cfpdБюллетень физиологии и патологии дыханияBulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration1998-5029Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания10.36604/1998-5029-2026-101-154-168cfpd-1375Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSСвязь метаболической дисрегуляции с нейроиммунным воспалением дыхательных путей при бронхиальной астмеThe association of metabolic dysregulation with neuroimmune airway inflammation in asthmahttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5018-0271КытиковаО. Ю.KytikovaO. Yu.

Оксана Юрьевна Кытикова, д-р мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник

лаборатория восстановительного лечения

690105; ул. Русская, 73-г; Владивосток

Oxana Yu. Kytikova, MD, PhD, DSc (Med.), Senior Staff Scientist

Laboratory of Rehabilitative Treatment

690105; 73-g Russkaya Str.; Vladivostok

kytikova@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6058-201XНовгородцеваТ. П.NovgorodtsevaT. P.

Татьяна Павловна Новгородцева, д-р биол. наук, профессор, зам. директора по научной работе, главный научный сотрудник

лаборатория биомедицинских исследований

690105; ул. Русская, 73-г; Владивосток

Tatiana P. Novgorodtseva, PhD, DSc (Biol.), Рrofessor, Deputy Director on Scientific Work, Main Staff Scientist

Laboratory of Biomedical Research

690105; 73-g Russkaya Str.; Vladivostok

nauka@niivl.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2492-3198АнтонюкМ. В.AntonyukM. V.

Марина Владимировна Антонюк, д-р мед. наук, профессор, зав. лабораторией

лаборатория восстановительного лечения

690105; ул. Русская, 73-г; Владивосток

Marina V. Antonyuk, MD, PhD, DSc (Med.), Рrofessor, Head of Laboratory

Laboratory of Rehabilitative Treatment

690105; 73-g Russkaya Str.; Vladivostok

antonyukm@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9086-7369КнышоваВ. В.KnyshovaV. V.

Вера Васильевна Кнышова, д-р мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник

лаборатория восстановительного лечения

690105; ул. Русская, 73-г; Владивосток

Vera V. Knyshova, MD, PhD (Med.), DSc (Med.), Senior Staff Scientist

Laboratory of Rehabilitation Treatment

690105; 73-g Russkaya Str.; Vladivostok

vfdnz_nch@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6413-9840ГвозденкоТ. А.GvozdenkoT. A.

Татьяна Александровна Гвозденко, д-р мед. наук, профессор РАН,главный научный сотрудник, директор

лаборатория восстановительного лечения

690105; ул. Русская, 73-г; Владивосток

Tatiana A. Gvozdenko, MD, PhD, DSc (Med.), Professor of RAS, Main Staff Scientist, Director

Laboratory of Rehabilitative Treatment

690105; 73-g Russkaya Str.; Vladivostok

vfdnz@mail.ruВладивостокский филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания» – Научно-исследовательский институт медицинской климатологии и восстановительного леченияРоссияVladivostok branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center for Physiology and Pathology of Respiration – Research Institute of Medical Climatology and RehabilitationRussian Federation2026180920260101154168Copyright © Кытикова О.Ю., Новгородцева Т.П., Антонюк М.В., Кнышова В.В., Гвозденко Т.А., 20262026Кытикова О.Ю., Новгородцева Т.П., Антонюк М.В., Кнышова В.В., Гвозденко Т.А.Kytikova O.Y., Novgorodtseva T.P., Antonyuk M.V., Knyshova V.V., Gvozdenko T.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1375

   В научной литературе последних лет активно обсуждаются нейроиммунные механизмы и их роль в патогенезе бронхиальной астмы (БА). Появляются данные о взаимосвязи нейротрофических факторов с липидным метаболизмом при астме. При всей значимости существующих исследований, данных литературы недостаточно для обоснования нейро-иммуно-липидной модели БА, определяющей патогенетическую взаимосвязь между тремя системами. Нейротрофический фактор мозга (BDNF – brain-derived neurotrophic factor) вовлекается в патогенез гиперреактивности и ремоделирования бронхов, объединяя нейроиммунные механизмы патогенеза БА. Нарушения липидного метаболизма при БА, включая дисбаланс провоспалительных и противовоспалительных липидных медиаторов, а также изменения уровня сфинголипидов и холестерина клеточных мембран, способны влиять на экспрессию BDNF и его рецептора, формирующих BDNF/TrkB сигнальный путь. Это позволяет рассматривать взаимоотношения липидов и нейротрофинов как механизм, связывающий метаболическую дисрегуляцию с нейроиммунным воспалением и ремоделированием дыхательных путей при БА. В данном механизме липидам отводится роль медиаторов, модулирующих активность BDNF за счет активации сигнальных путей, регулирующих транскрипцию гена BDNF. Дальнейшие исследования позволят обосновать единую нейро-иммунолипидную модель патогенеза БА.

   Neuroimmune mechanisms and their role in the pathogenesis of asthma have been actively discussed in the scientific literature in recent years. There is emerging evidence of a relationship between neurotrophic factors and lipid metabolism in asthma. Despite the significance of existing research, the literature is insufficient to support a neuro-immune-lipid model of asthma that defines the pathogenetic relationship between these three systems. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is implicated in the pathogenesis of bronchial hyperreactivity and remodeling, integrating the neuroimmune mechanisms of asthma pathogenesis. Lipid metabolism disturbances in asthma, including an imbalance of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory lipid mediators, as well as changes in sphingolipid and cholesterol levels in cell membranes, can influence the expression of BDNF and its receptor, which form the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway. This allows us to consider the relationship between lipids and neurotrophins as a mechanism linking metabolic dysregulation with neuroimmune inflammation and airway remodeling in asthma. In this mechanism, lipids are considered to act as mediators modulating BDNF activity by activating signaling pathways that regulate BDNF gene transcription. Further research will help substantiate a unified neuro-immune-lipid model of asthma pathogenesis.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.