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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cfpd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Бюллетень физиологии и патологии дыхания</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-5029</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36604/1998-5029-2026-100-56-65</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cfpd-1343</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Фенотип моноцитов периферической крови пациентов молодого возраста с COVID-19 и развившейся сердечно-сосудистой патологией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Phenotype of peripheral blood monocytes in young patients with COVID-19 and developed cardiovascular pathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0854-2990</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шульга</surname><given-names>А. C.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shulga</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Сергеевич Шульга, врач-сердечно-сосудистый хирург, клиника кардиохирургии; соискатель ученой степени кандидата наук, лаборатория механизмов этиопатогенеза и восстановительных процессов дыхательной системы при неспецифических заболеваниях легких</p><p>675000, г. Благовещенск, ул. Горького, 95</p><p>675000, г. Благовещенск, ул. Калинина, 22 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey S. Shulga, MD, Cardiovascular Surgeon of Cardiac Surgery Clinic; PhD Candidate, Laboratory of Mechanisms of Etiopathogenesis and Recovery Processes of the Respiratory System at Non-Specific Lung Diseases</p><p>95 Gor'kogo Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000 22 Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mig2994@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0212-0201</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андриевская</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andrievskaya</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Анатольевна Андриевская, д-р биол. наук, профессор РАН, зав. лабораторией механизмов этиопатогенеза и восстановительных процессов дыхательной системы при неспецифических заболеваниях лёгких</p><p>675000, г. Благовещенск, ул. Калинина, 22 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina A. Andrievskaya, PhD, D.Sc. (Biol.), Professor RAS, Head of Laboratory of Mechanisms of Etiopathogenesis and Recovery Processes of the Respiratory System</p><p>22 Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irina-andrievskaja@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8329-3237</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лязгиян</surname><given-names>К. C.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyazgyan</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Карен Саргисович Лязгиян, младший научный сотрудник, лаборатория механизмов этиопатогенеза и восстановительных процессов дыхательной системы при неспецифических заболеваниях лёгких</p><p>675000, г. Благовещенск, ул. Калинина, 22 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Karen S. Lyazgyan, MD, Junior Staff Scientist, Laboratory of Mechanisms of Etiopathogenesis and Recovery Processes of the Respiratory System in Nonspecific Lung Diseases</p><p>22 Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lyazgiyankaren@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Амурская государственная медицинская академия» Министерства здравоохранения Российской̆ Федерации ; Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Amur State Medical Academy; Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>100</issue><fpage>56</fpage><lpage>65</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шульга А.C., Андриевская И.А., Лязгиян К.C., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шульга А.C., Андриевская И.А., Лязгиян К.C.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shulga A.S., Andrievskaya I.A., Lyazgyan K.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1343">https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1343</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Пандемия COVID-19 показала высокую частоту внелегочных осложнений, среди которых лидируют кардио- и цереброваскулярные события. Особую значимость приобретает рост числа тяжелых сердечно-сосудистых патологий у пациентов молодого возраста без кардиального анамнеза.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучить особенности фенотипа моноцитов периферической крови у пациентов молодого возраста (18–45 лет) с COVID- 19 и развившейся сердечно-сосудистой патологией (острый инфаркт миокарда, острое нарушение мозгового кровообращения).</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В проспективное исследование были включены 202 человека: 28 условно здоровых лиц (контрольная группа), 143 пациента с лабораторно подтверждённой новой коронавирусной инфекцией без осложнений, 19 – с острым инфарктом миокарда и 12 – с острым нарушением мозгового кровообращения. Иммунофенотипирование проводили методом многопараметрической проточной цитометрии с определением экспрессии маркеров CD14, HLA-DR, CD11b, CD206, FcγRII, TNFR1, TNFR2, CD68, TRAIL и TGFβ1. Статистическую обработку данных выполняли с применением непараметрического критерия Краскела-Уоллиса.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. У пациентов с COVID-19 выявлялось достоверное снижение экспрессии HLA-DR на моноцитах 79,0 (76,0; 83,7)% против 93,4 (90,9; 96,6)% в группе контроля (p &lt; 0,001) и прогрессирующее повышение маркера альтернативной активации CD206 (p &lt; 0,001). Был зафиксирован дисбаланс рецепторов TNF-α: избирательное повышение уровня TNFR1 при остром инфаркте миокарда и стабильный рост экспрессии TNFR2 относительно контроля (p &lt; 0,001). Уровни TRAIL и TGFβ1 были достоверно повышены во всех группах пациентов, перенесших COVID-19, достигая максимума при сосудистых осложнениях (p &lt; 0,001).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Новая коронавирусная инфекция у молодых пациентов индуцирует стойкую дисрегуляцию моноцитарного фенотипа, проявляющуюся снижением экспрессии молекул главного комплекса гистосовместимости II класса, сдвигом в сторону репаративно-фибротического профиля и дисбалансом про- и противовоспалительных рецепторов. Выявленные изменения фенотипа моноцитов могут рассматриваться как дифференциальные иммунологические маркеры, ассоциированные с развитием острых сердечно-сосудистых и цереброваскулярных осложнений.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed a high incidence of extrapulmonary complications, with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events being the most prevalent. Of particular concern is the rising number of severe cardiovascular pathologies in young patients without prior cardiac history.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To investigate the phenotypic characteristics of peripheral blood monocytes in young patients (18–45 years) with COVID-19 and subsequent cardiovascular pathology (acute myocardial infarction or acute cerebrovascular accident).</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A prospective study included 202 participants: 28 apparently healthy individuals (control group), 143 patients with laboratory-confirmed SARSCoV-2 infection without complications, 19 with acute myocardial infarction, and 12 with acute cerebrovascular accident. Immunophenotyping was performed using multiparameter flow cytometry to assess the expression of CD14, HLA-DR, CD11b, CD206, FcγRII, TNFR1, TNFR2, CD68, TRAIL, and TGFβ1. Statistical analysis was carried out using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Patients with COVID-19 exhibited significantly reduced HLA-DR expression on monocytes–79.0 (76.0; 83.7)% compared to 93.4 (90.9; 96.6)% in controls (p &lt; 0.001)–alongside a progressive increase in the alternative activation marker CD206 (p &lt; 0.001). A TNF-α receptor imbalance was observed: selective elevation of TNFR1 specifically in acute myocardial infarction and consistently increased TNFR2 expression across all patient groups relative to controls (p &lt; 0.001). Levels of TRAIL and TGFβ1 were significantly elevated in all post-COVID patient groups, reaching their highest values in those with vascular complications (p &lt; 0.001).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. In young patients, SARSCoV-2 infection induces persistent dysregulation of the monocyte phenotype, characterized by reduced expression of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules, a shift toward a reparative-fibrotic profile, and an imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory receptors. These phenotypic alterations may serve as differential immunological markers associated with the development of acute cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>моноциты</kwd><kwd>фенотип</kwd><kwd>проточная цитометрия</kwd><kwd>новая коронавирусная инфекция</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистые осложнения</kwd><kwd>молодые пациенты</kwd><kwd>иммунное воспаление</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>monocytes</kwd><kwd>phenotype</kwd><kwd>flow cytometry</kwd><kwd>coronavirus disease 2019</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular complications</kwd><kwd>young patients</kwd><kwd>immune inflammation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Long B., Brady W.J., Koyfman A., Gottlieb M. Cardiovascular complications of COVID-19 // Am. J. Emerg. Med. 2020. Vol.38, №7. 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