cfpdБюллетень физиологии и патологии дыханияBulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration1998-5029Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания10.36604/1998-5029-2024-93-121-131cfpd-1194Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSРоль респираторных инфекций в формировании гиперреактивности дыхательных путей у детейThe role of respiratory infections in the formation of airway hyperresponsiveness in childrenМанукянА. С.ManukyanA. S.

Айкуш Славиковна Манукян, аспирант, младший научный сотрудник, лаборатория механизмов вирус-ассоциированных патологий развития

675000, г. Благовещенск, ул. Калинина, 22

Aykush S. Manukyan, Postgraduate Student, Junior Staff Scientist, Laboratory of Mechanisms of Virus-Associated Developmental Pathologies

22 Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000

ПриходькоА. Г.PrikhodkoA. G.

Анна Григорьевна Приходько, д-р мед. наук, главный научный сотрудник, лаборатория функциональных методов исследования дыхательной системы

675000, г. Благовещенск, ул. Калинина, 22

Аnnа G. Prikhodko, MD, PhD, DSc (Med.), Main Staff Scientist, Laboratory of Functional Research of Respiratory System

22 Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000

prih-anya@ya.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания»Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration202413092024093121131Copyright © Манукян А.С., Приходько А.Г., 20242024Манукян А.С., Приходько А.Г.Manukyan A.S., Prikhodko A.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1194

Гиперреактивность дыхательных путей (ГРДП) – гетерогенное и комплексное нарушение, при котором возникает чрезмерное сужение дыхательных путей в ответ на действие различных экзо- и эндогенных стимулов. В данной статье представлена информация за последние пять лет, включающая 50 публикаций представленных в PubMed и Google Scholar, о наиболее распространенных вирусах, провоцирующих развитие гиперреактивности дыхательных путей у детей, включая респираторно-синцитиальный вирус, риновирус, метапневмовирус, вирусы гриппа и парагриппа, коронавирус SARS-CoV-2, аденовирус и бокавирус. Описывается ряд патофизиологических механизмов, с помощью которых вирусы повреждают респираторный эпителий и приводят к формированию инфекционной и постинфекционной гиперчувствительности бронхов. Подчеркнута роль гиперэкспрессии цитокинов и медиаторов воспаления в развитии ГРДП, особенно в раннем возрасте. Показано, что воспалительный процесс и сбалансированный иммунный ответ имеют решающее значение для смягчения тяжести заболевания, вызванного вирусами. Понимание молекулярных механизмов воспалительных реакций и иммунного ответа на острые респираторные вирусные инфекции может помочь разработать более эффективные методы профилактики и лечения респираторных заболеваний у детей.

Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is a heterogeneous and complex disorder characterized by excessive narrowing of the airways in response to various exogenous and endogenous stimuli. This article presents information from the last five years, including 50 publications from PubMed and Google Scholar, on the most common viruses that provoke the development of airway hyperresponsiveness in children, including respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, metapneumovirus, influenza and parainfluenza viruses, SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, adenovirus, and bocavirus. It describes a number of pathophysiological mechanisms by which viruses damage the respiratory epithelium and lead to the formation of infectious and post-infectious bronchial hypersensitivity. The role of hyperexpression of cytokines and inflammatory mediators in the development of AHR, especially in early childhood, is emphasized. It is shown that the inflammatory process and a balanced immune response are crucial for mitigating the severity of the disease caused by viruses. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of inflammatory reactions and the immune response to acute respiratory viral infections can help develop more effective methods for the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases in children.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.