Facchetti F., Bugatti M., Drera E., Tripodo C., Sartori E., Cancila V., Papaccio M., Castellani R., Casola S., Boniotti M.B., Cavadini P., Lavazza A. SARS-CoV2 vertical transmission with adverse effects on the newborn revealed through integrated immunohistochemical, electron microscopy and molecular analyses of Placenta // EBioMedicine. 2020. Vol.59. Article number:102951. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102951</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Facchetti F., Bugatti M., Drera E., Tripodo C., Sartori E., Cancila V., Papaccio M., Castellani R., Casola S., Boniotti M.B., Cavadini P., Lavazza A. SARS-CoV2 vertical transmission with adverse effects on the newborn revealed through integrated immunohistochemical, electron microscopy and molecular analyses of Placenta. EBioMedicine 2020; 59:102951. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102951</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жуковец И.В., Андриевская И.А., Кривощекова Н.А., Смирнова Н.А., Петрова К.К., Харченко М.В., Никачало Д.А. Первые последствия пандемии COVID-19: осложнения беременности, здоровье новорожденных и ожидаемые репродуктивные потери // Бюллетень физиологии и патологии дыхания. 2022. Вып.84. С.77–85. https://doi.org/10.36604/1998-5029-2022-84-77-85</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhukovets I.V., Аndrievskaya I.A., Кrivoshchekova N.A., Smirnova N.A., Petrova K.K., Kharchenko M.V., Nikachalo D.A. First effects of the COVID-19 pandemic: pregnancy complications, newborn health and expected reproductive losses. Bûlleten' fiziologii i patologii dyhaniâ = Bulletin of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration 2022; 84:77–85 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.36604/1998-5029-2022-84-77-85</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Адамян Л.В., Вечорко В.И., Филиппов О.С., Конышева О.В., Харченко Э.И., Фаттахова Д.Н. Новая коронавирусная инфекция (COVID-19). Исходы родов у женщин с COVID-19 и без COVID-19 в период пандемии (данные акушерского отделения ГБУЗ «ГКБ №15 ДЗМ») // Проблемы репродукции. 2021. T.27, №3(2). С.15–22. EDN: CPE GEP. https://doi.org/10.17116/repro20212703215</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adamyan L.V., Vechorko V.I., Filippov O.S., Konysheva O.V., Kharchenko E.I., Fattahova D.N. Novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Labor outcomes for women with and without COVID-19 during a pandemic (data of the obstetric department of the Filatov City Clinical Hospital No. 15). Problemy Reproduktsii = Russian Journal of Human Reproduction 2021; 27(3-2):15–22 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.17116/repro20212703215</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
