cfpdБюллетень физиологии и патологии дыханияBulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration1998-5029Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания10.36604/1998-5029-2025-97-152-159cfpd-1281Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSПлацента при хронической герпесвирусной инфекции: морфологические изменения и перинатальные последствияPlacenta in chronic herpesvirus infection: morphological changes and perinatal outcomesЧуриковаТ. С.ChurikovaT. S.

Татьяна Сергеевна Чурикова, младший научный сотрудник, лаборатория механизмов этиопатогенеза и восстановительных процессов дыхательной системы при неспецифических заболеваниях легких; аспирант, кафедра патологической анатомии с курсом судебной медицины

675000, г. Благовещенск, ул. Калинина, 22

675000, г. Благовещенск, ул. Горького, 95

Tatyana S. Churikova, Junior Staff Scientist, Laboratory of Mechanisms of Etiopathogenesis and Recovery Processes of the Respiratory System at Non-Specific Lung Diseases; Postgraduate Student, Department of Pathology with a Course in Forensic Medicine

22, Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000

95 Gor'kogo Str., Blagoveshchensk

churikova97@yandex.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания»; Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Амурская государственная медицинская академия» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииFar Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration; Amur State Medical Academy202521092025097152159Copyright © Чурикова Т.С., 20252025Чурикова Т.С.Churikova T.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1281

Высокая распространенность герпесвирусной инфекции среди женщин репродуктивного возраста и возможностью латентного течения с последующей реактивацией диктует важность изучения морфологических изменений плаценты, возникающих при инфицировании вирусами простого герпеса (ВПГ) 1 и 2 типов. Статья посвящена морфологической характеристике изменений плаценты при герпесвирусной инфекции и ее связи с развитием перинатальной патологии у плода. Описаны микроскопические признаки, позволяющие заподозрить герпетическое поражение плаценты: хронический виллит, интервиллузит, васкулит, очаговый некроз ворсин, деструкция трофобласта, поражение клеток Кащенко-Гофбауэра и образование гигантских многоядерных клеток с вирусными включениями (ВПГ-клетки Каудри типа В). Проанализированы отличия между ВПГ-1 и ВПГ-2 в зависимости от степени выраженности воспалительно-деструктивных, сосудистых изменений, а также клинических последствий внутриутробного инфицирования. Отмечена большая нейротропность и склонность к генерализации инфекции ВПГ-2 в сравнении с ВПГ-1. В процессе подготовки использовались публикации, размещенные в международных и российских научных базах данных, включая PubMed, eLibrary и Google Scholar. Для поиска использовались ключевые слова: герпетический плацентит, интервиллузит, фунникулит, placental pathomorphology, fetoplacental insufficiency, связь с перинатальной патологией и их сочетания на русском и английском языках.

High prevalence of herpes-virus infection among women of reproductive age and the possibility of latent persistence with subsequent reactivation highlight the importance of studying the morphological changes in the placenta that arise when infected with herpes simplex viruses (HSV) types 1 and 2. This article provides a morphological characterisation of placental alterations in herpesvirus infection and their association with the development of perinatal pathology in the fetus. Microscopic features that allow suspicion of herpetic placental involvement are described: chronic villitis, intervillositis, vasculitis, focal villous necrosis, trophoblast destruction, damage to Kachchenko–Hofbauer cells, and formation of giant multinucleated cells with viral inclusions (Cowdry type B HSV cells). Differences between HSV-1 and HSV-2 are analysed with respect to the severity of inflammatory-destructive and vascular changes, as well as the clinical consequences of intra-uterine infection. A greater neurotropism and propensity for generalised infection of HSV-2 compared with HSV-1 is noted. The review was prepared using publications indexed in international and Russian scientific databases, including PubMed, eLibrary and Google Scholar. Search terms included: herpetic placentitis, intervillositis, funiculitis, placental pathomorphology, fetoplacental insufficiency, association with perinatal pathology and their combinations in Russian and English.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.