<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cfpd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Бюллетень физиологии и патологии дыхания</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-5029</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36604/1998-5029-2026-99-20-35</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cfpd-1311</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование вариабельности сердечного ритма у пациентов пожилого возраста с хронической обструктивной болезнью легких, находящихся на стационарном лечении в условиях среднегорья</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The study of heart rate variability in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease undergoing inpatient treatment in a mid-mountain environment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беляева</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyayeva</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктория Александровна Беляева, канд. биол. наук, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>отдел биомедицинских технологий; лаборатория хронопатофизиологии и фитофармакологии</p><p>363110; ул. Вильямса, 1; РСО – Алания, Пригородный район, Михайловское</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victoria A. Belyayeva, PhD (Biol.), Senior Staff Scientist</p><p>Department of Biomedical Technologies; Laboratory of Chronopathophysiology and Phytopharmacology</p><p>363110; 1 Vil'yamsa Str.; Republic of North Ossetia-Alania; Mikhaylovskoe</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pursh@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Датиева</surname><given-names>Ф. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Datieva</surname><given-names>F. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фатима Сергеевна Датиева, д-р мед. наук, директор</p><p>363110; ул. Вильямса, 1; РСО – Алания, Пригородный район, Михайловское</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Fatima S. Datieva, MD, PhD, DSc (Med.), Director</p><p>363110; 1 Vil'yamsa Str.; Republic of North Ossetia-Alania; Mikhaylovskoe</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">faaroo@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гагиев</surname><given-names>А. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gagiev</surname><given-names>A. Ch.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алан Хазбиевич Гагиев, врач-пульмонолог</p><p>363203; ул. Ю. Дзтиева, 1; РСО – Алания, Алагирский район, В. Фиагдон</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alan Ch. Gagiev, pulmonologist</p><p>363203; Republic of North Ossetia-Alania; H. Fiagdon</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fiagdon@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт биомедицинских исследований - филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения науки Федерального научного центра «Владикавказский научный центр Российской академии наук»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Biomedical Investigations – the Affiliate of Vladikavkaz Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of&#13;
Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения «Республиканский центр пульмонологической помощи» Министерства здравоохранения Республики Северная Осетия - Алания</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Budgetary Healthcare Institution "Republican Center for Pulmonological Care in Fiagdon" of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>99</issue><fpage>20</fpage><lpage>35</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Беляева В.А., Датиева Ф.С., Гагиев А.Х., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Беляева В.А., Датиева Ф.С., Гагиев А.Х.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Belyayeva V.A., Datieva F.S., Gagiev A.C.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1311">https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1311</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>   Введение</title><p>   Введение. Хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких (ХОБЛ) – заболевание, сопровождающееся нарушениями сердечно-сосудистой системы. Исследование или анализ вариабельности сердечного ритма (ВСР) служит дополнительным критерием оценки функционального статуса больных ХОБЛ.</p></sec><sec><title>   Цель</title><p>   Цель. Изучение показателей ВСР у пациентов пожилого возраста с ХОБЛ в климатотерапевтических условиях среднегорья до и после лечебных мероприятий, проводимых в стационаре.</p></sec><sec><title>   Материалы и методы</title><p>   Материалы и методы. Обследовали 33 пациента в возрасте 67,5 [62,08; 73,98] лет с обострением ХОБЛ, получавших 14 дней стандартную терапию в условиях климатолечебницы на высоте 1342 м н. у. м. ВСР исследовали в день поступления и спустя 10 суток с помощью комплекса «Варикард 2.51» на фоне ортоcтатической пробы.</p></sec><sec><title>   Результаты</title><p>   Результаты. У всех поступивших пациентов была снижена вариативность значений кардиоинтервалов и суммарный эффект вегетативной регуляции кровообращения, данный тренд сохранялся у большинства (n = 24) после лечения. Постуральные реакции пациентов были снижены. После лечения у 9 пациентов возросла вариативность кардиоинтервалов (MxDMn, CV), активность парасимпатического звена регуляции (RMSSD, pNN50) и суммарный эффект вегетативной регуляции кровообращения (SDNN), снизилась степень напряжения регуляторных систем (SI), которые из состояния перенапряжения (ПАРС (показатель активности регуляторных систем) = 7,0 баллов) перешли в состояние функционального напряжения (ПАРС = 4,5 балла), свойственное адаптационно-компенсаторному процессу. У 24 пациентов после лечения фиксировали ригидный ритм, снижение показателей ВСР.</p></sec><sec><title>   Заключение</title><p>   Заключение. После лечения только у 27,3 % пациентов с ХОБЛ наблюдалась положительная динамика параметров ВСР, у 72,7 % достоверных различий не было выявлено, что обусловлено незавершенным периодом акклиматизации связанными с индивидуальными функциональными возможностями организма, специфичными реакциями, возникающими в процессе адаптации, требующими увеличения сроков пребывания пациентов с ХОБЛ в стационаре, расположенном в условиях среднегорья. Определение предикторов, увеличивающих чувствительность к высокогорной климатотерапии, может стать шагом к более глубокому пониманию механизмов ХОБЛ.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>   Introduction</title><p>   Introduction. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is frequently associated with cardiovascular dysfunction. Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis serves as an additional criterion for evaluating the functional status of COPD patients, reflecting the integrated state of autonomic regulation.</p></sec><sec><title>   Aim</title><p>   Aim. To assess HRV parameters in elderly COPD patients undergoing inpatient treatment under middle-mountain climatotherapy conditions before and after a standardized therapeutic course.</p></sec><sec><title>   Materials and methods</title><p>   Materials and methods. Thirty-three patients (median age 67.5 years; IQR 62.08; 73.98) with COPD exacerbation received 14 days of standard therapy at a climatic health resort located at 1,342 m above sea level. HRV was assessed on admission and after 10 days using the “Varicard 2.51” system during an orthostatic test.</p></sec><sec><title>   Results</title><p>   Results. On admission, all patients exhibited reduced heart rate variability and diminished total autonomic regulatory effect on circulation. This pattern persisted in the majority (n = 24) after treatment, and postural responses remained blunted. However, in 9 patients (27.3 %), treatment resulted in increased HRV indices (MxDMn, CV), enhanced parasympathetic activity (RMSSD, pNN50), greater total autonomic modulation (SDNN), and reduced regulatory strain (stress index, SI). Their autonomic status shifted from a state of overstrain (PARS [Index of Regulatory System Activity] = 7.0 points) tofunctional tension (PARS = 4.5 points), characteristic of adaptive–compensatory processes. In contrast, 24 patients (72.7 %) developed rigid heart rhythm with further HRV deterioration post-treatment.</p></sec><sec><title>   Conclusion</title><p>   Conclusion. Positive HRV dynamics following therapy were observed in only 27.3 % of patients; no significant improvement occurred in the remaining 72.7 %. This lack of response is likely due to incomplete acclimatization, influenced by individual functional capacities and specific adaptive reactions. Therefore, extending the duration of inpatient stays in middle-mountain settings appears necessary to achieve full physiological adaptation in COPD patients. Identifying predictors of heightened sensitivity to high-altitude climatotherapy may provide deeper insights into COPD pathophysiology and personalized therapeutic approaches.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких</kwd><kwd>вариабельность сердечного ритма</kwd><kwd>климатотерапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</kwd><kwd>heart rate variability</kwd><kwd>climatotherapy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках НИР ИБМИ ВНЦ РАН № 125030603222-0</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by the SRW IBMI VSC RAS № 125030603222-0</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 2025 Report. URL: https://goldcopd.org/2025-gold-report-2/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 2025 Report. Available at: https://goldcopd.org/2025-gold-report-2/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких. Клинические рекомендации. 2024. URL: https://diseases.medelement.com/disease-хроническая-обструктивная-болезнь-легких-кр-рф-2024/18404#attachments</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clinical guidelines 2021] (in Russian). Available at: https://diseases.medelement.com/disease-хроническая-обструктивная-болезнь-легких-кр-рф-2024/18404#attachments</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кулик Е.Г., Павленко В.И., Нарышкина С.В. Биохимические предикторы развития доклинического артериосклероза у больных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких, перенесших COVID-19 // Бюллетень физиологии и патологии дыхания. 2024. Вып.91. С.34–40. doi: 10.36604/1998-5029-2024-91-34-40</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kulik E.G., Pavlenko V.I., Naryshkina S.V. [Biochemical predictors of preclinical arteriosclerosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after COVID-19]. Bulleten' fiziologii i patologii dyhania = Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration 2023; 91:34–40 (in Russian). doi: 10.36604/1998-5029-2024-91-34-40</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Невзорова В.А., Бродская Т.А., Захарчук Н.В., Кондрашова Е.А. ХОБЛ и АГ: ведущие звенья кардиопульмонального континуума. Владивосток: Медицина ДВ, 2023. 168 с. ISBN: 9785983012776.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nevzorova V.A. Brodskaya T.A., Zakharchuk N.V. [COPD and Hypertension: leading links of the cardiopulmonary continuum]. Vladivostok: Meditsina DV; 2023 (in Russian). ISBN: 9785983012776.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang K., Zheng Z., Li W., Niu H., Lei J., Dong F., Yang T., Wang C. Sociodemographic correlates with prevalence of comorbidities in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a study from a Chinese National Surve // Lancet Reg. Health West Pac. 2023. Vol. 42. Article number: 100937. doi: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100937</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang K., Zheng Z., Li W., Niu H., Lei J., Dong F., Yang T., Wang C. Sociodemographic correlates with prevalence of comorbidities in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a study from a Chinese National Survey. Lancet Reg. Health West Pac. 2023; 42:100937. doi: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100937</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Айсанов З.Р., Чучалин А.Г., Калманова Е.Н. Хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких и сердечно-сосудистая коморбидность // Кардиология. 2019. Т.59, № 8S. С.24–36. doi: 10.18087/cardio.2572</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aisanov Z.R., Chuchalin A.G., Kalmanova E.N. [Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular comorbidity]. Kardiologiya = Kardiologiia 2019; 59(8S):24–36 (in Russian). doi: 10.18087/cardio.2572</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karnati S., Seimetz M., Kleefeldt F., Sonawane A., Madhusudhan T., Bachhuka A., Kosanovic D., Weissmann N., Krüger K., Ergün S. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the cardiovascular system: vascular repair and regeneration as a therapeutic target // Front. Cardiovasc. Med. 2021. Vol. 8. Article number: 649512. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.649512</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karnati S., Seimetz M., Kleefeldt F., Sonawane A., Madhusudhan T., Bachhuka A., Kosanovic D., Weissmann N., Krüger K., Ergün S. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the cardiovascular system: vascular repair and regeneration as a therapeutic target. Front. Cardiovasc. Med. 2021; 8:649512. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.649512</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization. Noncommunicable diseases country profiles. 2018. URL: https://www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncd-profiles-2018/en</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organization. Noncommunicable diseases country profiles. 2018. Available at: https://www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncd-profiles-2018/en.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miller J., Edwards L., Agustí A., Bakke P., Calverley P.M., Celli B., Coxson H.O., Crim C., Lomas D.A., Miller B.E., Rennard S., Silverman E.K., Tal-Singer R., Vestbo J., Wouters E., Yates J.C., Macnee W. Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate Endpoints (ECLIPSE) Investigators. Comorbidity, systemic inflammation and outcomes in the ECLIPSE cohort // Respir. Med. 2013. Vol. 107, № 9. P. 1376–1384. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2013.05.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miller J., Edwards L., Agustí A., Bakke P., Calverley P.M., Celli B., Coxson H.O., Crim C., Lomas D.A., Miller B.E., Rennard S., Silverman E.K., Tal-Singer R., Vestbo J., Wouters E., Yates J.C., Macnee W. Evaluation of COPD longitudinally to identify predictive surrogate endpoints (ECLIPSE) investigators. comorbidity, systemic inflammation and outcomes in the ECLIPSE cohort. Respir. Med. 2013; 107(9):1376–1384. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2013.05.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nevzorova V., Brodskaya T., Zakharchuk N. Smocking, respiratory diseases and endothelial dysfunction. In: Lenasi H., editor. Endothelial dysfunction – old concepts and new challenges. London: IntechOpen, 2018. P. 307–325. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.73555</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nevzorova V., Brodskaya T., Zakharchuk N. Smocking, respiratory diseases and endothelial dysfunction. In: Lenasi H., editor. Endothelial dysfunction – old concepts and new challenges. London: IntechOpen; 2018. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.73555</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яблучанский Н.И., Кантор Б.Я., Мартыненко А.В., Питык А.И. Вариабельность сердечного ритма в клинике. Харьков: Основа, 2001. 189 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yabluchansky N.I., Kantor B.Ya., Martynenko A.V., Pityk A.I. [Heart rate variability in the clinic]. Khar'kov: Osnova; 2001 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баевский Р.М., Иванов Г.Г., Гаврилушкин А.П., Довгалевский П.Я., Кукушкин Ю.А., Миронова Т.Ф., Прилуцкий Д.А., Семенов А.В., Федоров В.Ф., Флейшман А.Н., Медведев М.М., Чирейкин Л.В. Анализ вариабельности сердечного ритма при использовании различных электрокардиографических систем (часть 1) // Вестник аритмологии. 2002. № 24. С. 65–86. EDN: HSPLXF.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baevsky R.M., Ivanov G.G., Gavrilushkin A.P., Dovgalevsky P.Ya., Kukushkin Yu.A., Mironova T.F., Prilutsky D.A., Semenov A.V., Fedorov V.F., Fleishman A.N., Medvedev M.M., Chireikin L.V. [Analysis of heart rate variability when using various electrocardiographic systems (part 1)]. Vestnik aritmologii = Journal of Arrhytmology 2002; 24:65–86 (in Russian). EDN: HSPLXF.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузьменко Н.В., Цырлин В.А., Плисс М.Г. К вопросу интерпретации частотных компонентов спектра вариабельности сердечного ритма // Трансляционная медицина. 2022. Т. 9, № 3. С. 35–58. doi: 10.18705/2311-4495-2022-9-3-35-58</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuzmenko N.V., Tsyrlin V.A., Pliss M.G. [To the interpretation of frequency components of the heart rate variability]. Translyatsionnaya meditsina = Translational Medicine 2021; 9(3):35–58 (in Russian). doi: 10.18705/2311-4495-2022-9-3-35-58</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абросимов В.Н., Косяков А.В., Пономарева И.Б., Перегудова Н.Н. Новые подходы к оценке функционального статуса пациентов с хронической обструктивной болезнью легких // Пульмонология. 2020. Т. 30, № 1. С. 53–60. doi: 10.18093/0869-0189-2020-30-1-53-60</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abrosimov V.N., Kosyakov A.V., Ponomareva I.B., Peregudova N.N. [New approaches to assessing the functional status of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. Pulmonologiya = Pulmonology 2020; 30(1):53–60 (in Russian). doi: 10.18093/0869-0189-2020-30-1-53-60</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kubincová A., Takáč P., Demjanovič Kendrová L., Joppa P. Predictors of quality-of-life improvement at different minimum clinically important difference values in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after climatic rehabilitation treatment // Life (Basel). 2023. Vol. 13, № 8. Article number: 1763. doi: 10.3390/life13081763</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kubincová A., Takáč P., Demjanovič Kendrová L., Joppa P. Predictors of quality-of-life improvement at different minimum clinically important difference values in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after climatic rehabilitation treatment. Life (Basel) 2023; 13(8):1763. doi: 10.3390/life13081763</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vinnikov D., Khafagy A., Blanc P.D., Brimkulov N., Steinmaus C. High-altitude alpine therapy and lung function in asthma : systematic review and meta-analysis // ERJ Open Res. 2016. Vol. 2, № 2. Article number: 00097-2015. doi: 10.1183/23120541.00097-2015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vinnikov D., Khafagy A., Blanc P.D., Brimkulov N., Steinmaus C. High-altitude alpine therapy and lung function in asthma : systematic review and meta-analysis. ERJ Open Res. 2016; 2(2):00097-2015. doi: 10.1183/23120541.00097-2015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gvozdjáková A., Sumbalová Z., Kucharská J., Rausová Z., Kovalˇcíková E., Takácsová T., Navas P., López-Lluch G., Mojto V., Palacka P. Mountain spa rehabilitation improved health of patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome: pilot study // Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2022. Vol. 30, № 6. Р. 14200–14211. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-22949-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gvozdjaková A., Sumbalova Z., Kucharska J., Rausova Z., Kovalˇcíková E., Takacsova T., Navas P., Lopez-Lluch G., Mojto V., Palacka P. Mountain spa rehabilitation improved health of patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome: pilot study. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2022; 30(6):14200–14211. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-22949-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sumbalova Z., Kucharska J., Rausova Z., Palacka P., Kovalcíkova E., Takacsova T., Mojto V., Navas P., Lopez-Lluch G., Gvozdjakova A. Reduced platelet mitochondrial respiration and oxidative phosphorylation in patients with post COVID-19 syndrome are regenerated after spa rehabilitation and targeted ubiquinol therapy // Front. Mol. Biosci. 2022. Vol. 9. Article number: 1016352. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1016352</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sumbalova Z., Kucharska J., Rausova Z., Palacka P., Kovalciková E., Takacsova T., Mojto V., Navas P., Lopez-Lluch G., Gvozdjakova A. Reduced platelet mitochondrial respiration and oxidative phosphorylation in patients with post COVID-19 syndrome are regenerated after spa rehabilitation and targeted ubiquinol therapy. Front. Mol. Biosci. 2022; 9:1016352. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1016352</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kappen J.H., In't Veen J.C.C.M., Braunstahl G.J. High-altitude treatment in severe asthma: Effective and needed in an era of precision medicine // Neth. J. Med. 2018. Vol. 76, № 5. Р. 205–206.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kappen J.H., In't Veen J.C.C.M., Braunstahl G.J. High-altitude treatment in severe asthma: Effective and needed in an era of precision medicine. Neth. J. Med. 2018; 76(5):205–206.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hashimoto S., Rijssenbeek-Nouwens L.H., Fieten K.B., Weersink E.J., Bel E.H. Predictors of benefit from high-altitude climate therapy in adults with severe asthma // Neth. J. Med. 2018. Vol. 76, № 5. Р. 218–225.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hashimoto S., Rijssenbeek-Nouwens L.H., Fieten K.B., Weersink E.J., Bel E.H. Predictors of benefit from high-altitude climate therapy in adults with severe asthma. Neth. J. Med. 2018; 76(5):218–225.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бокша В.Г. Справочник по климатотерапии. Киев, Здоровья, 1989. 203 c. ISBN: 5-311-00337-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boksha V.G. [Handbook of Climatotherapy]. Kyiv, Zdorovya, 1989 (in Russian). ISBN 5-311-00337-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Киселев А.Р., Араблинский Н.А., Миронов С.А., Уметов М.А., Бернс С.А., Явелов И.С., Драпкина О.М. Физиологические и патофизиологические аспекты краткосрочной адаптации человека к условиям среднегорья // Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2022. Т. 21, № 8. С. 97–105. doi: 10.15829/1728-8800-2022-3306</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kiselev A.R., Arablinsky N.A., Mironov S.A., Umetov M.A., Berns S.A., Yavelov I.S., Drapkina O.M. [Physiological and pathophysiological aspects of short-term middle-altitude adaptation in humans]. Kardiovaskulayrnaya terapiya i profilaktika = Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention 2022; 21(8):97–105 (in Russian). doi: 10.15829/1728-8800-2022-3306</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shaffer F., Ginsberg J.P. An overview of heart rate variability metrics and norms // Front. Public Health. 2017. Vol. 5. Article number: 258. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00258</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shaffer F., Ginsberg J.P. An overview of heart rate variability metrics and norms. Front. Public Health. 2017; 5:258. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00258</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Датиева Ф.С., Беляева В.А., Дзампаева Ж.В., Такоева Е.А., Нартикоева М.И., Датиева Л.Р. Дизрегуляторные аспекты в патогенезе нарушений сердечно-сосудистой системы. Возможности коррекции фитоадаптогенами: экспериментально-клинические исследования / под ред. Н.М. Бурдули. Владикавказ: ИП Цопанова А.Ю., 2022. 308 с. ISBN: 978-5-00081-526-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Datieva F.S., Belyaeva V.A., Dzampaeva Zh.V., Takoeva E.A., Nartikoeva M.I., Datieva L.R. [Dysregulatory aspects in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders. Possibilities of correction with phytoadaptogens: experimental and clinical studies]. Vladikavkaz: IP Tsopanova A.Yu.; 2022 (in Russian). ISBN: 978-5-00081-526-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Флейшман А.Н. Вариабельность ритма сердца и медленные колебания гемодинамики. Нелинейные феномены в клинической практике. Новосибирск: Изд-во СО РАН, 2009. 194 с. ISBN: 978-5-7692-1079-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fleishman A.N. [Heart rate variability and slow hemodynamic oscillations. Nonlinear phenomena in clinical practice]. Novosibirsk: Isdatel'stvo SO RAN; 2009 (in Russian). ISBN: 978-5-7692-1079-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шлык Н.И. Вариабельность сердечного ритма и методы ее определения у спортсменов в тренировочном процессе : методическое пособие. Ижевск: Удмуртский государственный университет, 2022. 80 с. EDN: YPJKKY.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shlyk N.I. [Heart rate variability and methods for its determination in athletes during the training process: a methodological guide]. Izhevsk: Udmurskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet; 2022 (in Russian). EDN: YPJKKY.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jensen-Urstad K., Storck N., Bouvier F., Ericson M., Lindblad L.E., Jensen-Urstad M. Heart rate variability in healthy subjects is related to age and gender // Acta Physiol. Scand. 1997. Vol. 160, № 3. С. 235–241. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-201X.1997.00142.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jensen-Urstad K., Storck N., Bouvier F., Ericson M., Lindblad L.E., Jensen-Urstad M. Heart rate variability in healthy subjects is related to age and gender. Acta Physiol. Scand. 1997; 160(3):235–241. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-201X.1997.00142.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rabe K.F., Hurst J.R., Suissa S. Cardiovascular disease and COPD: dangerous liaisons? // Eur. Respir. Rev. 2018. Vol. 27, № 149. Article number: 180057. doi: 10.1183/16000617.0057-2018. Erratum in: Eur. Respir. Rev. 2018. Vol. 27, № 150: Article number: 185057. doi: 10.1183/16000617.5057-2018</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rabe K.F., Hurst J.R., Suissa S. Cardiovascular disease and COPD: dangerous liaisons? Eur. Respir. Rev. 2018; 27(149):180057. doi: 10.1183/16000617.0057-2018. Erratum in: Eur. Respir. Rev. 2018; 27(150):185057. doi: 10.1183/16000617.5057-2018</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lu W., Aarsand R., Schotte K., Han J., Lebedeva E., Tsoy E., Maglakelidze N., Soriano J.B., Bill W., Halpin D.M.G., Rivera M.P., Fong K.M., Kathuria H., Yorgancıoğlu A., Gappa M., Lam D.C., Rylance S., Sohal S.S. Tobacco and COPD: presenting the World Health Organization (WHO) Tobacco Knowledge Summary // Respir. Res. 2024. Vol. 25, № 1. Article number: 338. doi: 10.1186/s12931-024-02961-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lu W., Aarsand R., Schotte K., Han J., Lebedeva E., Tsoy E., Maglakelidze N., Soriano J.B., Bill W., Halpin D.M.G., Rivera M.P., Fong K.M., Kathuria H., Yorgancıoğlu A., Gappa M., Lam D.C., Rylance S., Sohal S.S. Tobacco and COPD: presenting the World Health Organization (WHO) Tobacco Knowledge Summary. Respir. Res. 2024; 25(1):338. doi: 10.1186/s12931-024-02961-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martínez-Gestoso S., García-Sanz M.T., Carreira J.M., Salgado F.J., Calvo-Álvarez U., Doval-Oubiña L., Camba-Matos S., Peleteiro-Pedraza L., González-Pérez M.A., Penela-Penela P., Vilas-Iglesias A., González-Barcala F.J. Impact of anxiety and depression on the prognosis of COPD exacerbations // BMC Pulm. Med. 2022; Vol. 22, № 1. Article number: 169. doi: 10.1186/s12890-022-01934-y. Erratum in: BMC Pulm. Med. 2022. Vol. 22, № 1. Article number: 213. doi: 10.1186/s12890-022-01999-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martínez-Gestoso S., García-Sanz M.T., Carreira J.M., Salgado F.J., Calvo-Álvarez U., Doval-Oubiña L., Camba-Matos S., Peleteiro-Pedraza L., González-Pérez M.A., Penela-Penela P., Vilas-Iglesias A., González-Barcala F.J. Impact of anxiety and depression on the prognosis of COPD exacerbations. BMC Pulm. Med. 2022; 22(1):169. doi: 10.1186/s12890-022-01934-y. Erratum in: BMC Pulm. Med. 2022; 22(1):213. doi: 10.1186/s12890-022-01999-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barutcu I., Esen A.M., Kaya D., Turkmen M., Karakaya O., Melek M., Esen O.B., Basaran Y. Cigarette smoking and heart rate variability: dynamic influence of parasympathetic and sympathetic maneuvers // Ann. Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2005. Vol. 10, № 3. P. 324–329. doi: 10.1111/j.1542-474X.2005.00636.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barutcu I., Esen A.M., Kaya D., Turkmen M., Karakaya O., Melek M., Esen O.B., Basaran Y. Cigarette smoking and heart rate variability: dynamic influence of parasympathetic and sympathetic maneuvers. Ann. Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2005; 10(3):324–329. doi: 10.1111/j.1542-474X.2005.00636.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barantke M., Krauss T., Ortak J., Lieb W., Reppel M., Burgdorf C., Pramstaller P.P., Schunkert H., Bonnemeier H. Effects of gender and aging on differential autonomic responses to orthostatic maneuvers // J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. 2008. Vol. 19, № 12. P. 1296–1303. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-8167.2008.01257.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barantke M., Krauss T., Ortak J., Lieb W., Reppel M., Burgdorf C., Pramstaller P.P., Schunkert H., Bonnemeier H. Effects of gender and aging on differential autonomic responses to orthostatic maneuvers. J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. 2008; 19(12):1296–1303. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-8167.2008.01257.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Милащенко А.И., Андреев А.Н., Миронов В.А., Попов В.А., Миронова Т.Ф. Ритмокардиографическое исследование вариабельности ритма сердца у пациентов с хронической обструктивной болезнью легких // Уральский медицинский журнал. 2020. № 7(190). С. 60–63. doi: 10.25694/URMJ.2020.07.40</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Milashchenko A.I., Andreev A.N., Mironov V.A., Popov A.A., Mironova T.F. [The assessment of heart rate variability by rhythmocardiography in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. Ural'skiy meditsinskiy zhurnal = Ural Medical Journal 2020; 07(190):60–63. doi: 10.25694/URMJ.2020.07.40</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tseng C.Y., Chang J.C., Chen Y.C., Huang H.H., Lin C.S., How C.K., Yen D.H. Changes of heart rate variability predicting patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease requiring hospitalization after ED treatment // J. Chin. Med. Assoc. 2018. Vol. 81, № 1. Р. 47–52. doi: 10.1016/j.jcma.2017.10.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tseng C.Y., Chang J.C., Chen Y.C., Huang H.H., Lin C.S., How C.K., Yen D.H. Changes of heart rate variability predicting patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease requiring hospitalization after ED treatment. J. Chin. Med. Assoc. 2018; 81(1):47–52. doi: 10.1016/j.jcma.2017.10.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alqahtani J.S., Aldhahir A.M., Alghamdi S.M., Al Ghamdi S.S., Al Draiwiesh I.A., Alsulayyim A.S., Alqahtani A.S., Alobaidi N.Y., Al Saikhan L., Al Rabeeah S.M., Alzahrani E.M., Heubel A.D., Mendes R.G., Alqarni A.A., Alanazi A.M., Oyelade T. A systematic review and meta-analysis of heart rate variability in COPD // Front. Cardiovasc. Med. 2023. Vol. 10. Article number: 1070327. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1070327</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alqahtani J.S., Aldhahir A.M., Alghamdi S.M., Al Ghamdi S.S., Al Draiwiesh I.A., Alsulayyim A.S., Alqahtani A.S., Alobaidi N.Y., Al Saikhan L., Al Rabeeah S.M., Alzahrani E.M., Heubel A.D., Mendes R.G., Alqarni A.A., Alanazi A.M., Oyelade T. A systematic review and meta-analysis of heart rate variability in COPD. Front. Cardiovasc. Med. 2023; 10:1070327. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1070327</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu D.W., Chang L.H., Yang P.C., Kuo T.Y., Tsai D.L., Chen H.C., Yuan H.L., Chen P.S., Chen S.C., Lin I.M. Anxiety is a mediator between heart rate variability and quality of life in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease // J. Pers. Med. 2022. Vol. 12, № 6. Article number: 960. doi: 10.3390/jpm12060960</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu D.W., Chang L.H., Yang P.C., Kuo T.Y., Tsai D.L., Chen H.C., Yuan H.L., Chen P.S., Chen S.C., Lin I.M. Anxiety is a mediator between heart rate variability and quality of life in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J. Pers. Med. 2022; 12(6):960. doi: 10.3390/jpm12060960</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Markov A., Solonin I., Bojko E. Heart rate variability in workers of various professions in contrasting seasons of the year // Int. J. Occup. Med. Environ Health. 2016. Vol. 29, № 5. Р. 793–800. doi: 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.00276</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Markov A., Solonin I., Bojko E. Heart rate variability in workers of various professions in contrasting seasons of the year. Int. J. Occup. Med. Environ Health. 2016; 29(5):793–800. doi: 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.00276</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">MacDonald D.M., Mkorombindo T., Ling S.X., Adabag S., Casaburi R., Connett J.E., Helgeson E.S., Porszasz J., Rossiter H.B., Stringer W.W., Voelker H., Zhao D., Dransfield M.T., Kunisaki K.M. Heart rate variability on 10-second electrocardiogram and risk of acute exacerbation of COPD: a secondary analysis of the BLOCK COPD trial // Chron. Obstr. Pulm. Dis. 2022. Vol. 9, № 2. Р. 226–236. doi: 10.15326/jcopdf.2021.0264</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">MacDonald D.M., Mkorombindo T., Ling S.X., Adabag S., Casaburi R., Connett J.E., Helgeson E.S., Porszasz J., Rossiter H.B., Stringer W.W., Voelker H., Zhao D., Dransfield M.T., Kunisaki K.M. Heart rate variability on 10-second electrocardiogram and risk of acute exacerbation of COPD: A secondary analysis of the BLOCK COPD trial. Chron. Obstr. Pulm. Dis. 2022; 9(2):226–236. doi: 10.15326/jcopdf.2021.0264</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Юсупалиева М.М., Юсупалиев А.У. Климатолечение депрессивных состояний у больных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких // Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2016. Т. 116, № 11. С. 106–109. doi: 10.17116/jnevro2016116111106-109</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yusupalieva M.M., Yusupaliev A.U. [The climatotherapy of depressive states in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. Zhurnal nevrologii i gsichiatrii imeny S.S. Korsakova = S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry 2016; 116(11):106–109 (in Russian). doi: 10.17116/jnevro2016116111106-109</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schwarz E.I., Latshang T.D., Furian M., Flück D., Segitz S., Müller-Mottet S., Ulrich S., Bloch K.E., Kohler M. Blood pressure response to exposure to moderate altitude in patients with COPD // Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis. 2019. Vol. 14. Р. 659–666. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S194426</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schwarz E.I., Latshang T.D., Furian M., Flück D., Segitz S., Müller-Mottet S., Ulrich S., Bloch K.E., Kohler M. Blood pressure response to exposure to moderate altitude in patients with COPD. Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis. 2019; 14:659–666. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S194426</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
