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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cfpd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Бюллетень физиологии и патологии дыхания</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-5029</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36604/1998-5029-2025-96-141-153</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cfpd-1263</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Дисфункция малых дыхательных путей при бронхиальной астме: диагностические, патогенетические и терапевтические аспекты</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Small airway dysfunction in asthma: diagnostic, pathogenetic and therapeutic aspects</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0396-6380</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юренко</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yurenko</surname><given-names>А. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алла Валентиновна Юренко, канд. мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник, врач-терапевт</p><p>лаборатория восстановительного лечения</p><p>690105; ул. Русская, 73г; Владивосток</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alla V. Yurenko, MD, PhD (Med.), Senior Staff Scientist, general practitioner</p><p>Laboratory of Rehabilitative Treatment</p><p>690105; 73g Russkaya Str.; Vladivostok</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yurenko_alla@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Владивостокский филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания» – Научно-исследовательский институт медицинской климатологии и восстановительного лечения</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Centre of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration – Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation Treatment</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>96</issue><fpage>141</fpage><lpage>153</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Юренко А.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Юренко А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yurenko А.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1263">https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1263</self-uri><abstract><p>   В последние годы все больше внимания уделяется изучению роли малых дыхательных путей (МДП) в патофизиологических и клинических аспектах бронхиальной астмы (БА). В статье обобщены основные методы диагностики нарушения функции МДП, такие как спирометрия, бодиплетизмография, импульсная осциллография, анализ оксида азота на выдохе, тесты вымывания инертных газов, компьютерная томография. Отмечено отсутствие единого стандартного метода исследования для выявления дисфункции МДП. Рассмотрены патогенетические аспекты механизмов развития дисфункции МДП при БА. Освещена ключевая роль цитокинов, метаболитов полиненасыщенных жирных кислот – эйкозаноидов, плазмалогенов – в сложной сети медиаторов, регулирующих при астме хроническое воспаление дыхательных путей. Обсуждены возможности коррекции нарушений функции МДП с использованием современных фармакологических препаратов с целью восстановления функции внешнего дыхания. Проанализированные работы свидетельствуют об актуальности ранней оценки состояния МДП и выявления триггеров развития дисфункции МДП при БА.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the role of the small airways (SA) in the pathophysiological and clinical aspects of asthma. The article summarizes the main methods for assessing impaired SA function—spirometry, body plethysmography, impulse oscillometry, fractional exhaled-nitric-oxide analysis, inert-gas washout tests and computed tomography—and notes the absence of a single standard technique for identifying SA dysfunction. The pathogenetic mechanisms underlying SA dysfunction in asthma are discussed, with an emphasis on the key roles of cytokines, eicosanoids (polyunsaturated-fatty-acid metabolites) and plasmalogens in the complex network of mediators that regulate chronic airway inflammation. The potential for correcting SA dysfunction with modern pharmacological agents aimed at restoring lung function is considered. The studies analyzed highlight the importance of early evaluation of SA status and identification of triggers that drive SA dysfunction in asthma.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>малые дыхательные пути</kwd><kwd>бронхиальная астма</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>воспаление</kwd><kwd>терапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>small airways</kwd><kwd>asthma</kwd><kwd>diagnostics</kwd><kwd>inflammation</kwd><kwd>therapy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проводилось без участия спонсоров</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was not sponsored</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yi F., Jiang Z., Li H., Guo C., Lu H., Luo W., Chen Q., Lai K. 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