cfpdБюллетень физиологии и патологии дыханияBulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration1998-5029Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания10.36604/1998-5029-2026-101-139-147cfpd-1373Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯORIGINAL RESEARCHСостав минорных насыщенных жирных кислот у беременных с COVID-19Composition of minor saturated fatty acids in pregnant women with COVID-19ИшутинаН. А.IshutinaN. A.

Наталия Александровна Ишутина, д-р биол. наук, профессор ДВО РАН, ведущий научный сотрудник

лаборатория механизмов этиопатогенеза и восстановительных процессов дыхательной системы при неспецифических заболеваниях легких

675000; ул. Калинина, 22; Благовещенск

Nataliа A. Ishutina, PhD, D.Sc. (Biol.), Professor of FEB RAS, Leading Staff Scientist

Laboratory of Mechanisms of Etiopathogenesis and Recovery Processes of the Respiratory System at Non-Specific Lung Diseases

675000; 22 Kalinina Str.; Blagoveshchensk

ishutina-na@mail.ruАндриевскаяИ. А.AndrievskayaI. A.

Ирина Анатольевна Андриевская, д-р биол. наук, профессор РАН, зав. лабораторией

лаборатория механизмов этиопатогенеза и восстановительных процессов дыхательной системы при неспецифических заболеваниях легких

675000; ул. Калинина, 22; Благовещенск

Irina A. Andrievskaya, PhD, D.Sc. (Biol.), Professor RAS, Head of Laboratory

Laboratory of Mechanisms of Etiopathogenesis and Recovery Processes ofthe Respiratory System at Non-Specific Lung Diseases

675000; 22 Kalinina Str.; Blagoveshchensk

irina-andrievskaja@rambler.ruДовжиковаИ. В.DovzhikovaI. V.

Инна Викторовна Довжикова, д-р биол. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник

лаборатория механизмов этиопатогенеза и восстановительных процессов дыхательной системы при неспецифических заболеваниях легких

675000; ул. Калинина, 22; Благовещенск

Inna V. Dovzhikova, PhD, DSc (Biol.), Leading Staff Scientist

Laboratory of Mechanisms of Etiopathogenesis and Recovery Processes of theRespiratory System at Non-Specific Lung Diseases

675000; 22 Kalinina Str.; Blagoveshchensk

dov_kova100@rambler.ruДорофиенкоН. Н.DorofienkoN. N.

Николай Николаевич Дорофиенко, канд. мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник

лаборатория механизмов этиопатогенеза и восстановительных процессов дыхательной системы при неспецифических заболеваниях легких

675000; ул. Калинина, 22; Благовещенск

Nikolay N. Dorofienko, PhD (Med.), Senior Staff Scientist

Laboratory of Mechanisms of Etiopathogenesis and Recovery Processes of the Respiratory System at Non-Specific Lung Diseases

675000; 22 Kalinina Str.; Blagoveshchensk

dorofienko-nn@mail.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания»РоссияFar Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of RespirationRussian Federation2026180920260101139147Copyright © Ишутина Н.А., Андриевская И.А., Довжикова И.В., Дорофиенко Н.Н., 20262026Ишутина Н.А., Андриевская И.А., Довжикова И.В., Дорофиенко Н.Н.Ishutina N.A., Andrievskaya I.A., Dovzhikova I.V., Dorofienko N.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1373   Введение

   Введение. Воспалительный процесс при COVID-19 сопровождается выраженной перестройкой метаболизма липидов, однако характер изменений жирно-кислотного профиля у беременных при данной патологии изучен недостаточно, что определяет актуальность настоящего исследования.

   Цель

   Цель. Охарактеризовать количественные изменения спектра минорных насыщенных жирных кислот (НЖК) в мембране эритроцитов у женщин во втором триместре гестации при среднетяжелом течении COVID-19.

   Материалы и методы

   Материалы и методы. В исследование включены 79 женщин во втором триместре беременности. Основную группу составили 39 пациенток с COVID-19 среднетяжёлого течения, контрольную – 40 женщин, не болевших COVID-19 ранее и на момент обследования. Материалом исследования служили эритроциты периферической крови. Количественный анализ индивидуального спектра НЖК в мембране эритроцитов осуществляли методом газовой хроматографии.

   Результаты

   Результаты. У беременных со среднетяжелым течением COVID-19 во втором триместре в мембране эритроцитов периферической крови выявлено статистически значимое повышение уровня каприновой (на 30 %, p < 0,001), лауриновой (на 46 %, p < 0,001), пентадекановой (на 45 %, p < 0,001) и гептадекановой (на 43 %, p < 0,001) НЖК на фоне снижения концентрации миристиновой кислоты (на 65 %, p < 0,001).

   Заключение

   Заключение. Впервые охарактеризован дисбаланс минорных НЖК в мембране эритроцитов у беременных во втором триместре при среднетяжелом течении COVID-19. Накопление каприновой, лауриновой, пентадекановой и гептадекановой минорных НЖК отражает, по нашему мнению, компенсаторную реакцию организма, направленную на защиту клеток от вируса SARS-CoV-2 и снижение уровня воспалительного процесса, снижение содержания миристиновой кислоты свидетельствует о нарушении структурно-функциональной целостности мембраны эритроцитов.

   Introduction

   Introduction. The inflammatory process in COVID-19 is accompanied by profound remodeling of lipid metabolism; however, the nature of alterations in the fatty acid profile in pregnant women with this pathology remains insufficiently studied, which determines the relevance of the present research.

   Aim

   Aim. To characterize quantitative changes in the spectrum of minor saturated fatty acids (SFAs) in the erythrocyte membrane in women with moderate COVID-19 during the second trimester of gestation.

   Materials and methods

   Materials and methods. The study included 79 women in the second trimester of pregnancy. The main group comprised 39 patients with moderate COVID-19, while the control group consisted of 40 women who had not been infected with COVID-19 previously or at the time of examination. Peripheral blood erythrocytes served as the study material. Quantitative analysis of the individual SFA spectrum in the erythrocyte membrane was performed by gas chromatography.

   Results

   Results. In pregnant women with moderate COVID-19 during the second trimester, a statistically significant increase in the levels of capric acid (by 30 %, p < 0.001), lauric acid (by 46 %, p < 0.001), pentadecanoic acid (by 45 %, p < 0.001), and heptadecanoic acid (by 43 %, p < 0.001) was detected in the peripheral blood erythrocyte membrane, against the background of a decreased concentration of myristic acid (by 65 %, p < 0.001).

   Conclusion

   Conclusion. For the first time, an imbalance of minor SFAs in the erythrocyte membrane was characterized in pregnant women with moderate COVID-19 during the second trimester. In our opinion, the accumulation of minor SFAs–capric, lauric, pentadecanoic, and heptadecanoic acids–reflects a compensatory response of the organism aimed at protecting cells against SARS-CoV-2 and reducing the level of the inflammatory process, whereas the decreased content of myristic acid indicates impairment of the structural and functional integrity of the erythrocyte membrane.

беременностьCOVID-19насыщенные жирные кислотымембрана эритроцитовpregnancyCOVID-19saturated fatty acidserythrocyte membraneРабота выполнена в рамках государственного задания (№ 126031018627-7)The study was carried out under the State Assignment (No. 126031018627-7)ReferencesCheng Y., Teng H., Xiao Y., Yao M., Yin J., Sun G. Impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy on infant neurobehavioral development: a case-control study // Front. Pediatr. 2021. Vol. 9. Article number: 762684. doi: 10.3389/fped.2021.762684. Erratum in: Front Pediatr. 2022. Vol. 10. Article number: 853389. doi: 10.3389/fped.2022.853389Cheng Y., Teng H., Xiao Y., Yao M., Yin J., Sun G. Impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy on infant neurobehavioral development: a case-control study. Front. Pediatr. 2021; 9:762684. doi: 10.3389/fped.2021.762684. Erratum in: Front. Pediatr. 2022; 10:853389. doi: 10.3389/fped.2022.853389Gootjes D.V., Posthumus A.G., Wols D.F., de Rijke Y.B., Roeters Van Lennep J.E., Steegers E.A.P. Maternal lipid profile in pregnancy and embryonic size: a population-based prospective cohort study // BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022. Vol. 22, № 1. Article number: 333. doi: 10.1186/s12884-022-04647-6Gootjes D.V., Posthumus A.G., Wols D.F., de Rijke Y.B., Roeters Van Lennep J.E., Steegers E.A.P. Maternal lipid profile in pregnancy and embryonic size: a population-based prospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022; 22(1):333. doi: 10.1186/s12884-022-04647-6Ишутина Н.А., Андриевская И.А., Синякин И.А. Особенности фосфолипидных изменений мембран эритроцитов у рожениц с COVID19-ассоциированной внебольничной пневмонией // Бюллетень физиологии и патологии дыхания. 2023. Вып. 87. С. 83–89. doi: 10.36604/1998-5029-2023-87-83-89Ishutina N.A., Andrievskaya I.A., Sinyakin I.A. [Peculiarities of phospholipiid changes in erythrocyte membranes in parturient women with COVID-19-associated community-acquired pneumonia]. Bûlleten' fiziologii i patologii dyhaniâ = Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration 2023; 87:90–98 (in Russian). doi: 10.36604/1998-5029-2023-87-83-89Ишутина Н.А., Андриевская И.А., Дорофиенко Н.Н. Изменения липидного состава и уровня сывороточных фосфолипидов у рожениц с пневмонией, вызванной SARS-CoV-2 // Бюллетень физиологии и патологии дыхания. 2023. Вып. 90. С. 83–89. doi: 10.36604/1998-5029-2023-90-83-89Ishutina N.A., Andrievskaya I.A., Dorofienko N.N. [Changes in lipid composition and serum phospholipids level in women in labor with pneumonia caused by SARS-COV-2]. Bûlleten' fiziologii i patologii dyhaniâ = Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration 2023; 90:83–89 (in Russian). doi: 10.36604/1998-5029-2023-90-83-89Кручинина М.В., Кручинин В.Н., Прудникова Я.И., Громова А.А., Шашков М.В., Соколова А.С. Исследование уровня жирных кислот мембран эритроцитов и сыворотки крови у пациентов с колоректальным раком г. Новосибирска // Успехи молекулярной онкологии. 2018. Т. 5, № 2. С. 50–61. doi: 10.17650/2313-805X-2018-5-2-50-61Kruchinina M.V., Kruchinin V.N., Prudnikova Ya.I., Gromova A.A., Shashkov M.V., Sokolova A.S. [Study of the level of fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes and serum of patients with colorectal cancer in Novosibirsk]. Uspekhi molekulyarnoy onkologii = Advances in Molecular Oncology 2018; 5(2):50–61 (in Russian). doi: 10.17650/2313-805X-2018-5-2-50-61Resh M.D. Fatty acylation of proteins: new5, insights into membrane targeting of myristoylated and palmitoylated proteins // Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1999. Vol. 1451, № 1. P. 1–16. doi: 10.1016/s0167-4889(99)00075-0Resh M.D. Fatty acylation of proteins: new insights into membrane targeting of myristoylated and palmitoylated proteins. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1999; 1451(1):1–16. doi: 10.1016/s0167-4889(99)00075-0Venn-Watson S., Lumpkin R., Dennis E.A. Efficacy of dietary odd-chain saturated fatty acid pentadecanoic acid parallels broad associated health benefits in humans: could it be essential? // Sci. Rep. 2020. Vol. 10, № 1. Article number: 8161. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-64960-yVenn-Watson S., Lumpkin R., Dennis E.A. Efficacy of dietary odd-chain saturated fatty acid pentadecanoic acid parallels broad associated health benefits in humans: could it be essential? Sci. Rep. 2020; 10(1):8161. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-64960-yBrevik A., Veierоd M.B., Drevon C.A., Andersen L.F. Evaluation of the odd fatty acids 15:0 and 17:0 in serum and adipose tissue as markers of intake of milk and dairy fat // Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 2005. Vol. 59, № 12. P. 1417–1422. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602256Brevik A., Veierod M.B., Drevon C.A., Andersen L.F. Evaluation of the odd fatty acids 15:0 and 17:0 in serum and adipose tissue as markers of intake of milk and dairy fat. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 2005; 59(12):1417–1422. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602256Frankevich N., Tokareva A., Chagovets V., Starodubtseva N., Dolgushina N., Shmakov R., Sukhikh G., Frankevich V. COVID-19 infection during pregnancy: disruptions in lipid metabolism and implications for newborn health // Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023. Vol. 24, № 18. Article number: 13787. doi: 10.3390/ijms241813787Frankevich N., Tokareva A., Chagovets V., Starodubtseva N., Dolgushina N., Shmakov R., Sukhikh G., Frankevich V. COVID-19 infection during pregnancy: disruptions in lipid metabolism and implications for newborn health. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023; 24(18):13787. doi: 10.3390/ijms241813787Folch J., Lees M., Sloane Stanley G.H. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues // J. Biol. Chem. 1957. Vol. 226, Iss. 1. P. 497‒509. PMID: 13428781.Folch J., Lees M., Sloane Stanley G.H. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues. J. Biol. Chem. 1957; 226(1):497‒509. PMID: 13428781.Carreau J.P., Dubacq J.P. Adaptation of a macro-scale method to the micro-scale for fatty acid methyl transesterification of biological lipid extracts // J. Chromatogr. A. 1978. Vol. 151, Iss. 3. P. 384‒390. doi: 10.1016/S00219673(00)88356-9Carreau J.P., Dubacq J.P. Adaptation of a macro-scale method to the micro-scale for fatty acid methyl transesterification of biological lipid extracts. J. Chromatogr. A. 1978; 151(3):384‒390. doi: 10.1016/S00219673(00)88356-9Angeles-Agdeppa I., Nacis J.S., Capanzana M.V., Dayrit F.M., Tanda K.V. Virgin coconut oil is effective in lowering C-reactive protein levels among suspect and probable cases of COVID-19 // J. Funct. Foods. 2021. Vol. 83. Article number: 104557. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104557Angeles-Agdeppa I., Nacis J.S., Capanzana M.V., Dayrit F.M., Tanda K.V. Virgin coconut oil is effective in lowering C-reactive protein levels among suspect and probable cases of COVID-19. J. Funct. Foods. 2021; 83:104557. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104557Kristmundsdóttir T., Arnadóttir S.G., Bergsson G., Thormar H. Development and evaluation of microbicidal hydrogels containing monoglyceride as the active ingredient // J. Pharm. Sci. 1999. Vol. 88, № 10. P. 1011–1015. doi: 10.1021/js9900396. Erratum in: J. Pharm. Sci. 1999 Vol. 88, № 12. Article number: 1366.Kristmundsdóttir T., Arnadóttir S.G., Bergsson G., Thormar H. Development and evaluation of microbicidal hydrogels containing monoglyceride as the active ingredient. J. Pharm Sci. 1999; 88(10):1011–1115. doi: 10.1021/js9900396. Erratum in: J. Pharm. Sci. 1999; 88(12):1366. PMID: 10514348.Hilmarsson H., Traustason B.S., Kristmundsdóttir T., Thormar H. Virucidal activities of medium- and long-chain fatty alcohols and lipids against respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus type 2: comparison at different pH levels // Arch Virol. 2007. Vol. 152, № 12. P. 2225–2236. doi: 10.1007/s00705-007-1063-5Hilmarsson H., Traustason B.S., Kristmundsdóttir T., Thormar H. Virucidal activities of medium- and long-chain fatty alcohols and lipids against respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus type 2: comparison at different pH levels. Arch. Virol. 2007; 152(12):2225–2236. doi: 10.1007/s00705-007-1063-5Hornung B., Amtmann E., Sauer G. Lauric acid inhibits the maturation of vesicular stomatitis virus // J. Gen. Virol. 1994. Vol. 75, (Pt2). P. 353–361. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-75-2-353Hornung B., Amtmann E., Sauer G. Lauric acid inhibits the maturation of vesicular stomatitis virus. J. Gen. Virol. 1994; 75(Pt2):353–3561. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-75-2-353M A., I M.A., Ramalingam K., Shanmugam R. Biomedical applications of lauric acid : a narrative review // Cureus. 2024. Vol. 16, № 6. Article number: e62770. doi: 10.7759/cureus.62770M A., I M.A., Ramalingam K., Shanmugam R. Biomedical applications of lauric acid : a narrative review. Cureus. 2024; 16(6):e62770. doi: 10.7759/cureus.62770Soliman S., Faris M.E., Ratemi Z., Halwani R. Switching host metabolism as an approach to dampen SARS-CoV-2 infection // Ann Nutr. Metab. 2020. Vol. 76, № 5. P. 297–303. doi: 10.1159/000510508Soliman S., Faris M.E., Ratemi Z., Halwani R. Switching host metabolism as an approach to dampen SARS-CoV-2 infection. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 2020; 76(5):297–303. doi: 10.1159/000510508Khan H.U., Aamir K., Jusuf P.R., Sethi G., Sisinthy S.P., Ghildyal R., Arya A. Lauric acid ameliorates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver inflammation by mediating TLR4/MyD88 pathway in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats // Life Sci. 2021. Vol. 265. Article number: 118750. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118750Khan H.U., Aamir K., Jusuf P.R., Sethi G., Sisinthy S.P., Ghildyal R., Arya A. Lauric acid ameliorates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver inflammation by mediating TLR4/MyD88 pathway in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Life Sci. 2021; 265:118750. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118750Kisioglu B., Onal E., Karabulut D., Onbasilar I., Akyol A. Neuroprotective roles of lauric acid and resveratrol: shared benefits in neuroinflammation and anxiety, distinct effects on memory enhancement // Food Sci. Nutr. 2024. Vol. 12, № 11. P. 9735–9748. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.4520Kisioglu B., Onal E., Karabulut D., Onbasilar I., Akyol A. Neuroprotective roles of lauric acid and resveratrol: shared benefits in neuroinflammation and anxiety, distinct effects on memory enhancement. Food Sci. Nutr. 2024; 12(11):9735–9748. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.4520Wang B., Dai T., Sun W., Wei Y., Ren J., Zhang L., Zhang M., Zhou F. Protein N-myristoylation: functions and mechanisms in control of innate immunity // Cell Mol. Immunol. 2021. Vol. 4. P. 878–888. doi: 10.1038/s41423-021-00663-2Wang B., Dai T., Sun W., Wei Y., Ren J., Zhang L., Zhang M., Zhou F. Protein N-myristoylation: functions and mechanisms in control of innate immunity. Cell Mol. Immunol. 2021; 4:878–888. doi: 10.1038/s41423-021-00663-2Du K., Sun L., Luo Z., Cao Y., Sun Q., Zhang K., Faizy A., Piomelli D., Lu X., Shan J., Yang Q. Reduced DMPC and PMPC in lung surfactant promote SARS-CoV-2 infection in obesity // Metabolism. 2022. Vol. 131. Article number: 155181. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155181Du K., Sun L., Luo Z., Cao Y., Sun Q., Zhang K., Faizy A., Piomelli D., Lu X., Shan J., Yang Q. Reduced DMPC and PMPC in lung surfactant promote SARS-CoV-2 infection in obesity. Metabolism 2022; 131:155181. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155181Ишутина Н.А. Зависимость микровязкости мембран эритроцитов от фосфолипидного состава при беременности, осложненной герпес-вирусной инфекцией // Бюллетень физиологии и патологии дыхания. 2008. Вып. 28. С. 25–28. EDN: IJUMAF.Ishutina N.A. [The dependence of micro viscosity of erythrocyte membranes on phospholipid composition at pregnancy complicated with herpes viral infection]. Bûlleten' fiziologii i patologii dyhaniâ = Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration 2008; 28:25–28 EDN: IJUMAF. (in Russian).Rampoldi F., Bonrouhi M., Boehm M.E., Lehmann W.D., Popovic Z.V., Kaden S., Federico G., Brunk F., Gröne H.J., Porubsky S. Immunosuppression and aberrant T cell development in the absence of N-myristoylation // J. Immunol. 2015. Vol. 195, № 9. P. 4228–4243. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500622Rampoldi F., Bonrouhi M., Boehm M.E., Lehmann W.D., Popovic Z.V., Kaden S., Federico G., Brunk F., Gröne H.J., Porubsky S. Immunosuppression and aberrant T cell development in the absence of N-myristoylation. J. Immunol. 2015; 195(9):4228–4243. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500622Mercola J. Pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) and cardiovascular disease : a narrative review // World J. Cardiol. 2025. Vol. 17, № 12. Article number: 110861. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v17.i12.110861Mercola J. Pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) and cardiovascular disease : A narrative review. World J. Cardiol. 2025; 17(12):110861. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v17.i12.110861Singh D., Mehghini P., Rodriguez-Palacios A., Di Martino L., Cominelli F., Basson A.R. Anti-Inflammatory effect of dietary pentadecanoic fatty acid supplementation on inflammatory bowel disease in SAMP1/YitFc mice // Nutrients. 2024. Vol. 16, № 17. Article number: 3031. doi: 10.3390/nu16173031Singh D., Mehghini P., Rodriguez-Palacios A., Di Martino L., Cominelli F., Basson A.R. Anti-Inflammatory effect of dietary pentadecanoic fatty acid supplementation on inflammatory bowel disease in SAMP1/YitFc mice. Nutrients 2024; 16(17):3031. doi: 10.3390/nu16173031Андриевская И.А., Лязгиян К.С., Жуковец И.В., Устинов Е.М. Влияние перенесенной в третьем триместре беременности инфекции COVID-19 на показатели врожденного иммунитета, связь с акушерскими и перинатальными исходами // Бюллетень сибирской медицины. 2024. Т. 23, № 2. С. 5–13. doi: 10.20538/1682-0363-2024-2-5-13Andrievskaya I.A., Lyazgiyan K.S., Zhukovets I.V., Ustinov E.M. [Effect of COVID-19 infection in the third trimester of pregnancy on innate immunity parameters, association with obstetric and perinatal outcomes]. Bulleten' sibirskoy meditsyny = Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 2024; 23(2):5–13. doi: 10.20538/1682-0363-2024-2-5-13Ciesielski V., Legrand P., Blat S., Rioux V. New insights on pentadecanoic acid with special focus on its controversial essentiality : a mini-review // Biochimie. 2024. Vol. 227, (PtB). P. 123–129. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.10.008Ciesielski V., Legrand P., Blat S., Rioux V. New insights on pentadecanoic acid with special focus on its controversial essentiality : A mini-review. Biochimie 2024; 227(PtB):123–129. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.10.008Sacks D., Baxter B., Campbell B.C.V., Carpenter J.S., Cognard C., Dippel D., Eesa M., Fischer U., Hausegger K., Hirsch J.A., Shazam Hussain M., Jansen O., Jayaraman M.V., Khalessi A.A., Kluck B.W., Lavine S., Meyers P.M., Ramee S., Rüfenacht D.A., Schirmer C.M., Vorwerk D. Multisociety consensus quality improvement revised consensus statement for endovascular therapy of acute ischemic stroke // Int. J. Stroke. 2018. Vol. 13, № 6. P. 612–632. doi: 10.1177/1747493018778713Sacks D., Baxter B., Campbell B.C.V., Carpenter J.S., Cognard C., Dippel D., Eesa M., Fischer U., Hausegger K., Hirsch J.A., Shazam Hussain M., Jansen O., Jayaraman M.V., Khalessi A.A., Kluck B.W., Lavine S., Meyers P.M., Ramee S., Rüfenacht D.A., Schirmer C.M., Vorwerk D. Multisociety consensus quality improvement revised consensus statement for endovascular therapy of acute ischemic stroke. Int. J. Stroke. 2018; 13(6):612–632. doi: 10.1177/1747493018778713Venn-Watson S., Schork N.J. Pentadecanoic acid (C15:0), an essential fatty acid, shares clinically relevant cell-based activities with leading longevity-enhancing compounds // Nutrients. 2023. Vol. 15, № 21. Article number: 4607. doi: 10.3390/nu15214607Venn-Watson S., Schork N.J. Pentadecanoic acid (C15:0), an essential fatty acid, shares clinically relevant cell-based activities with leading longevity-enhancing compounds. Nutrients 2023; 15(21):4607. doi: 10.3390/nu15214607Ишутина Н. А. Роль жирных кислот в эмбриональном развитии (обзор литературы) // Бюллетень физиологии и патологии дыхания. 2018. Вып. 69. С. 107–114. doi: 10.12737/article_5b985a4bcfb950.60653849Ishutina N.A. [The role of fatty acids in embryonic development (review)]. Bûlleten' fiziologii i patologii dyhaniâ = Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration 2018; 69:107–114 (in Russian). doi: 10.12737/article_5b985a4bcfb950.60653849Wang J., Zheng S., Li Z., Tang Y., Huang Y., Wang J., Li R., Peng J. Pentadecanoic acid (C15:0, PA) induces mild maternal glucose intolerance and promotes the growth of the offspring partly through up-regulating liver PPARα and MAPK signaling pathways // Food Funct. 2024. Vol. 15, № 23. P. 11400–11414. doi: 10.1039/d4fo03970jWang J., Zheng S., Li Z., Tang Y., Huang Y., Wang J., Li R., Peng J. Pentadecanoic acid (C15:0, PA) induces mild maternal glucose intolerance and promotes the growth of the offspring partly through up-regulating liver PPARα and MAPK signaling pathways. Food Funct. 2024; 15(23):11400–11414. doi: 10.1039/d4fo03970jWang C., Tang Y., Zhang Y., Li Z., Wang J., Peng J., Peng J. Pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) promotes placental angiogenesis by activating the placental PI3K-AKT signaling // Food Funct. 2025. Vol. 16, № 24. P. 9344–9358. doi: 10.1039/d5fo03684dWang C., Tang Y., Zhang Y., Li Z., Wang J., Peng J., Peng J. Pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) promotes placental angiogenesis by activating the placental PI3K-AKT signaling. Food Funct. 2025; 16(24):9344–9358. doi: 10.1039/d5fo03684dSchwartz D.A., Mulkey S.B., Roberts D.J. SARS-CoV-2 placentitis, stillbirth, and maternal COVID-19 vaccination: clinical-pathologic correlation // Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2023. Vol. 228, № 3. Р. 261–269. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.10.001Schwartz D.A., Mulkey S.B., Roberts D.J. SARS-CoV-2 Placentitis, stillbirth, and maternal COVID-19 vaccination: clinical-pathologic correlation. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2023; 228(3):261–269. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.10.001Shanes E.D., Mithal L.B., Otero S., Azad H.A., Miller E.S., Goldstein J.A. Placental pathology in COVID-19 // Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 2020. Vol. 154, № 1. P. 23–32. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/aqaa089Shanes E.D., Mithal L.B., Otero S., Azad H.A., Miller E.S., Goldstein J.A. Placental pathology in COVID-19. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 2020; 154(1):23–32. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/aqaa089Андриевская И.А., Ишутина Н.А., Довжикова И.В., Лязгиян К.С., Жуковец И.В., Кривощекова Н.А. Гипоксия и окислительный стресс при CОVID-19 как факторы, влияющие на течение заболевания и развитие осложнений беременности // Бюллетень физиологии и патологии дыхания. 2023. Вып. 90. С. 74–82. doi: 10.36604/1998-5029-2023-90-74-82Andriyevskaya I.A., Ishutina N.A., Dovzhikova I.V., Lyazgiyan K.S., Zhukovets I.V., Krivoshchekova N.A. [Hypoxia and oxidative stress in COVID-19 as factors affecting the course of the disease and the development of complications in pregnancy]. Bûlleten' fiziologii i patologii dyhaniâ = Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration 2023; 90:74–82 (in Russian). doi: 10.36604/1998-5029-2023-90-74-82Ишутина Н.А., Андриевская И.А., Кривощекова Н.А. Характеристика процессов перекисного окисления липидов и антиоксидантной защиты у рожениц при COVID-19 // Бюллетень физиологии и патологии дыхания. 2024. Вып. 91. С. 84–89. doi: 10.36604/1998-5029-2024-91-84-89Ishutina N.A., Andriyevskaya I.A., Krivoshchekova N.A. [Characterization of lipid peroxidation processes and antioxidant defense in parturients with COVID-19]. Bûlleten' fiziologii i patologii dyhaniâ = Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration 2024; 91:84–89 (in Russian). doi: 10.36604/1998-5029-2024-91-84-89Yuan W.L., Bernard J.Y., Armand M., Sarté C., Charles M.A., Heude B. Associations of maternal consumption of dairy products during pregnancy with perinatal fatty acids profile in the EDEN cohort study // Nutrients. 2022. Vol. 14, № 8. Article number: 1636. doi: 10.3390/nu14081636Yuan W.L., Bernard J.Y., Armand M., Sarté C., Charles MA, Heude B. Associations of maternal consumption of dairy products during pregnancy with perinatal fatty acids profile in the EDEN cohort study. Nutrients 2022; 14(8):1636. doi: 10.3390/nu14081636Mercola J. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of pentadecanoic acid // World J. Biol. Chem. 2025. Vol. 16, № 4. Article number: 111258. doi: 10.4331/wjbc.v16.i4.111258Mercola J. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of pentadecanoic acid. World J. Biol. Chem. 2025; 16(4):111258. doi: 10.4331/wjbc.v16.i4.111258Li Y., Wu Y., Liu M., Han D., Xu Y., Huang B., Cong F., Li M., Cao B., Feng C., Ding H., Wang J. Maternal odd-chain fatty acid-rich algal oil supplementation during pregnancy improves litter characteristics of intrauterine growth restricted pregnant mice via regulating placental function // J. Funct. Foods. 2024. Vol. 123. Article number: 106586. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2024.106586Li Y., Wu Y., Liu M., Han D., Xu Y., Huang B., Cong F., Li M., Cao B., Feng C., Ding H., Wang J. Maternal odd-chain fatty acid-rich algal oil supplementation during pregnancy improves litter characteristics of intrauterine growth restricted pregnant mice via regulating placental function. J. Funct. Foods. 2024; 123:106586. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2024.106586

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.