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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cfpd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Бюллетень физиологии и патологии дыхания</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-5029</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36604/1998-5029-2026-101-126-138</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cfpd-1372</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>γδ-T-клетки и общий T-клеточный профиль периферической крови при туберкулёзе лёгких, хронической обструктивной болезни лёгких и их сочетании</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>γδ T-cells and the peripheral blood T-cell profile in pulmonary tuberculosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and their comorbidity</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8966-2702</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оськин</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Oskin</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Николаевич Оськин, канд. мед. наук, доцент, доцент кафедры</p><p>кафедра инфекционных болезней и фтизиатрии</p><p>390026; ул. Высоковольтная, 9; Рязань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry N. Oskin, MD, PhD (Med.), Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department</p><p>Department of Infectious Diseases and Phthisiology</p><p>390026;  9 Vysokovoltnaya Str.; Ryazan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">doctor.oskin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7083-2692</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котляров</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotlyarov</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Станислав Николаевич Котляров, д-р мед. наук, доцент, зав. кафедрой</p><p>кафедра сестринского дела</p><p>390026; ул. Высоковольтная, 9; Рязань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stanislav N. Kotlyarov, MD, PhD, DSc (Med.), Associate Professor, Head of the Department</p><p>Department of Nursing</p><p>390026;  9 Vysokovoltnaya Str.; Ryazan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">skmr1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1301-3997</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федяева</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedyaeva</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгения Николаевна Федяева, зав. клинико-диагностической лабораторией</p><p>клинико-диагностическая лаборатория клиники гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии</p><p>390026; ул. Высоковольтная, 9; Рязань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgenia N. Fedyaeva, MD, Head of the Laboratory</p><p>Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory of the Clinic of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology</p><p>390026;  9 Vysokovoltnaya Str.; Ryazan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">FedyaevaNKC@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Рязанский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal state budgetary educational institution of higher education "Ryazan State Medical University named after&#13;
Academician I.P. Pavlov" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Рязанский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal state budgetary educational institution of higher education "Ryazan State Medical University named after Academician I.P. Pavlov" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>101</issue><fpage>126</fpage><lpage>138</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Оськин Д.Н., Котляров С.Н., Федяева Е.Н., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Оськин Д.Н., Котляров С.Н., Федяева Е.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Oskin D.N., Kotlyarov S.N., Fedyaeva E.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1372">https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1372</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Сочетание хронической обструктивной болезни лёгких (ХОБЛ) и туберкулёза лёгких (ТБ) является клинически значимой коморбидностью. Роль αβ- и γδ-Т-клеточного иммунитета при их изолированном и сочетанном течении изучена недостаточно. Цель. Установить особенности субпопуляционного состава T-лимфоцитов периферической крови при изолированной ХОБЛ, изолированном ТБ, их сочетании и у условно здоровых лиц; выявить взаимосвязи T-клеточного профиля с показателями вентиляционной функции лёгких и системного воспаления. Материалы и методы. Методом проточной цитометрии у 55 мужчин (ТБ – 17, ХОБЛ – 16, ТБ + ХОБЛ – 8, контрольная группа – 14) определяли относительные доли CD3+-, αβ- (CD3+TCRγδ-) и γδ- (CD3+TCRγδ+) T-лимфоцитов; абсолютные количества (×109/л) рассчитывали двухплатформенным методом из данных общего (клинического) анализа крови. Использовали критерий Краскела-Уоллиса с post-hoc тестом Данна и поправкой Холма, размер коэффициента Клиффа δ, корреляции Спирмена с поправкой Бенджамини-Хохберга, а также анализ чувствительности с исключением двух наблюдений с экстремально низким относительным содержанием CD3+ в группе ТБ + ХОБЛ. Результаты. Относительное содержание CD3+-Т-лимфоцитов значимо различалось между группами (H = 24,1; p &lt; 0,001): максимум при изолированном ТБ (19,4%), минимум при ТБ + ХОБЛ (11,8%; коэффициент Клиффа δ = 1,00 при сравнении с ТБ). Абсолютное содержание CD3+-Т-лимфоцитов подтвердило различия: 1,71 × 109/л при ТБ против 1,00 при ТБ + ХОБЛ и 0,95 при ХОБЛ (p = 0,002). Доля γδ-Тлимфоцитов в пуле CD3+ снижалась у пациентов с бронхолёгочной патологией (2,1–3,2%) по сравнению с контролем (6,9%); значимость сохранялась для ТБ (p &lt; 0,01) и ХОБЛ (p &lt; 0,001). CD3+-T-клетки положительно коррелировали с отношением объема форсированного выдоха за 1-ю секунду к форсированной жизненной емкости легких (FEV1/FVC) (ρ = 0,60) и FEV1 (ρ = 0,48), отрицательно – со стажем курения (ρ = −0,54), нейтрофильно-лимфоцитарным отношением (NLR) и IL-1β (оба ρ = −0,47); все различия сохранялись при анализе чувствительности. Заключение. Изолированный ТБ ассоциировался с повышенным содержанием CD3+/αβ-T-клеток; ХОБЛ и ТБ + ХОБЛ – с его снижением и избирательным дефицитом γδ-T-клеток. Сдвиги Т-клеточного профиля сопряжены с выраженностью бронхообструкции, стажем курения и системным воспалением. Это позволяет рассматривать Тклеточный профиль как потенциальный иммунологический маркер бронхообструктивного фенотипа при ТБ, однако подтверждение причинно-следственных связей требует проспективных исследований. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. The combination of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a clinically significant comorbidity. The role of αβ- and γδ-T-cell immunity in their isolated and combined course remains insufficiently studied. Aim. To establish features of the subpopulation composition of peripheral blood Tlymphocytes in isolated COPD, isolated TB, their combination, and in conditionally healthy individuals, as well as to identify associations between the T-cell profile and indicators of pulmonary ventilation function and systemic inflammation. Materials and methods. Using flow cytometry in 55 men (TB – 17, COPD – 16, TB + COPD – 8, control group – 14), the relative proportions of CD3+-, αβ- (CD3+TCRγδ-), and γδ- (CD3+TCRγδ+) T-lymphocytes were determined; absolute counts (×109/L) were calculated using a two-platform method based on complete blood count data. The Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn's post-hoc test and Holm correction, Cliff's δ effect size, Spearman correlations with Benjamini–Hochberg correction, and sensitivity analysis with exclusion of two observations with extremely low relative CD3+ content in the TB + COPD group were used. Results. The relative counts of CD3+ T-lymphocytes differed significantly between groups (H = 24.1; p &lt; 0.001): maximum in isolated TB (19.4%), minimum in TB + COPD (11.8%; Cliff's δ = 1.00 when compared with TB). The absolute counts of CD3+ T-lymphocytes confirmed these differences: 1.71 × 109/L in TB versus 1.00 in TB + COPD and 0.95 in COPD (p = 0.002). The proportion of γδ T-lymphocytes within the CD3+ pool decreased in patients with bronchopulmonary pathology (2.1–3.2%) compared to controls (6.9%); significance was maintained for TB (p &lt; 0.01) and COPD (p &lt; 0.001). CD3+ T-cells positively correlated with the forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity ratio (FEV1/FVC) (ρ = 0.60) and FEV1 (ρ = 0.48), and negatively with smoking history (ρ = −0.54), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and IL-1β (both ρ = −0.47); all differences persisted in the sensitivity analysis. Conclusion. Isolated TB was associated with elevated CD3+/αβ-T-cell counts, whereas COPD and TB + COPD were associated with their reduction and a selective deficit of γδ-T-cells. Shifts in the T-cell profile are linked to the severity of bronchial obstruction, smoking history, and systemic inflammation. This allows consideration of the T-cell profile as a potential immunological marker of the broncho-obstructive phenotype in TB; however, confirmation of causal relationships requires prospective studies. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая обструктивная болезнь лёгких</kwd><kwd>туберкулёз лёгких</kwd><kwd>коморбидность</kwd><kwd>T-лимфоциты</kwd><kwd>γδ-T-клетки</kwd><kwd>αβ-T-клетки</kwd><kwd>проточная цитометрия</kwd><kwd>иммунный профиль</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</kwd><kwd>pulmonary tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>comorbidity</kwd><kwd>T-lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>γδ T-cells</kwd><kwd>αβ T-cells</kwd><kwd>flow cytometry</kwd><kwd>immune profile</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проводилось в рамках инициативной научно-исследовательской работы ФГБОУ ВО РязГМУ Минздрава России без участия спонсоров и без внешнего финансирования</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was conducted as an independent research project at Ryazan State Medical University without any external funding or commercial support</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Авдеев С.Н., Лещенко И.В., Айсанов З.Р. 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