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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cfpd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Бюллетень физиологии и патологии дыхания</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-5029</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36604/1998-5029-2026-101-104-114</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cfpd-1370</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Экспрессия паттерн-распознающих рецепторов в назальном эпителии больных бронхиальной астмой при локальном охлаждении</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Expression of pattern recognition receptors in the nasal epithelium of patients with asthma during local cooling</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сугайло</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sugaylo</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ивана Юрьевна Сугайло, канд. мед. наук, научный сотрудник</p><p>лаборатория молекулярных и трансляционных исследований</p><p>675000; ул. Калинина, 22; Благовещенск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivana Yu. Sugaylo, MD, PhD (Med.), Staff Scientist</p><p>Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Research</p><p>675000; 22 Kalinina Str.; Blagoveshchensk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivanka_888@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Наумов</surname><given-names>Д. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Naumov</surname><given-names>D. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Денис Евгеньевич Наумов, канд. мед. наук, зав. лабораторией</p><p>лаборатория молекулярных и трансляционных исследований</p><p>675000; ул. Калинина, 22; Благовещенск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis E. Naumov, MD, PhD (Med.), Head of Laboratory</p><p>Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Research</p><p>675000; 22 Kalinina Str.; Blagoveshchensk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">denn1985@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гассан</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gassan</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дина Анатольевна Гассан, канд. мед. наук, зав. лабораторией</p><p>лаборатория механизмов вирус-ассоциированных патологий развития</p><p>675000; ул. Калинина, 22; Благовещенск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dina A. Gassan, MD, PhD (Med.), Head of Laboratory</p><p>Laboratory of Mechanisms of Virus-Associated Developmental Pathologies</p><p>675000; 22 Kalinina Str.; Blagoveshchensk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">danishi@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Некрасова</surname><given-names>О. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nekrasova</surname><given-names>O. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Олеся Олеговна Некрасова, канд. мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>лаборатория механизмов вирус-ассоциированных патологий развития</p><p>675000; ул. Калинина, 22; Благовещенск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olesya O. Nekrasova, MD, PhD (Med.), Senior Staff Scientist</p><p>Laboratory of Mechanisms of Virus-Associated Developmental Pathologies</p><p>675000; 22 Kalinina Str.; Blagoveshchensk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">foxy_voxy_on@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перельман</surname><given-names>Ю. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Perelman</surname><given-names>J. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлий Михайлович Перельман, член-корреспондент РАН, д-р мед. наук, профессор, зам. директора по научной работе, зав. лабораторией</p><p>лаборатория функциональных методов исследования дыхательной системы</p><p>675000; ул. Калинина, 22; Благовещенск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Juliy M. Perelman, MD, PhD, DSc (Med.), Corresponding Member of RAS, Professor, Deputy Director on Scientific Work, Head of Laboratory</p><p>Laboratory of Functional Research of Respiratory System</p><p>675000; 22 Kalinina Str.; Blagoveshchensk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jperelman@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колосов</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolosov</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктор Павлович Колосов, академик РАН, д-р мед. наук, профессор, научный руководитель</p><p>675000; ул. Калинина, 22; Благовещенск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victor P. Kolosov, MD, PhD, DSc (Med.), Academician of RAS, Professor, Scientific Director</p><p>675000; 22 Kalinina Str.; Blagoveshchensk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kolosov@amur.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>101</issue><elocation-id>104--114</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сугайло И.Ю., Наумов Д.Е., Гассан Д.А., Некрасова О.О., Перельман Ю.М., Колосов В.П., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сугайло И.Ю., Наумов Д.Е., Гассан Д.А., Некрасова О.О., Перельман Ю.М., Колосов В.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sugaylo I.Y., Naumov D.E., Gassan D.A., Nekrasova O.O., Perelman J.M., Kolosov V.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1370">https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1370</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>   Введение</title><p>   Введение. Респираторные вирусы служат главным триггером обострений бронхиальной астмы (БА), а их первичная детекция организмом зависит от паттерн-распознающих рецепторов (PRR) слизистой оболочки. Верхние дыхательные пути первыми контактируют с инфекционными агентами и холодным воздухом, однако влияние локального охлаждения на экспрессию генов PRR у больных БА остается неизученным.</p></sec><sec><title>   Цель</title><p>   Цель. Оценить изменение экспрессии генов PRR (TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, DDX58/RIGI, IFIH1/MDA5 и DHX58/LGP2) на уровне мРНК в назальном эпителии больных БА в ответ на локальное охлаждение, а также определить взаимосвязь уровня экспрессии PRR с частотой эпизодов острых респираторных вирусных инфекций (ОРВИ).</p></sec><sec><title>   Материалы и методы</title><p>   Материалы и методы. Обследовано 48 человек, в том числе 30 больных БА (39,0 [23,0; 50,0] лет, 53,3 % лиц мужского пола), преимущественно с легким персистирующим течением (50,0 %) и 18 лиц, не имевших хронических заболеваний, за исключением аллергического ринита (40,0 [30,0; 49,0] лет, 38,9 % лиц мужского пола). Эпителий нижней носовой раковины получали методом браш-биопсии до и после 3-минутной назальной ингаляции холодного воздуха (-20 ºC), после чего из полученных образцов выделяли РНК. Оценку экспрессии генов PRR производили с помощью количественной ПЦР с обратной транскрипцией.</p></sec><sec><title>   Результаты</title><p>   Результаты. Базовый PRR-профиль назального эпителия отличался высокой экспрессией TLR3, DHX58/LGP2, IFIH1/MDA5, при этом различий между группами найдено не было. Локальное охлаждение не сопровождалось значимым изменением экспрессии изученных PRR у всех испытуемых. Более частые ОРВИ были ассоциированы со снижением DHX58/LGP2 (ρ = -0,45, p = 0,01) и IFIH1/MDA5 (ρ = -0,42, p = 0,02).</p></sec><sec><title>   Заключение</title><p>   Заключение. Больные БА не характеризуются какими-либо особенностями экспрессии мРНК изученных генов PRR в назальном эпителии. Кратковременное локальное охлаждение полости носа не приводит к изменению PRR-профиля, тогда как более частые ОРВИ ассоциированы со сниженной экспрессией IFIH1/MDA5 и DHX58/LGP2.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>   Introduction</title><p>   Introduction. Respiratory viruses are the primary trigger for asthma exacerbations, and their initial detection by the body depends on pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of the mucosa. The upper respiratory tract is the first to contact both infection and cold air; however, the impact of local cooling on PRR expression in asthma patients remains unstudied.</p></sec><sec><title>   Aim</title><p>   Aim. To evaluate changes in the gene expression of PRRs (TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, DDX58/RIGI, IFIH1/MDA5, and DHX58/LGP2) at the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) level in the nasal epithelium of asthma patients in response to local cooling, and to determine the relationship between PRR expression levels and the frequency of acute respiratory viral infection episodes.</p></sec><sec><title>   Materials and methods</title><p>   Materials and methods. A total of 48 individuals were examined, including 30 asthma patients (aged 39.0 [23.0; 50.0] years, 53.3 % male), predominantly with mild persistent asthma (50 %), and 18 individuals without chronic diseases, with the exception of allergic rhinitis (aged 40.0 [30.0; 49.0] years, 38.9 % male). Inferior turbinate epithelium was collected by brush biopsy before and after a 3-minute nasal inhalation of cold air (-20 ºC), followed by RNA extraction from the obtained samples. The assessment of PRR gene expression was performed using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR).</p></sec><sec><title>   Results</title><p>   Results. The baseline PRR profile of the nasal epithelium was characterized by high expression of TLR3, DHX58/LGP2, and IFIH1/MDA5, with no differences found between the groups. Local cooling was not accompanied by any significant changes in the expression of the studied PRRs across all subjects. More frequent respiratory viral infections were associated with decreased DHX58/LGP2 (ρ = -0.45, p = 0.01) and IFIH1/MDA5 (ρ = -0.42, p = 0.02) expression.</p></sec><sec><title>   Conclusion</title><p>   Conclusion. Asthma patients are not characterized by any specific features in the mRNA expression of the studied PRR genes in the nasal epithelium. Short-term local cooling of the nasal cavity does not lead to changes in the PRR profile, whereas more frequent respiratory viral infections are associated with reduced expression of IFIH1/MDA5 and DHX58/LGP2.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бронхиальная астма</kwd><kwd>паттерн-распознающие рецепторы</kwd><kwd>экспрессия</kwd><kwd>ОРВИ</kwd><kwd>назальный эпителий</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bronchial asthma</kwd><kwd>pattern recognition receptors</kwd><kwd>expression</kwd><kwd>respiratory viral infections</kwd><kwd>nasal epithelium</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания (№ 1026041700032-4)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out under the State Assignment (No. 1026041700032-4)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Du X., Yang M. 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