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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cfpd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Бюллетень физиологии и патологии дыхания</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-5029</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36604/1998-5029-2025-95-40-57</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cfpd-1232</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эффективность применения комбинации фолиевой кислоты, цианокобаламина и пиридоксина гидрохлорида в комплексном лечении пневмонии, обусловленной коронавирусной инфекцией COVID-19</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Efficacy of combined folic acid, cyanocobalamin, and pyridoxine hydrochloride therapy in the comprehensive management of pneumonia associated with COVID-19</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9978-5156</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цеймах</surname><given-names>И. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tseymakh</surname><given-names>I. Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Яковлевна Цеймах, д-р мед. наук, доцент, зав. кафедрой пульмонологии и фтизиатрии с курсом ДПО</p><p>656038, г. Барнаул, проспект Ленина, 40 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina Ya. Tseymakh, MD, PhD, DSc (Med.), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Pulmonology and Phthisiology with a Course of Postgraduate Education</p><p>Barnaul</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irintsei@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6906-0069</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богачев</surname><given-names>Д. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogachev</surname><given-names>D. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Евгеньевич Богачев, ассистент кафедры пульмонологии и фтизиатрии с курсом ДПО</p><p>656038, г. Барнаул, проспект Ленина, 40 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry E. Bogachev, MD, Assistant of the Department of Pulmonology and Phthisiology with a Course of Postgraduate Education</p><p>Barnaul</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rt3024@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6931-0228</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жбанов</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhbanov</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Юрьевич Жбанов, зав. рентгенологическим кабинетом</p><p>188855, Ленинградская область, Выборгский район, пос. Первомайское, ул. Ленина, 54а </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey Yu. Zhbanov, MD, Head of the Radiology Department</p><p>Barnaul</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zhbanov-andrey@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9037-8781</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каркавина</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karkavina</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Николаевна Каркавина, канд. мед. наук, главный врач</p><p>656050, г. Барнаул, ул. Юрина, 166а </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna N. Karkavina, MD, PhD (Med.), Chief Physician, «City Hospital No. 4 named after N.P. Gulla, Barnaul»</p><p>Barnaul</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hospital4brn@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корнилова</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kornilova</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Александровна Корнилова, зав. отделением пульмонологии</p><p>656045, г. Барнаул, Змеиногорский тракт, 75</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana A. Kornilova, MD, Head of the Pulmonology Department</p><p>Barnaul</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">takkorn@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Алтайский  государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Altai State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения Ленинградской области «Рощинская межрайонная больница»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of the Leningrad Region «Roshchinskaya Interdistrict Hospital»<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Краевое государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения «Городская больница № 4 имени Н.П. Гулла, г. Барнаул»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">«City Hospital No. 4 named after N.P. Gulla, Barnaul»<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">Краевое государственное учреждение здравоохранения «Городская больница № 5, г. Барнаул»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Barnaul City Hospital No.5<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>95</issue><fpage>40</fpage><lpage>57</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Цеймах И.Я., Богачев Д.Е., Жбанов А.Ю., Каркавина А.Н., Корнилова Т.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Цеймах И.Я., Богачев Д.Е., Жбанов А.Ю., Каркавина А.Н., Корнилова Т.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tseymakh I.Y., Bogachev D.E., Zhbanov A.Y., Karkavina A.N., Kornilova T.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1232">https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1232</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценить клиническую эффективность и влияние на уровень сывороточного гомоцистеина применения комбинации фолиевой кислоты с цианокобаламином и пиридоксина гидрохлоридом в комплексном лечении пневмонии у госпитализированных пациентов с COVID-19.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В открытое проспективное сравнительное исследование было включено 75 госпитализированных больных пневмонией, ассоциированной с инфекцией COVID-19 средней и тяжелой степени тяжести, подтвержденный определением РНК SARS-CoV-2 в дыхательных путях. В основную группу вошли 28 пациентов, получавших микронутриентную терапию с применением фолиевой кислоты 30 мг в сутки, цианокобаламина и пиридоксина в комплексном лечении. В группу сравнения – 47 пациентов без дополнительной терапии. Индекс коморбидности Charlson в основной группе был 1,14 ± 0,93 баллов, в группе сравнения 0,47 ± 0,69 баллов (p ≤ 0,001). Определялась тяжесть состояния больных до и после лечения по шкалам NEWS, qSOFA, 4C Mortality, порядковой шкале ВОЗ. Выполнялась компьютерная томография (КТ) легких. Оценивались клинический анализ крови, показатели системного воспаления (сывороточное содержание С-реактивного белка (СРБ), ферритина, лактатдегидрогеназы (ЛДГ)), гомоцистеина, триглицеридов, холестерина липопротеинов низкой (ЛПНП) и высокой плотности.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В основной группе больных было достигнуто сокращение периода элиминации РНК SARS-CoV-2 до 7,2 ± 3,4 дней против 15,6 ± 6,3 дней в группе сравнения (p &lt; 0,001). После применения микронутриентной терапии наблюдалось уменьшение тяжести заболевания при оценке по шкалам qSOFA и 4C Mortality. В основной группе было отмечено уменьшение общего объема пневмонии с 32,0 (19,8-73,0)% до 26,5 (11,8-50,8)% (p = 0,035) и объема вовлечения паренхимы легких с изменениями по типу консолидации с 9,0 (0,0-37,3)% до 2,0 (0,0-17,0)% (p = 0,027), в группе сравнения не отмечалось уменьшения общего объема вовлечения паренхимы легких, объем изменений паренхимы легких с паттерном по типу консолидации увеличивался. Указанные клинические и КТ исходы заболевания сопровождались снижением концентрации СРБ, сывороточного гомоцистеина, ЛПНП. Модели множественного линейного регрессионного анализа продемонстрировали влияние приема комбинации фолиевой кислоты с цианокобаламином и пиридоксина гидрохлоридом на сокращение периода элиминации РНК SARS-CoV-2 из дыхательных путей (коэффициент регрессии β = -8,648 ± 1,781; p &lt; 0,001), на степень уменьшения объема вовлечения паренхимы легких с паттерном консолидации после лечения (коэффициент регрессии β = -13,492 ± 4,834; p = 0,011). Выявлена связь с уровнем ЛДГ до лечения (коэффициент регрессии β = 0,0235 ± 0,00857; p = 0,008), возрастом пациента (коэффициент регрессии β = 0,167 ± 0,0608; p = 0,008).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Применение комбинации фолиевой кислоты, цианокобаламина и пиридоксина гидрохлорида в комплексном лечении больных пневмонией, обусловленной инфекцией COVID-19, связано с сокращением периода элиминации коронавируса SARS-CоV-2 из верхних дыхательных путей, более выраженным уменьшением тяжести заболевания и объема вовлечения паренхимы легких с симптомами консолидации паренхимы легких, что сопровождается снижением уровня сывороточного гомоцистеина. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To evaluate the clinical efficacy and the effect on serum homocysteine levels of combined folic acid, cyanocobalamin, and pyridoxine hydrochloride therapy in the comprehensive treatment of pneumonia in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. An open-label, prospective, comparative study included 75 hospitalized patients with moderate to severe pneumonia associated with COVID-19 confirmed by detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the respiratory tract. The main group consisted of 28 patients who received micronutrient therapy with 30 mg/day of folic acid plus cyanocobalamin and pyridoxine in addition to standard treatment. The comparison group comprised 47 patients who did not receive additional micronutrient therapy. The Charlson Comorbidity Index was 1.14 ± 0.93 in the main group and 0.47 ± 0.69 in the comparison group (p ≤ 0.001). Disease severity before and after treatment was assessed using the NEWS, qSOFA, 4C Mortality, and WHO Ordinal scales. Chest computed tomography (CT) was performed. Laboratory parameters included complete blood count, serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), homocysteine, triglycerides, and low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL, HDL).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In the main group, elimination period of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was achieved in 7.2 ± 3.4 days versus 15.6 ± 6.3 days in the comparison group (p &lt; 0.001). After micronutrient therapy, disease severity decreased according to qSOFA and 4C Mortality scales. The main group showed a reduction in the total pneumonia volume from 32.0 (19.8–73.0)% to 26.5 (11.8–50.8)% (p = 0.035) and a reduction in the volume of parenchymal consolidation from 9.0 (0.0–37.3)% to 2.0 (0.0–17.0)% (p = 0.027). In the comparison group, there was no decrease in the total volume of lung involvement, and the area of parenchymal consolidation increased. These clinical and CT findings were associated with reductions in CRP, serum homocysteine, and LDL levels. Multiple linear regression models demonstrated that administration of the folic acid, cyanocobalamin, and pyridoxine hydrochloride combination shortened the elimination period of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from the respiratory tract (regression coefficient β = –8.648 ± 1.781; p &lt; 0.001) and contributed to a decrease in parenchymal consolidation volume after treatment (β = –13.492 ± 4.834; p = 0.011), with the effect also linked to baseline LDH levels (β = 0.0235 ± 0.00857; p = 0.008) and patient age (β = 0.167 ± 0.0608; p = 0.008).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The use of folic acid, cyanocobalamin, and pyridoxine hydrochloride in the comprehensive management of patients with COVID-19-associated pneumonia is associated with a shorter SARS-CoV-2 RNA elimination period from the upper respiratory tract, a more pronounced reduction in disease severity, and a decreased extent of lung parenchymal consolidation. These effects coincide with lower serum homocysteine levels.  </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>пневмония</kwd><kwd>гомоцистеин</kwd><kwd>фолиевая кислота</kwd><kwd>цианокобаламин</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>pneumonia</kwd><kwd>homocysteine</kwd><kwd>folic acid</kwd><kwd>cyanocobalamin</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kouchek M., Aghakhani K., Memarian A. 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