cfpdБюллетень физиологии и патологии дыханияBulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration1998-5029Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания10.36604/1998-5029-2025-97-137-151cfpd-1280Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSРецепторы горького вкуса TAS2R как перспективные мишени в персонализированной терапии бронхиальной астмыBitter taste receptors TAS2R as promising targets in personalised therapy of asthmaКоневА. В.KonevA. V.

Андрей Викторович Конев, аспирант, младший научный сотрудник, лаборатория механизмов вирус-ассоциированных патологий развития

675000, г. Благовещенск, ул. Калинина, 22

Andrey V. Konev, Postgraduate student, Junior Staff Scientist, Laboratory of Mechanisms of Virus-Associated Developmental Pathology of Respiration

22 Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000

andrkonev@vk.comФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания»Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Re202521092025097137151Copyright © Конев А.В., 20252025Конев А.В.Konev A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1280

В обзоре обобщены современные данные о роли эктопических рецепторов горького вкуса (TAS2R) в патогенезе бронхиальной астмы (БА) в контексте персонализированного подхода к терапии. TAS2R, экспрессируемые в эпителии дыхательных путей, гладкой мускулатуре и иммунокомпетентных клетках, участвуют в ключевых звеньях воспалительного процесса и регуляции бронхиального тонуса. Активация TAS2R приводит к релаксации гладкой мускулатуры дыхательных путей через сигнальные каскады, независимые от β2-адренорецепторов и цАМФ, что обеспечивает эффективность в условиях сниженной чувствительности к β2-агонистам. В Т2-высоком эндотипе БА TAS2R подавляют интерлейкины (ИЛ)-4, ИЛ-5, ИЛ-13, снижая эозинофильное воспаление и дегрануляцию тучных клеток. В не-Т2-вариантах БА рецепторы ингибируют провоспалительные медиаторы (ИЛ-17, ИЛ-8, фактора некроза опухоли α), уменьшают активность нейтрофилов и макрофагов. TAS2R рассматриваются как перспективные фармакологические мишени, особенно в трудно контролируемых формах астмы, резистентных к ингаляционным глюкокортикостероидам. В научной литературе упоминаются исследования препаратов, которые обладают агонистической активностью в отношении TAS2R, и ведутся поиски эндогенных агонистов рецепторов. Представленный материал подчёркивает необходимость дальнейших исследований, направленных на уточнение молекулярных механизмов действия TAS2R, перспективы применения TAS2R-ориентированной терапии при различных эндотипах БА, оценку клинической эффективности и безопасности терапевтических агентов, направленных на персонализацию лечения БА на основе изучения генетических и функциональных особенностей этих рецепторов.

This review summarises current data on the role of ectopic bitter-taste receptors (TAS2R) in the pathogenesis of asthma within a personalised-therapy framework. TAS2R expressed in airway epithelium, airway smoothmuscle cells and immunocompetent cells participate in key inflammatory pathways and regulate bronchial tone. Receptor activation induces airway smooth-muscle relaxation through signalling cascades that are independent of β2-adrenergic receptors and cAMP, maintaining efficacy when β2-agonist sensitivity is reduced. In the T2-high endotype, TAS2R suppress IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13, thereby attenuating eosinophilic inflammation and mast-cell degranulation. In non-T2 asthma, TAS2R inhibit pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-17, IL-8/CXCL8, TNF-α) and curb neutrophil and macrophage activity. Consequently, TAS2R are viewed as promising pharmacological targets, particularly for difficult-to-control asthma resistant to inhaled glucocorticosteroids. The literature already cites compounds with TAS2R-agonist activity, and the search for novel endogenous agonists is ongoing. The evidence underscores the need for further studies to clarify TAS2R molecular mechanisms, evaluate TAS2R-oriented therapy across asthma endotypes, and assess the clinical efficacy and safety of agents designed to personalise treatment based on the genetic and functional characteristics of these receptors.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.