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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cfpd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Бюллетень физиологии и патологии дыхания</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-5029</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36604/1998-5029-2025-98-75-85</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cfpd-1295</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности воспаления при тяжелой бронхиальной астме</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of inflammation in severe bronchial asthma</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крапошина</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kraposhina</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ангелина Юрьевна Крапошина, канд. мед. наук, доцент, доцент кафедры госпитальной терапии и иммунологии с курсом последипломного образования; врач-пульмонолог отделения пульмонологии</p><p>660022, г. Красноярск, ул. Партизана Железняка, 1</p><p>660022, г. Красноярск, ул. Партизана Железняка, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Angelina Yu. Kraposhina, MD, PhD (Med.), Associate Professor, Associate Professor of Department of Hospital Therapy and Immunology with a Postgraduate Education Course; Pulmonologist of Department of Pulmonology</p><p>1 Partizana Zheleznyaka Str., Krasnoyarsk, 660022</p><p>3 Partizana Zheleznyaka Str., Krasnoyarsk, 660022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">angelinamaria@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демко</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demko</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Владимировна Демко, д-р мед. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой госпитальной терапии и иммунологии с курсом последипломного образования; зав. легочно-аллергологическим центром</p><p>660022, г. Красноярск, ул. Партизана Железняка, 1</p><p>660022, г. Красноярск, ул. Партизана Железняка, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Demko, MD, PhD, DSc (Med.), Professor, Head of Department of Hospital Therapy and Immunology with Postgraduate Education Course; Head of Pulmonary AllergologyСenter</p><p>1 Partizana Zheleznyaka Str., Krasnoyarsk, 660022</p><p>3 Partizana Zheleznyaka Str., Krasnoyarsk, 660022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">demko64@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Собко</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sobko</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Альбертовна Собко, д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры госпитальной терапии и иммунологии с курсом последипломного образования; зав. отделением аллергологии</p><p>660022, г. Красноярск, ул. Партизана Железняка, 1</p><p>660022, г. Красноярск, ул. Партизана Железняка, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Sobko, MD, PhD, DSc (Med.), Professor of the Department of Hospital Therapy and Immunology with a Postgraduate Course; Head of the Allergology Department</p><p>1 Partizana Zheleznyaka Str., Krasnoyarsk, 660022</p><p>3 Partizana Zheleznyaka Str., Krasnoyarsk, 660022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sobko29@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Красноярский государственный медицинский университет имени профессора В.Ф.Войно-Ясенецкого» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Краевое государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения «Краевая клиническая больница»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation; Regional State Budgetary Healthcare Institution «Regional Clinical Hospital»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>98</issue><fpage>75</fpage><lpage>85</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Крапошина А.Ю., Демко И.В., Собко Е.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Крапошина А.Ю., Демко И.В., Собко Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kraposhina A.Y., Demko I.V., Sobko E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1295">https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1295</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель. Оценить особенности воспаления при тяжелой бронхиальной астме в реальной клинической практике на примере г. Красноярска.Материалы и методы. Обследовано 80 человек с диагнозом тяжелая бронхиальная астма (ТБА). До включения в исследование все пациенты регулярно получали базисную терапию, соответствующую 4-5 ступени по федеральным клиническим рекомендациям. Все пациенты имели неконтролируемое течение астмы. Общеклиническое обследование заключалось в интервьюировании больного, физикальном осмотре, работе с амбулаторными картами и выписками из стационара. Параметры функции внешнего дыхания (ФВД) измеряли на аппарате общей плетизмографии («Erich Eger», Германия). Определение общего IgE, интерлейкина (IL)-5, IL-4, IL-10, IL-9, IL-13, трансформирующего фактора β (TGF-β), периостина, катепсина S и дипептидилпептидазы-4 (DPP-4) в периферической крови проводилось методом твердофазного иммуноферментного анализа. Измерение содержания оксида азота в выдыхаемом воздухе (FeNO) выполнялось на портативном анализаторе NObreath фирмы Bedfont Scientific Limited.Результаты. Распространенность фиксированной обструкции дыхательных путей (ФОДП) составила 58% среди пациентов с тяжелой бронхиальной астмой. При оценке маркеров Т2 воспаления было обнаружено, что 1 маркер регистрировался у 15 (18,7%) пациентов, 2 маркера – у 34 (42,5%), 3 маркера – у 31 (38,7%) больного. У трети пациентов тяжелой бронхиальной астмой регистрировалось повышение уровней трех маркеров. Это сопровождалось более высокими содержаниями эозинофилов и общего IgE в периферической крови, а также FeNO, но при этом не отмечалось более высоких уровней цитокинов. Обнаружено повышение концентрации T2-зависимых цитокинов — IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, а также катепсина S, периостина и TGF-β в сравнении с показателями условно здоровых лиц. Отмечено значимое повышение уровня периостина в плазме периферической крови у пациентов тяжелой астмой с ФОДП в сравнении, как с показателями пациентов без ФОДП, так и условно здоровыми людьми (p = 0,034). Результаты корреляционного анализа продемонстрировали наличие взаимосвязи умеренной силы между содержанием катепсина S, TGF-β и DPP-4 с Т2-зависимыми цитокинами. Кроме того, отмечено, что катепсин S, TGF-β, DPP-4 и периостин взаимосвязаны между собой и показателями ФВД.Заключение. При вовлечении в воспалительный процесс 3 сигнальных путей отмечается значительное повышение уровней FeNO, эозинофилов и общего IgE в периферической крови. Выявлено значимое повышение уровня периостина в плазме периферической крови у пациентов ТБА с ФОДП, что может свидетельствовать о его роли в развитии Т2 воспаления и ремоделирования ДП.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Aim. To evaluate the characteristics of inflammation in severe bronchial asthma in real-world clinical practice, using the city of Krasnoyarsk as an example.Materials and methods. Eighty patients diagnosed with severe bronchial asthma were examined. Prior to enrollment, all patients had been receiving standard maintenance therapy corresponding to steps 4–5 according to the Russian federal clinical guidelines and exhibited uncontrolled asthma. The general clinical assessment included patient interviews, physical examination, and review of outpatient medical records and hospital discharge summaries. Pulmonary function tests were performed using a whole-body plethysmograph (Erich Eger, Germany). Serum levels of total IgE, interleukins (IL)-5, IL-4, IL-10, IL-9, IL-13, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), periostin, cathepsin S, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) were measured by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) was assessed using the portable analyzer «NObreath» (Bedfont Scientific Limited, UK).Results. Fixed airflow obstruction (FAO) was present in 58% of patients with severe bronchial asthma. Evaluation of T2 inflammation biomarkers revealed that one marker was elevated in 15 (18.7%) patients, two markers in 34 (42.5%), and three markers in 31 (38.7%) patients. In one-third of patients with severe asthma, three T2 biomarkers were simultaneously elevated, which was associated with significantly higher peripheral blood eosinophil counts, total IgE levels, and FeNO values—although no corresponding increase in cytokine levels was observed. Compared to healthy controls, patients with severe asthma demonstrated significantly elevated concentrations of T2-associated cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13), as well as cathepsin S, periostin, and TGF-β. Notably, plasma periostin levels were significantly higher in patients with severe asthma and FAO compared to both those without FAO and healthy controls (p = 0.034). Correlation analysis revealed moderate-strength associations between cathepsin S, TGF-β, and DPP-4 levels and T2 cytokines. Furthermore, cathepsin S, TGF-β, DPP-4, and periostin were interrelated and correlated with lung function parameters.Conclusion. Activation of three T2 inflammatory signaling pathways is associated with markedly elevated FeNO, blood eosinophils, and total IgE. A significant increase in plasma periostin levels in patients with severe asthma and fixed airflow obstruction suggests its potential role in T2 inflammation and airway remodeling.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бронхиальная астма</kwd><kwd>тяжелая астма</kwd><kwd>Т2 воспаление</kwd><kwd>периостин</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bronchial asthma</kwd><kwd>severe asthma</kwd><kwd>T2 inflammation</kwd><kwd>periostin</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Soriano J.B., Abajobir A.A., Abate K.H., Abera S.F., Agrawal A., Ahmed M.B., Aichour A.N., Aichour I., Aichour M.T.E., Alam K., Alam N., Alkaabi J.M., Al-Maskari F., Alvis-Guzman N., Amberbir A., Amoako Y.A., Ansha M.G., Antó J.M., Asayesh H., Atey T.M., Avokpaho E.F.G.A., Barac A., Basu S., Bedi N., Bensenor I.M., Berhane A., Beyene A.S., Bhutta Z.A., Biryukov S., Boneya D.J., Brauer M., Carpenter D.O., Casey D., Christopher D.J., Dandona L., Dandona R., Dharmaratne S.D., Do H.P., Fischer F., Geleto A., Ghoshal A.G., Gillum R.F., Ginawi I.A.M., Gupta V., Hay S.I., Hedayati M.T., Horita N., Hosgood H.D., Jakovljevic M.B., James S.L., Jonas J.B., Kasaeian A., Khader Y.S., Khalil I.A., Khan E.A., Khang Y.-H., Khubchandani J., Knibbs L.D., Kosen S., Koul P.A., Kumar G.A., Leshargie C.T., Liang X., El Razek H.M.A., Majeed A., Malta D.C., Manhertz T., Marquez N., Mehari A., Mensah G.A., Miller T.R., Mohammad K.A., Mohammed K.E., Mohammed S., Mokdad A.H., Naghavi M., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen G., Nguyen Q.L., Nguyen T.H., Ningrum D.N.A., Nong V.M., Obi J.I., Odeyemi Y.E., Ogbo F.A., Oren E., PA M., Park E.-K., Patton G.C., Paulson K., Qorbani M., Quansah R., Rafay A., Rahman M.H.U., Rai R.K., Rawaf S., Reinig N., Safiri S., Sarmiento-Suarez R., Sartorius B., Savic M., Sawhney M., Shigematsu M., Smith M., Tadese F., Thurston G.D., Topor-Madry R., Tran B.X., Ukwaja K.N., van Boven J.F.M., Vlassov V.V., Vollset S.E., Wan X., Werdecker A., Hanson S.W., Yano Y., Yimam H.H., Yonemoto N., Yu C., Zaidi Z., Zaki M.E.S., Murray C.J.L., Vos T. 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