cfpdБюллетень физиологии и патологии дыханияBulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration1998-5029Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания10.36604/1998-5029-2026-100-166-180cfpd-1354Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSМетодологические подходы к оценке и особенности качества жизни у детей с бронхиальной астмойMethodological approaches to assessment and features of quality of life in children with bronchial asthmaПерельманН. Л.PerelmanN. L.

Наталья Львовна Перельман, д-р мед. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, лаборатория молекулярных и трансляционных исследований

675000, г. Благовещенск, ул. Калинина, 22 

Natalia L. Perelman, MD, PhD, DSc (Med.), Leading Staff Scientist, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Research

22 Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000 

lvovna63@bk.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания»Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration2026160620260100166180Copyright © Перельман Н.Л., 20262026Перельман Н.Л.Perelman N.L.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1354

Цель настоящего обзора – проследить влияние физиологических, психологических и социокультурных детерминант на качество жизни (КЖ) детей, больных бронхиальной астмой. В статье систематизированы актуальные данные о методологических подходах к оценке связанного со здоровьем КЖ у детей с бронхиальной астмой. Подробно описан современный инструментарий в виде общих и специфичных вопросников, подчеркнута необходимость взаимосвязанной оценки КЖ родителей и опекунов больных детей. Обсуждены результаты многочисленных исследований по различным аспектам КЖ детей с астмой, включая рандомизированные контролируемые клинические исследования. Выделены ключевые факторы, влияющие на КЖ. Особое внимание уделено психологическим аспектам болезни в детском и подростковом возрасте, определяющим формирование уровня КЖ. Подчеркнуто, что наличие негативных психологических и социокультурных факторов оказывает значительное влияние на КЖ детей. Дети с бронхиальной астмой чаще, чем здоровые дети, страдают ожирением или избыточным весом, имеют нарушения качества сна, как правило, хуже учатся и имеют более низкий социально-экономический статус семьи. Неблагополучные семейные и социальные отношения негативно влияют на контроль заболевания и КЖ. Важным фактором, потенциально влияющим на КЖ детей с бронхиальной астмой, является приверженность лечению, повышение уровня которого с помощью образовательных программ и письменных планов ведения больных имеет решающее значение для достижения контроля над болезнью и всестороннего улучшения КЖ.

The aim of the review is to analyze how physiological, psychological, and sociocultural factors influence the quality of life (QoL) in children with asthma. The review systematizes current data on methodological approaches to assessing health-related QoL in children with asthma, and provides a detailed overview of current tools, including general and specific questionnaires, emphasizing the importance of a comprehensive assessment of QoL in parents and caregivers. It discusses results from numerous studies, including randomized controlled trials that examine various aspects of QoL in children with asthma. The review highlights key factors that affect QoL. Special attention is given to psychological aspects of the disease during childhood and adolescence, which play a critical role in QoL formation. It is emphasized that negative psychological and sociocultural factors have a significant impact on QoL in children. Children with asthma are more likely to be obese or overweight and have poor sleep quality, tend to have poorer academic performance and lower socioeconomic status than healthy children. Unfavorable family and social relationships negatively influence disease control and QoL. The review identifies treatment adherence as a crucial factor for improving QoL. Enhancing adherence through educational programs and written management plans is vital for better disease control and overall QoL improvement.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.