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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cfpd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Бюллетень физиологии и патологии дыхания</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-5029</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36604/1998-5029-2025-97-45-56</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cfpd-1270</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>К вопросу диагностики нарушения функции малых дыхательных путей при легкой бронхиальной астме</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>On the diagnosis of smallairway dysfunction in mild asthma</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0396-6380</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юренко</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yurenko</surname><given-names>А. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алла Валентиновна Юренко, канд. мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник, лаборатория восстановительного лечения, врач-терапевт</p><p>690105, г. Владивосток, ул. Русская, 73г</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alla V. Yurenko, MD, PhD (Med.), Senior Staff Scientist, Laboratory of Rehabilitative Treatment</p><p>73g Russkaya Str., Vladivostok, 690105</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yurenko_alla@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2492-3198</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антонюк</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Аntonyuk</surname><given-names>М. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Марина Владимировна Антонюк, д-р мед. наук, профессор, зав. лабораторией восстановительного лечения</p><p>690105, г. Владивосток, ул. Русская, 73г</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina V. Antonyuk, MD, PhD, DSc (Med.), Рrofessor, Head of Laboratory of Rehabilitative Treatment</p><p>73g Russkaya Str., Vladivostok, 690105</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">antonyukm@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4286-2827</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минеева</surname><given-names>Е. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Мineeva</surname><given-names>Е. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Евгеньевна Минеева, канд. мед. наук, научный сотрудник, лаборатория восстановительного лечения, врач функциональной диагностики, врач-пульмонолог</p><p>690105, г. Владивосток, ул. Русская, 73г</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena E. Mineeva, MD, PhD (Med.), Staff Scientist, Laboratory of Rehabilitative Treatment</p><p>73g Russkaya Str., Vladivostok, 690105</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elmineeva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Владивостокский филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания» – Научно-исследовательский институт медицинской климатологии и восстановительного лечения</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Centre of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration - Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation Treatment</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Владивостокский филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения &#13;
«Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания» – Научно-исследовательский институт медицинской климатологии и восстановительного лечения</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Centre of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration - Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation Treatment</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>97</issue><fpage>45</fpage><lpage>56</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Юренко А.В., Антонюк М.В., Минеева Е.Е., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Юренко А.В., Антонюк М.В., Минеева Е.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yurenko А.V., Аntonyuk М.V., Мineeva Е.Е.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1270">https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1270</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель. Оценить функциональное состояние малых дыхательных путей с использованием метода бодиплетизмографии и определить степень нарушения проводящей функции малых дыхательных путей (МДП) у пациентов с бронхиальной астмой (БА) легкой степени тяжести.Материалы и методы. Обследован 191 пациент с легкой БА. Группу контроля составили 36 условно здоровых добровольцев. С помощью бодиплетизмографии оценивали статические легочные объемы и емкости: функциональную остаточную емкость (ФОЕ), остаточный объем легких (ООЛ), общую емкость легких (ОЕЛ), соотношение ООЛ/ОЕЛ. Критерием дисфункции МДП считали ООЛ более 140%, ООЛ/ОЕЛ более 125%, ФОЕ более 130% от должных значений. Для оценки степени дисфункции МДП ориентировались на показатели в % отклонений от должных величин и значение z-score.Результаты. У 44 пациентов с БА выявлялась дисфункция МДП. Пациенты с дисфункцией МДП, с использованием кластерного анализа по параметрам, отражающим состояние МДП (ФОЕ, ООЛ и ООЛ/ОЕЛ) были классифицированы на 3 группы. Были установлены статистически значимые различия между кластерами по уровням ООЛ, ООЛ/ОЕЛ и показателю z-score для ООЛ и ООЛ/ОЕЛ. Для 1 кластера было характерно повышение ООЛ и ООЛ/ОЕЛ. У пациентов во 2-м кластере при сравнении с 1 кластером на фоне высоких уровней ООЛ и ООЛ/ОЕЛ в 50% случаев диагностировалось увеличение ФОЕ. В 3 кластере по сравнению с 1 и 2 кластерами отмечалось увеличение ОЕЛ на фоне высоких показателей ООЛ, ООЛ/ОЕЛ и ФОЕ в 55% случаев. По данным спирометрии установили снижение проходимости дыхательных путей, тестируемой величинами объема форсированного выдоха за первую секунду и максимальных объемных скоростей выдоха. Нарастание бронхиальной обструкции привело к уменьшению ЖЕЛ во 2 и 3 кластерах. Было показано, что нарушение функции МДП сопровождалось повышением уровней ООЛ, ООЛ/ОЕЛ.Заключение. Дисфункция МДП при легкой БА диагностирована в 23% случаев и сопровождается более выраженным снижением показателей, характерных для бронхобструктивного синдрома, в том числе, на уровне дистальных бронхов, наличием «воздушных ловушек». Установлены показатели, позволяющие определять степень нарушения функции МДП. Основными критериями степени дисфункции МДП у пациентов с БА легкой степени тяжести являются изменения показателей ООЛ, ООЛ/ОЕЛ и степень этих изменений по z-score.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Aim. To assess the functional status of the small airways by bodyplethysmography and to determine the degree of small-airway dysfunction (SAD) in patients with mild asthma.Materials and methods. We examined 191 patients with mild asthma. The control group consisted of 36 healthy volunteers. Using bodyplethysmography, we evaluated functional residual capacity (FRC), residual volume (RV), total lung capacity (TLC) and the RV/TLC ratio. SAD was defined as RV &gt; 140% predicted, RV/TLC &gt; 125% predicted or FRC &gt; 130% predicted. The severity of SAD was graded by percentage deviation from predicted values and z-scores.Results. SAD was detected in 44 asthma patients. Cluster analysis based on RV, RV/TLC and FRC divided these patients into three clusters. Statistically significant differences between clusters were found for RV, RV/TLC and their z-scores. Cluster 1 was characterised by elevated RV and RV/TLC. In Cluster 2, compared with Cluster 1, high RV and RV/TLC were accompanied by an FRC increase in 50% of cases. Cluster 3 showed high RV, RV/TLC and FRC, along with a TLC increase in 55% of cases. Spirometry demonstrated a progressive decline in airway patency, reflected by reduced FEV1 and maximum expiratory flow rates (MEF); worsening obstruction resulted in reduced VC in Clusters 2 and 3. SAD was consistently accompanied by elevated RV and RV/TLC, indicating marked air-trapping.Conclusion. SAD occurred in 23% of patients with mild asthma and was accompanied by a pronounced decrease in indices characteristic of bronchial-obstructive syndrome, including distal airways. RV, RV/TLC and their z-scores constitute the primary criteria for grading SAD in this patient population.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бронхиальная астма</kwd><kwd>малые дыхательные пути</kwd><kwd>нарушение функции малых дыхательных путей</kwd><kwd>бодиплетизмография</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>asthma</kwd><kwd>small airways</kwd><kwd>small-airway dysfunction</kwd><kwd>bodyplethysmography</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Braido F., Scichilone N., Lavorini F., Usmani O.S., Dubuske L., Boulet L.P., Mosges R., Nunes C., Sanchez-Borges M., Ansotegui I.J., Ebisawa M., Levi-Schaffer F., Rosenwasser L.J., Bousquet J., Zuberbier T., Canonica G.W., Cruz A., Yanez A., Yorgancioglu A., Deleanu D., Rodrigo G., Berstein J., Ohta K., Vichyanond P., Pawankar R., Gonzalez-Diaz S.N., Nakajima S., Slavyanskaya T., Fink-Wagner A., Loyola C.B., Ryan D., Passalacqua G., Celedon J., Ivancevich J.C., Dobashi K., Zernotti M., Akdis M., Benjaponpitak S., Bonini S., Burks W., Caraballo L., El-Sayed Z.A., Fineman S., Greenberger P., Hossny E., Ortega-Martell J.A., Saito H., Tang M., Zhang L. 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