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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cfpd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Бюллетень физиологии и патологии дыхания</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-5029</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36604/1998-5029-2025-97-69-81</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cfpd-1272</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинико-функциональные особенности течения постинфекционной реактивности дыхательных путей у детей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical and functional features of postinfectious airway reactivity formation in children</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Манукян</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Manukyan</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Айкуш Славиковна Манукян, аспирант, младший научный сотрудник, лаборатория механизмов вирус-ассоциированных патологий развития</p><p>675000, г. Благовещенск, ул. Калинина, 22</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aykush S. Manukyan, Postgraduate Student, Junior Staff Scientist, Laboratory of Mechanisms of Virus-Associated Developmental Pathologies</p><p>22 Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Приходько</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prikhodko</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Григорьевна Приходько, д-р мед. наук, главный научный сотрудник, лаборатория функциональных методов исследования дыхательной системы</p><p>675000, г. Благовещенск, ул. Калинина, 22</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Аnnа G. Prikhodko, MD, PhD, DSc (Med.), Main Staff Scientist, Laboratory of Functional Research of Respiratory System</p><p>22 Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">prih-anya@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>97</issue><fpage>69</fpage><lpage>81</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Манукян А.С., Приходько А.Г., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Манукян А.С., Приходько А.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Manukyan A.S., Prikhodko A.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1272">https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1272</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Рекуррентные респираторные инфекции у детей могут иметь широкий спектр клинических проявлений и вызывать долгосрочные последствия, которые требуют дополнительного изучения. Цель: определить клинико-функциональные особенности течения постинфекционной реактивности дыхательных путей у детей. Материалы и методы. В исследовании приняли участие 103 ребенка (38 девочек и 65 мальчиков), перенесших острую респираторную инфекцию. Средний возраст детей составил 12,2 ± 0,34 лет; рост 144,3 ± 1,88 см, вес 38,0 ± 1,63 кг. Детям проведена комплексная диагностика, включая анкетирование по расширенному опроснику API (Astma Predictive Index), забор биологического материала из рото- и носоглотки с целью обнаружения респираторных РНК- и ДНК-вирусов, забор периферической крови для определения специфических антител класса M и G к атипичным возбудителям методом иммуноферментного анализа. Были выполнены: спирометрия (ЖЕЛ (жизненная емкость легких), ОФВ1 (объем форсированного выдоха за первую секунду), соотношение ОФВ1/ЖЕЛ, ПОС (пиковая объемная скорость выдоха), МОС50 (максимальная объемная скорость в момент выдоха первых 50% ФЖЕЛ), МОС75 (максимальная объемная скорость в момент выдоха первых 75% ФЖЕЛ), СОС25-75 (средняя объемная скорость между 25% и 75% объема ФЖЕЛ)) с проведением ингаляционной бронходилатационной пробы с β2-агонистом короткого действия (сальбутамол), а также бронхопровокационная проба с ультразвуковой ингаляцией дистиллированной воды (ИДВ). Результаты. В первую группу были включены 53 ребенка с измененной реактивностью дыхательных путей на пробу ИДВ (ΔОФВ1 идв -5,6 [-13,0; 6,5])%, а во 2 группу – 38 детей, не реагирующих на пробу с ИДВ (ΔОФВ1 идв -2,9[-6,0; -1,6]%. Дети 1 группы имели более низкие значения спирометрических параметров в сравнении со 2 группой: ОФВ1/ЖЕЛ составил 96,0 [92,0; 102,0] и 101,0 [94,0; 104,0]% (p = 0,042); СОС25-75 68,0 [52,0; 88,0] и 80, 0[64,0; 95,0]% (p = 0,029), соответственно. При анализе респираторных возбудителей в 1 группе, относительно 2 группы, прослеживалась более высокая частота выявления специфических антител к Mycoplasma pneumoniae 42 и 18% (χ2 = 4,423; p &lt; 0,05), соответственно. Кроме того, у детей 1 группы в 28% случаев определялось сочетанное инфицирование 2–4 возбудителями одновременно, в сравнении с детьми 2 группы – 8% случаев (χ2 = 4,594; p &lt; 0,05). По результатам корреляционного анализа высокому уровню IgM к M. pneumonia соответствовал более выраженный ответ мелких дыхательных путей на бронхопровокацию ИДВ (ΔСОС25-75 ИДВ) (ρ = -0,63; p = 0,01). Заключение. Проведённое исследование подтверждает значительное влияние респираторных инфекций на реактивность дыхательных путей у детей, что проявляется в снижении спирометрических параметров, повышенной частоте выявления патогенспецифических антител и их связи с реакцией бронхов на осмотический стимул. Результаты нашего исследования подчёркивают важность ранней диагностики постинфекционной реактивности дыхательных путей у детей.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. Recurrent respiratory infections in children can present with a wide range of clinical manifestations and may lead to long-term consequences that require further investigation. Aim. To determine the clinical and functional characteristics of the post-infectious reactivity of the airways in children. Materials and methods. The study involved 103 children (38 girls and 65 boys) who had suffered from an acute respiratory infection. The average age of the children was 12.2 ± 0.34 years; height 144.3 ± 1.88 cm, weight 38.0 ± 1.63 kg. A comprehensive diagnostic assessment was conducted, including a questionnaire based on the expanded Asthma Predictive Index (API), collection of biological material from the oropharynx and nasopharynx to detect respiratory RNA and DNA viruses, and collection of peripheral blood to determine specific antibodies of classes M and G to atypical pathogens using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The following tests were performed: spirometry (FVC (forced vital capacity), FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in the first second), FEV1/FVC ratio, PEFR (peak expiratory flow rate), MEF50 (maximum expiratory flow at the moment of exhaling the first 50% of FVC), MEF75 (maximum expiratory flow at the moment of exhaling the first 75% of FVC), and MEF25-75 (mean expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of FVC)) with an inhalation bronchodilator test using a short-acting β2-agonist (salbutamol), as well as a bronchial provocation test with ultrasonic inhalation of distilled water (IDW). Results. The first group included 53 children with altered airway reactivity to the IDW test (ΔFEV1 IDW -5.6 [-13.0; 6.5] %), while the second group consisted of 38 children who did not react to the IDW test (ΔFEV1 IDW -2.9 [-6.0; 1.6] %). Children in the first group had lower spirometric parameters compared to the second group: FEV1/FVC was 96.0 [92.0; 102.0] and 101.0 [94.0; 104.0] % (p=0.042); and MEF25-75 was 68.0 [52.0; 88.0] and 80.0 [64.0; 95.0] % (p = 0.029), respectively. When analyzing respiratory pathogens, the first group showed a higher frequency of specific antibodies to M. pneumoniae at 42% compared to 18% in the second group (χ2=4.423; p&lt;0.05). Additionally, in the first group, 28% of cases showed combined (mixed) infection with 2-4 pathogens simultaneously, compared to 8% in the second group (χ2=4.594; p&lt;0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that a high level of IgM antibodies to M. pneumoniae corresponded to a more pronounced response of the small airways to bronchoprovocation with IDW (ΔMEF25-75 IDW) (ρ = -0.63; p=0.01). Conclusion. The study confirms the significant impact of respiratory infections on airway reactivity in children, manifested by decreased spirometric parameters, an increased frequency of pathogen-specific antibodies, and their association with bronchial response to osmotic stimuli. The results of our study highlight the importance of early diagnosis of post-infectious airway reactivity in children.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>реактивность дыхательных путей</kwd><kwd>респираторные инфекции у детей</kwd><kwd>РНК-вирусы</kwd><kwd>ДНК-вирусы</kwd><kwd>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</kwd><kwd>Chlamydia pneumoniae</kwd><kwd>сочетанные (микст) инфекции</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>airway reactivity</kwd><kwd>respiratory infections in children</kwd><kwd>RNA viruses</kwd><kwd>DNA viruses</kwd><kwd>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</kwd><kwd>Chlamydia pneumoniae</kwd><kwd>combined (mixed) infections</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Toivonen L., Forsström V., Waris M., Peltola V. Acute respiratory infections in early childhood and risk of asthma at age 7 years // J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2019. Vol.143, №1. 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