cfpdБюллетень физиологии и патологии дыханияBulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration1998-5029Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания10.36604/1998-5029-2026-100-156-165cfpd-1353Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSРеспираторные вирусные инфекции и холодRespiratory viral infections and coldПриходькоА. Г.PrikhodkoА. G.

Анна Григорьевна Приходько, д-р мед. наук, главный научный сотрудник, лаборатория функциональных методов исследования дыхательной системы

675000, г. Благовещенск, ул. Калинина, 22 

Аnnа G. Prikhodko, MD, PhD (Med.), DSc (Med.), Main Staff Scientist, Laboratory of Functional Research of Respiratory System

22 Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000 

prih-anya@ya.ruПерельманЮ. М.PerelmanJ. M.

Юлий Михайлович Перельман, член-корреспондент РАН, д-р мед. наук, профессор, зав. лабораторией функциональных методов исследования дыхательной системы

675000, г. Благовещенск, ул. Калинина, 22 

Juliy M. Perelman, MD, PhD (Med.), DSc (Med.), Corresponding Member of RAS, Professor, Head of Laboratory of Functional Research of Respiratory System

22 Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000 

jperelman@mail.ruКолосовВ. П.KolosovV. P.

Виктор Павлович Колосов, академик РАН, д-р мед. наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник, лаборатория функциональных методов исследования дыхательной системы

675000, г. Благовещенск, ул. Калинина, 22 

Victor P. Kolosov, MD, PhD (Med.), DSc (Med.), Academician of RAS, Professor, Main Staff Scientist, Laboratory of Functional Research of Respiratory System

22 Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000 

kolosov.53@inbox.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания»Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration2026160620260100156165Copyright © Приходько А.Г., Перельман Ю.М., Колосов В.П., 20262026Приходько А.Г., Перельман Ю.М., Колосов В.П.Prikhodko А.G., Perelman J.M., Kolosov V.P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1353

Вирусы человека вызывают целый спектр респираторных заболеваний от обычной простуды до развития пневмонии и тяжелого острого респираторного синдрома. Важным условием, определяющим исход болезни, является характер врожденного иммунного ответа субъекта, обусловленный различными внешними причинами, например, встречаемым вирусом, сезоном года с длительным воздействием низкотемпературного воздуха, а также эндогенными факторами – восприимчивостью самого организма к инфицированию, имеющимися на тот момент хроническими заболеваниями органов дыхания, тяжестью нарушений неспецифических защитных механизмов респираторного тракта, иммунодефицитными состояниями, экспрессией генов, повышающих уязвимость как к основному заболеванию, так и к вирусной инвазии, а также их апрегуляцией на фоне локального охлаждения дыхательных путей. В обзоре представлен анализ данных научной литературы по распространенности, некоторым противовирусным механизмам защиты и условиям повышенной восприимчивости к вирусным инфекциям верхних дыхательных путей, связанным с охлаждением.

Human viruses cause a wide range of respiratory diseases, from the common cold to pneumonia and severe acute respiratory syndrome. A key factor determining the outcome of the disease is the nature of the subject's innate immune response, which is influenced by various external factors, such as the virus encountered, the season of the year with prolonged exposure to low temperatures, endogenous factors such as the body's susceptibility to infection, existing chronic respiratory diseases, the severity of non-specific respiratory defense mechanisms, immunodeficiency states, and the expression of genes that increase vulnerability to both the underlying disease and viral invasion, as well as their upregulation against the background of local cooling of the respiratory tract. This review presents an analysis of scientific literature data on the prevalence, some antiviral defense mechanisms, and conditions of increased susceptibility to viral upper respiratory tract infections associated with cooling.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.