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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cfpd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Бюллетень физиологии и патологии дыхания</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-5029</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36604/1998-5029-2025-97-33-44</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cfpd-1269</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Назальная экспрессия рецепторов горького вкуса TAS2R у больных бронхиальной астмой: взаимосвязь с контролем заболевания, воспалением и бронхиальной обструкцией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nasal expression of bitter taste receptors TAS2R in asthma: associations with the disease control, inflammation and bronchial obstruction</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Наумов</surname><given-names>Д. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Naumov</surname><given-names>D. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Денис Евгеньевич Наумов, канд. мед. наук, зав. лабораторией молекулярных и трансляционных исследований</p><p>675000, г. Благовещенск, ул. Калинина, 22</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis E. Naumov, PhD (Med.), Head of Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Research</p><p>22 Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">denn1985@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Конев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Konev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Викторович Конев, аспирант, младший научный сотрудник, лаборатория механизмов вирус-ассоциированных патологий развития</p><p>675000, г. Благовещенск, ул. Калинина, 22</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Konev, Postgraduate student, Junior Staff Scientist, Laboratory of Mechanisms of Virus-Associated Developmental Pathology</p><p>22 Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andrkonev@vk.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гассан</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gassan</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дина Анатольевна Гассан, канд. мед. наук, зав. лабораторией механизмов вирус-ассоциированных патологий развития</p><p>675000, г. Благовещенск, ул. Калинина, 22</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dina A. Gassan, PhD (Med.), Head of Laboratory, Laboratory of Mechanisms of Virus-Associated Developmental Pathology</p><p>22 Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">danishi@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котова</surname><given-names>О. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotova</surname><given-names>O. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Олеся Олеговна Котова, канд. мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник, лаборатория механизмов вирус-ассоциированных патологий развития</p><p>675000, г. Благовещенск, ул. Калинина, 22</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olesya O. Kotova, PhD (Med.), Senior Staff Scientist, Laboratory of Mechanisms of Virus-Associated Developmental Pathology</p><p>22 Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 6</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">foxy_voxy_on@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilyin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Валерьевич Ильин, канд. мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник, лаборатория молекулярных и трансляционных исследований</p><p>675000, г. Благовещенск, ул. Калинина, 22</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Ilyin, PhD (Med.), Senior Staff Scientist, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Research</p><p>22 Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alero82@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шелудько</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sheludko</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елизавета Григорьевна Шелудько, канд. мед. наук, научный сотрудник, лаборатория молекулярных и трансляционных исследований</p><p>675000, г. Благовещенск, ул. Калинина, 22</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elizaveta G. Sheludko, PhD (Med.), Staff Scientist, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Research</p><p>22 Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">liza.sheludko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сугайло</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sugaylo</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ивана Юрьевна Сугайло, канд. мед. наук, научный сотрудник, лаборатория молекулярных и трансляционных исследований</p><p>675000, г. Благовещенск, ул. Калинина, 22</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivana Yu. Sugaylo, PhD (Med.), Staff Scientist, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Research</p><p>22 Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivanka_888@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перельман</surname><given-names>Ю. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Perelman</surname><given-names>J. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлий Михайлович Перельман, д-р мед. наук, профессор, членкорреспондент РАН, зам. директора по научной работе, зав. лабораторией функциональных методов исследования дыхательной системы</p><p>675000, г. Благовещенск, ул. Калинина, 22</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Juliy M. Perelman, PhD (Med.), DSc (Med.), Corresponding Member of RAS, Deputy Director on Scientific Work, Head of Laboratory of Functional Research of Respiratory System</p><p>22 Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jperelman@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>97</issue><fpage>33</fpage><lpage>44</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Наумов Д.Е., Конев А.В., Гассан Д.А., Котова О.О., Ильин А.В., Шелудько Е.Г., Сугайло И.Ю., Перельман Ю.М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Наумов Д.Е., Конев А.В., Гассан Д.А., Котова О.О., Ильин А.В., Шелудько Е.Г., Сугайло И.Ю., Перельман Ю.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Naumov D.E., Konev A.V., Gassan D.A., Kotova O.O., Ilyin A.V., Sheludko E.G., Sugaylo I.Y., Perelman J.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1269">https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1269</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Рецепторы горького вкуса (TAS2R) могут экспрессироваться в эпителии дыхательных путей и представляют интерес как терапевтические мишени для лечения бронхиальной астмы (БА). Ранее в ходе пилотного исследования мы идентифицировали наиболее экспрессируемые TAS2R в назальном эпителии больных БА и здоровых лиц методом секвенирования нового поколения (NGS).Цель. Определить взаимосвязь экспрессии TAS2R в назальном эпителии с контролем заболевания, маркерами воспаления, проходимостью и ремоделированием дыхательных путей у больных БА.Материалы и методы. В исследование было включено 173 больных БА (46,0 ± 1,13 лет, 60% женщины) различной тяжести (56,4% – легкая БА, 41,3% – среднетяжелая БА, 2,3% – тяжелая БА), преимущественно – с неконтролируемым течением заболевания (71%). Пациентам выполняли спирометрическое исследование с тестом на обратимость бронхиальной обструкции и морфометрию сегментарных бронхов B1 и B10 по данным компьютерной томографии (КТ) на фоне бронхолитика. Сывороточные концентрации общего IgE и цитокинов (интерлейкина (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, интерферона γ, фактора некроза опухоли α, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22) измеряли методами иммуноферментного и иммунофлуоресцентного анализа на микрочастицах (LEGENDplex), соответственно. Экспрессию генов TAS2R4, TAS2R5, TAS2R14, TAS2R20, TAS2R31 и TAS2R38 определяли на уровне мРНК методом количественной ПЦР с обратной транскрипцией в образцах, полученных из браш-биоптатов нижней носовой раковины.Результаты. Экспрессия всех генов, за исключением TAS2R4, была взаимосвязана. Снижение контроля БА по данным вопросника ACT сопровождалось увеличением экспрессии TAS2R20 (β = -0,20, p = 0,03) и TAS2R38 (β = -0,20, p = 0,02) после коррекции на пол, возраст, индекс массы тела, индекс курения, величину объема форсированного выдоха за 1 секунду и уровень IgE методом множественной линейной регрессии. Показатели вентиляционной функции легких и реакции на бронхолитик не были взаимосвязаны с экспрессией генов TAS2R. С помощью анализа PLS-SEM было установлено, что Th17 воспаление, преимущественно определяемое уровнем IL-17A, является основным фактором, ассоциированным как с КТ-признаками ремоделирования бронхов (обратная ассоциация с размерами бронхов – β = -0,57, p &lt; 0,001; прямая – с утолщением бронхиальной стенки – β = 0,34, p = 0,05), так и с повышенной экспрессией TAS2R (наиболее существенно – с TAS2R5 β = 0,40, p = 0,01 и TAS2R20 β = 0,41, p = 0,01). Само ремоделирование бронхов также сочеталось с апрегуляцией TAS2R, в особенности, TAS2R5 (R2 = 0,17, p = 0,002) и TAS2R20 (R2 = 0,15, p = 0,006), при этом значимая ассоциация с экспрессией прослеживалась только для латентной переменной, отражающей размеры бронхов (β = -0,33, p &lt; 0,001 – как для TAS2R5, так и для TAS2R20).Заключение. Мы обнаружили признаки увеличения экспрессии генов TAS2R при снижении контроля БА, а также у пациентов с более выраженным бронхиальным ремоделированием и повышенным уровнем IL-17A в сыворотке крови. При условии, что индукция TAS2R носит вторичный, компенсаторный характер, рецепторы TAS2R5 и TAS2R20 представляют интерес как наиболее перспективные объекты для дальнейшего изучения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. Bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) can be expressed in airway epithelium and are of interest as therapeutic targets for asthma treatment. In a pilot study, we previously identified the most highly expressed TAS2Rs in the nasal epithelium of asthma patients and healthy individuals using NGS. Aim. To determine the relationship between TAS2Rs expression in the nasal epithelium and the disease control, inflammatory markers, airway patency and remodeling in patients with asthma. Materials and methods. The study included 173 patients with asthma (mean age: 46.0 ± 1.13 years; 60% females) of varying severity (56.4% – mild, 41.3% – moderate, 2.3% – severe asthma), predominantly with an uncontrolled disease course (71%). The patients underwent spirometric examination with obstruction reversibility testing and computed tomography (CT) based morphometric analysis of B1 and B10 segmental bronchi following bronchodilator administration. Serum concentrations of total IgE and cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22) were measured by ELISA and microparticle-based immunofluorescence assay (LEGENDplex), respectively. Expression of TAS2R4, TAS2R5, TAS2R14, TAS2R20, TAS2R31 and TAS2R38 genes was determined at mRNA level by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) in samples obtained from inferior turbinate brush biopsies. Results. Expression of all genes except TAS2R4 showed significant correlations. Decreased asthma control, as assessed by the ACT questionnaire, was associated with increased expression of TAS2R20 (β = -0.20, p = 0.03) and TAS2R38 (β = -0.20, p = 0.02) after adjustment for gender, age, body mass index, smoking index, FEV1, and IgE level using multiple linear regression. No correlations were found between TAS2R gene expression and lung function parameters or bronchodilator response. Using PLS-SEM analysis, it was found that Th17-driven inflammation, primarily determined by IL-17A levels, is the main factor associated with both CT signs of bronchial remodeling (an inverse association with bronchial size (β = -0.57, p &lt; 0.001) and a direct association with bronchial wall thickening (β = 0.34, p = 0.05)) as well as with increased TAS2R expression (most significantly with TAS2R5 (β = 0.40, p = 0.01) and TAS2R20 (β = 0.41, p = 0.01)). Bronchial remodeling itself was also associated with upregulation of TAS2Rs, particularly TAS2R5 (R2 = 0.17, p = 0.002) and TAS2R20 (R2 = 0.15, p = 0.006). However, a significant association with expression level was observed only for the latent variable reflecting bronchial size (β = -0.33, p &lt; 0.001 for both TAS2R5 and TAS2R20). Conclusion. We found evidence of increased TAS2R genes expression with worsening asthma control, as well as in patients with more pronounced bronchial remodeling and elevated serum IL-17A. Given that TAS2R upregulation appears to be a secondary, compensatory response, TAS2R5 and TAS2R20 receptors emerge as the most promising targets for further investigation. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>TAS2R</kwd><kwd>астма</kwd><kwd>экспрессия</kwd><kwd>эпителий</kwd><kwd>контроль</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd><kwd>интерлейкины</kwd><kwd>спирометрия</kwd><kwd>морфометрия бронхов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>TAS2R</kwd><kwd>asthma</kwd><kwd>expression</kwd><kwd>epithelium</kwd><kwd>control</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd><kwd>interleukins</kwd><kwd>spirometry</kwd><kwd>bronchial morphometry</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при поддержке Российского научного фонда (проект №23-15-00372)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was supported by Russian Science Foundation (project №23-15-00372)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yuan L., Tao J., Wang J., She W., Zou Y., Li R., Ma Y., Sun C., Bi S., Wei S., Chen H., Guo X., Tian H., Xu J., Dong Y., Ma Y., Sun H., Lv W., Shang Z., Jiang Y., Lv H., Zhang M. 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