cfpdБюллетень физиологии и патологии дыханияBulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration1998-5029Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания10.36604/1998-5029-2019-73-125-133cfpd-231Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSРецепторы эстрогенов (обзор литературы). Часть 2Estrogen receptors (review). Part 2.ДовжиковаИ. В.DovzhikovaI. V.

Инна Викторовна Довжикова - доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории механизмов этиопатогенеза и восстановительных процессов дыхательной системы при неспецифических заболеваниях легких.

675000, Благовещенск, ул. Калинина, 22

Inna V. Dovzhikova - PhD, D.Sc. (Biol.), Leading Staff Scientist of Laboratory of Mechanisms of Etiopathogenesis and Recovery Processes of the Respiratory System at Non-Specific Lung Diseases.

22 Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000

dov_kova100@rambler.ruАндриевскаяИ. А.AndrievskayaI. V.

Ирина Анатольевна Андриевская - доктор биологических наук, профессор РАН, заведующий лабораторией механизмов этиопатогенеза и восстановительных процессов дыхательной системы при неспецифических заболеваниях легких.

675000, Благовещенск, ул. Калинина, 22

Irina A. Andrievskaya - PhD, D.Sc. (Biol.), Professor RAS, Head of Laboratory of Mechanisms of Etiopathogenesis and Recovery Processes of the Respiratory System at Non-Specific Lung Diseases.

22 Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000

irina-andrievskaja@rambler.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыханияFar Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology ofRespiration201925112019073125133Copyright © Довжикова И.В., Андриевская И.А., 20192019Довжикова И.В., Андриевская И.А.Dovzhikova I.V., Andrievskaya I.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/231

Статья представляет собой обзор литературы, состоящий из двух частей, в котором собраны современные данные о рецепторах эстрогенов. В первой части сообщения были описаны виды рецепторов, механизмы их действия и регуляция. Настоящая часть обзора литературы посвящается роли рецепторов эстрогенов во время беременности. Особое внимание уделено их значению в процессе трансформации эндометрия в период гестации. Рассмотрена роль рецепторов в обеспечении кровотока матки. Показано, каким образом рецепторы эстрогенов способствуют началу родовой деятельности. Зафиксированы доказательства локализации рецепторов в различных областях репродуктивного тракта, представлены гипотезы предполагаемой роли разных видов рецепторов эстрогенов в плаценте. Анализ данных литературы, касающихся состояния рецепторов при различных осложнениях беременности, позволил сделать вывод о недостаточной изученности этого вопроса.

The article is a two-part review of the literature in which modern data on the receptors of estrogens are analyzed. The first part of the review describes the types of estrogen receptors, their mechanisms of action and regulation. This part of the literature review focuses on the role of estrogen receptors during pregnancy. Particular attention is paid to the significance of estrogen receptors in the process of endometrial transformation during gestation. The role of receptors in ensuring the blood flow of the uterus is viewed. It is shown how estrogen receptors contribute to the labor. The evidence of receptor localization in different areas of the reproductive tract is recorded, hypotheses of the supposed role of different types of estrogen receptors in the placenta are presented. Analysis of literature data on the receptors in various complications of pregnancy allowed to conclude that this issue needs further study.

эстрогенрецептор эстрогенабеременностьплацентаматкаestrogenestrogen receptorpregnancyplacentauterusReferencesТраль Т.Г., Толибова Г Х., Сердюков С. В., Полякова В.О. Морфофункциональная оценка причин замершей беременности в первом триместре // Журнал акушерства и женских болезней. 2013. Т.62, №3. С.83-87.Tral T.G., Tolibova G.Ch., Serdiukov S.V, Polyakova VO. Morpho-functional evaluation of the causes of stilled pregnancy in the first trimester. Zhurnal akusherstva i zhenskikh bolezney 2013; 62(3):83-87 (in Russian).Akram S.K., Sahlin L., Ostlund E., Hagenas L., Fried G., Soder O. Placental IGF-I, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor expression, and maternal anthropometry in growth-restricted pregnancies in the Swedish population // Horm. Res. Paediatr. 2011. Vol.75, №2. Р. 131-137. doi: 10.1159/000320466Akram S.K., Sahlin L., Ostlund E., Hagenas L., Fried G., Soder O. Placental IGF-I, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor expression, and maternal anthropometry in growth-restricted pregnancies in the Swedish population. Horm. Res. Paediatr. 2011; 75(2):131-137. doi: 10.1159/000320466Banciu A., Banciu D.D., Mustaciosu C.C., Radu M., Cretoiu D., Xiao J., Cretoiu S.M., Suciu N., Radu B.M. Beta-estradiol regulates voltage-gated calcium channels and estrogen receptors in telocytes from human myometrium // Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018. Vol.19, №5. Р.Е1413. doi: 10.3390/ijms19051413Banciu A., Banciu D.D., Mustaciosu C.C., Radu M., Cretoiu D., Xiao J., Cretoiu S.M., Suciu N., Radu B.M. Beta-estradiol regulates voltage-gated calcium channels and estrogen receptors in telocytes from human myometrium. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018; 19(5):E1413. doi: 10.3390/ijms19051413Barton M., Filardo E.J., Lolait S.J., Thomas P, Maggiolini M., Prossnitz E.R. Twenty years of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor GPER: Historical and personal perspectives // J. Steroid. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2018. Vol.176. Р.4-15. doi: 10.1016/jjsbmb.2017.03.021Barton M., Filardo E.J., Lolait S.J., Thomas P., Maggiolini M., Prossnitz E.R.Twenty years of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor GPER: Historical and personal perspectives. J. Steroid. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2018; 176:4-15. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.03.021Bukovsky A., Caudle M.R., Cekanova M., Fernando R.I., Wimalasena J., Foster J.S., Henley D.C., Elder R.F. Placental expression of estrogen receptor beta and its hormone binding variant-comparison with estrogen receptor alpha and a role for estrogen receptors in asymmetric division and differentiation of estrogen-dependent cells // Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 2003. Vol.1. Р.36. doi: 10.1186/1477-7827-1-36Bukovsky A., Caudle M.R., Cekanova M., Fernando R.I., Wimalasena J., Foster J.S., Henley D.C., Elder R.F. Placental expression of estrogen receptor beta and its hormone binding variant--comparison with estrogen receptor alpha and a role for estrogen receptors in asymmetric division and differentiation of estrogen-dependent cells. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 2003; 1:36. doi: 10.1186/1477-7827-1-36Bukovsky A., Cekanova M., Caudle M.R., Wimalasena J., Foster J.S., Henley D.C., Elder R.F. Expression and localization of estrogen receptor-alpha protein in normal and abnormal term placentae and stimulation of trophoblast differentiation by estradiol // Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 2003. Vol.1, Р.13. doi: 10.1186/1477-7827-1-13Bukovsky A., Cekanova M., Caudle M.R., Wimalasena J., Foster J.S., Henley D.C., Elder R.F. Expression and localization of estrogen receptor-alpha protein in normal and abnormal term placentae and stimulation of trophoblast differentiation by estradiol. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 2003; 1:13. doi: 10.1186/1477-7827-1-13Corcoran J.J., Nicholson C., Sweeney M., Chamock J.C., Robson S.C., Westwood M., Taggart M.J. Human uterine and placental arteries exhibit tissue-specific acute responses to 17p-estradiol and estrogen-receptor-specific agonists // Mol. Hum. Reprod. 2014. Vol.20, №5. Р.433-441. doi: 10.1093/molehr/gat095Corcoran J.J., Nicholson C., Sweeney M., Charnock J.C., Robson S.C., Westwood M., Taggart M.J. Human uterine and placental arteries exhibit tissue-specific acute responses to 17p-estradiol and estrogen-receptor-specific agonists. Mol. Hum. Reprod. 2014; 20(5):433-441. doi: 10.1093/molehr/gat095Fujimoto J., Nakagawa Y, Toyoki H., Sakaguchi H., Sato E., Tamaya T. Estrogen-related receptor in reproductive organs // Reprod. Med. Biol. 2005. Vol.4, №2. Р.129-131. doi: 10.1111/j.1447-0578.2005.00100.xFujimoto J., Nakagawa Y, Toyoki H., Sakaguchi H., Sato E., Tamaya T. Estrogen-related receptor in reproductive organs. Reprod. Med. Biol. 2005; 4(2):129-131. doi: 10.1111/j.1447-0578.2005.00100.xGrazul-Bilska A.T., Bairagi S., Kraisoon A., Dorsam S.T., Reyaz A., Navanukraw C., Borowicz P.P., Reynolds L.P. Placental development during early pregnancy in sheep: nuclear estrogen and progesterone receptor mRNA expression in the utero-placental compartments // Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. 2019. Vol.66. Р.27-34. doi: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2018.09.002Grazul-Bilska A.T., Bairagi S., Kraisoon A., Dorsam S.T., Reyaz A., Navanukraw C., Borowicz P.P., Reynolds L.P. Placental development during early pregnancy in sheep: nuclear estrogen and progesterone receptor mRNA expression in the utero-placental compartments. Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. 2019; 66:27-34. doi: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2018.09.002Hewitt S.C., Korach K.S. Estrogen receptors: new directions in the new millennium // Endocr. Rev. 2018. Vol.39, №5. Р.664-675. doi: 10.1210/er.2018-00087Hewitt S.C., Korach K.S. Estrogen receptors: new directions in the new millennium. Endocr. Rev. 2018. 39(5):664-675. doi: 10.1210/er.2018-00087Hong K., Choi Y. Role of estrogen and RAS signaling in repeated implantation failure // BMB Rep. 2018. Vol.51, №5. Р.225-229.Hong K., Choi Y. Role of estrogen and RAS signaling in repeated implantation failure. BMB Rep. 2018; 51(5):225-229.Kim S.C., Park M.N., Lee Y.J., Joo J.K., An B.S. Interaction of steroid receptor coactivators and estrogen receptors in the human placenta // J. Mol. Endocrinol. 2016. Vol. 56, №3. Р.239-247. doi: 10.1530/JME-15-0248Kim S.C., Park M.N., Lee Y.J., Joo J.K., An B.S. Interaction of steroid receptor coactivators and estrogen receptors in the human placenta. J. Mol. Endocrinol. 2016; 56(3):239-247. doi: 10.1530/JME-15-0248Koehler K.F., Helguero L. A., Haldosen L.A., Warner M., Gustafsson J.A. Reflections on the discovery and significance of estrogen receptor beta // Endocr. Rev. 2005. Vol.26, №3. P.465-478. doi: 10.1210/er.2004-0027Koehler K.F., Helguero L. A., Haldosen L.A., Warner M., Gustafsson J.A. Reflections on the discovery and significance of estrogen receptor beta. Endocr. Rev. 2005; 26(3):465-478. doi: 10.1210/er.2004-0027Korach K.S., Hewitt S.C., Hamilton K.J., Li Y., Ramsey J. T., Garcia M., Mathura E., Arao Y Physiological and pathological roles of estrogen receptor: celebrating the 60th anniversary of the discovery of ER // Estrogen receptor and breast cancer / X.Zhang (ed.). Springer International Publishing, 2019. Р. 15-47. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-99350-8_2Korach K.S., Hewitt S.C., Hamilton K.J., Li Y., Ramsey J. T., Garcia M., Mathura E., Arao Y Physiological and pathological roles of estrogen receptor: celebrating the 60th anniversary of the discovery of ER. In: Zhang X., editor. Estrogen receptor and breast cancer. Springer International Publishing; 2019:15-47. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-99350-8_2Kumar R., Yadav A., Pakrasi P.L. Expression of ER-a and ER-P during peri-implantation period in uterus is essential for implantation and decidualization in golden hamster // Life Sci. 2017. Vol.170. Р.115-122. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.12.002Kumar R., Yadav A., Pakrasi P.L. Expression of ER-a and ER-P during peri-implantation period in uterus is essential for implantation and decidualization in golden hamster. Life Sci. 2017; 170:115-122. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.12.002Lecce G., Meduri G., Ancelin M., Bergeron C., Perrot-Applanat M. Presence of estrogen receptor bin the human endometrium through the cycle: expression in glandular, stromal, and vascular cells // J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2001. Vol.86, №3. P.1379-1386. doi: 10.1210/jcem.86.3.7322Lecce G., Meduri G., Ancelin M., Bergeron C., Perrot-Applanat M. Presence of estrogen receptor bin the human endometrium through the cycle: expression in glandular, stromal, and vascular cells. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2001; 86(3):1379-1386. doi: 10.1210/jcem.86.3.7322Li Y., Sun X., Dey S.K. Entosis allows timely elimination of the luminal epithelial barrier for embryo implantation // Cell Rep. 2015. Vol.11, №3. Р.358-365. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.03.035Li Y, Sun X., Dey S.K. Entosis allows timely elimination of the luminal epithelial barrier for embryo implantation. Cell Rep. 2015; 11(3):358-365. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.03.035Ma W.G., Song H., Das S.K., Paria B.C., Dey S.K. Estrogen is a critical determinant that specifies the duration of the window of uterine receptivity for implantation // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2003. Vol.100, №5. Р.2963-2968. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0530162100Ma W.G., Song H., Das S.K., Paria B.C., Dey S.K. Estrogen is a critical determinant that specifies the duration of the window of uterine receptivity for implantation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2003; 100(5):2963-2968. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0530162100Maiti K., Paul J.W., Read M., Chan E.C., Riley S.C., Nahar P., Smith R. G-1-activated membrane estrogen receptors mediate increased contractility of the human myometrium // Endocrinology. 2011. Vol.152, №6. Р.2448-2455. doi: 10.1210/en.2010-0979Maiti K., Paul J.W., Read M., Chan E.C., Riley S.C., Nahar P., Smith R. G-1-activated membrane estrogen receptors mediate increased contractility of the human myometrium. Endocrinology 2011; 152(6):2448-2455. doi: 10.1210/en.2010-0979Maliqueo M., Echiburu B., Crisosto N. Sex steroids modulate uterine-placental vasculature: implications for obstetrics and neonatal outcomes // Front. Physiol. 2016. Vol.7. Р.152. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00152Maliqueo M., Echiburu B., Crisosto N. Sex steroids modulate uterine-placental vasculature: implications for obstetrics and neonatal outcomes. Front. Physiol. 2016; 7:152. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00152Matsumoto H. Molecular and cellular events during blastocyst implantation in the receptive uterus: clues from mouse models // J. Reprod. Dev. 2017. Vol.63, №5. R445-454. doi: 10.1262/jrd.2017-047Matsumoto H. Molecular and cellular events during blastocyst implantation in the receptive uterus: clues from mouse models. J. Reprod. Dev. 2017; 63(5):445-454. doi: 10.1262/jrd.2017-047Namiki T., Ito J., Kashiwazaki N. Molecular mechanisms of embryonic implantation in mammals: Lessons from the gene manipulation of mice // Reprod. Med. Biol. 2018. Vol.17, №4. Р.331-342. doi: 10.1002/rmb2.12103Namiki T., Ito J., Kashiwazaki N. Molecular mechanisms of embryonic implantation in mammals: Lessons from the gene manipulation of mice. Reprod. Med. Biol. 2018; 17(4):331-342. doi: 10.1002/rmb2.12103Ozturk S., Demir R. Particular functions of estrogen and progesterone in establishment of uterine receptivity and embryo implantation // Histol. Histopathol. 2010. Vol.25, №9. Р.1215-1228. doi: 10.14670/HH-25.1215Ozturk S., Demir R. Particular functions of estrogen and progesterone in establishment of uterine receptivity and embryo implantation. Histol. Histopathol. 2010; 25(9):1215-1228. doi: 10.14670/HH-25.1215Pastore M.B., Jobe S.O., Ramadoss J., Magness R.R. Estrogen receptor-a and estrogen receptor-р in the uterine vascular endothelium during pregnancy: functional implications for regulating uterine blood flow // Semin. Reprod. Med. 2012. Vol.30, №1. Р.46-61. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1299597Pastore M.B., Jobe S.O., Ramadoss J., Magness R.R. Estrogen receptor-a and estrogen receptor-р in the uterine vascular endothelium during pregnancy: functional implications for regulating uterine blood flow. Semin. Reprod. Med. 2012; 30(1):46-61. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1299597Pawar S., Laws M.J., Bagchi I.C., Bagchi M.K. Uterine epithelial estrogen receptor-alpha controls decidualization via a paracrine mechanism // Mol. Endocrinol. 2015. Vol.29, №9. Р.1362-1374. doi: 10.1210/me.2015-1142Pawar S., Laws M.J., Bagchi I.C., Bagchi M.K. Uterine epithelial estrogen receptor-alpha controls decidualization via a paracrine mechanism. Mol. Endocrinol. 2015; 29(9):1362-1374. doi: 10.1210/me.2015-1142Plewka A., Plewka D., Nowaczyk G. Expression of estrogen receptors in placentas originating from premature deliveries induced by arterial hypertension // Recent advances in research on the human placenta / Ed. J.Zheng. InTech, 2012. P.165-178. doi: 10.5772/32336. URL: https://www.intechopen.com/books/recent-advances-in-research-on-the-human-placenta/expression-of-estrogen-receptors-in-placentas-originating-from-premature-deliveries-induced-by-arterPlewka A., Plewka D., Nowaczyk G. Expression of estrogen receptors in placentas originating from premature deliveries induced by arterial hypertension. In: Zheng J., editor. Recent advances in research on the human placenta. InTech; 2012: 165-178. doi: 10.5772/32336. Available at: https://www.intechopen.com/books/recent-advances-in-re-search-on-the-human-placenta/expression-of-estrogen-receptors-in-placentas-originating-from-premature-deliveries-in-duced-by-arterRobertshaw I., Bian F., Das S.K. Mechanisms of uterine estrogen signaling during early pregnancy in mice: an update // J. Mol. Endocrinol. 2016. Vol.56. №3. P.R127-138. doi: 10.1530/JME-15-0300Robertshaw I., Bian F., Das S.K. Mechanisms of uterine estrogen signaling during early pregnancy in mice: an update. J. Mol. Endocrinol. 2016; 56(3):R127-138. doi: 10.1530/JME-15-0300Schiessl B., Mylonas I., Hantschmann P., Kuhn C., Schulze S., Kunze S., Friese K., Jeschke U. Expression of endothelial NO synthase, inducible NO synthase, and estrogen receptors alpha and beta in placental tissue of normal, preeclamptic, and intrauterine growth-restricted pregnancies // J. Histochem. Cytochem. 2005. Vol.53, №12. Р. 1441-1449. doi: 10.1369/jhc.4A6480.2005Schiessl B., Mylonas I., Hantschmann P., Kuhn C., Schulze S., Kunze S., Friese K., Jeschke U. Expression of endothelial NO synthase, inducible NO synthase, and estrogen receptors alpha and beta in placental tissue of normal, preeclamptic, and intrauterine growth-restricted pregnancies. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 2005; 53(12):1441-1449. doi: 10.1369/jhc.4A6480.2005Sharma G., Mauvais-Jarvis F., Prossnitz ER. Roles of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor GPER in metabolic regulation// J. Steroid. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2018. Vol.176. Р.31-37. doi: 10.1016/jjsbmb.2017.02.012Sharma G., Mauvais-Jarvis F., Prossnitz ER. Roles of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor GPER in metabolic regulation. J. Steroid. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2018; 176:31-37. doi: 10.1016/jjsbmb.2017.02.012Sun X., Park C.B., Deng W., Potter S.S., Dey S.K. Uterine inactivation of muscle segment homeobox (Msx) genes alters epithelial cell junction proteins during embryo implantation // FASEB J. 2016. Vol.30, №4. Р.1425-1435. doi: 10.1096/fj.15-282798Sun X., Park C.B., Deng W., Potter S.S., Dey S.K. Uterine inactivation of muscle segment homeobox (Msx) genes alters epithelial cell junction proteins during embryo implantation. FASEB J. 2016; 30(4):1425-1435. doi: 10.1096/fj.15-282798Taylor A.H., Fox K.R. Effectiveness of a primary care exercise referral intervention for changing physical selfperceptions over 9 months // Health Psychol. 2005. Vol.24, №1. P. 11-21. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.24.1.11Taylor A.H., Fox K.R. Effectiveness of a primary care exercise referral intervention for changing physical selfperceptions over 9 months. Health Psychol. 2005; 24(1): 11-21. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.24.1.11Tica O.S., Comanescu A., Bogdan M., Alexandra D.O., Tica A.A., Ciurea T. The estrogen-induced effects on myometrium are the result of activation of two different receptor types: GPER and ERa // Curr. Health Sci. J. 2015. Vol.41, №3. Р.209-212. doi: 10.12865/CHSJ.41.03.03Tica O.S., Comanescu A., Bogdan M., Alexandra D.O., Tica A.A., Ciurea T. The estrogen-induced effects on myometrium are the result of activation of two different receptor types: GPER and ERa. Curr. Health Sci. J. 2015; 41(3):209-212. doi: 10.12865/CHSJ.41.03.03Vicetti Miguel R.D., Sheridan B.S., Harvey S.A., Schreiner R.S., Hendricks R.L., Cherpes T.L. 17-beta estradiol promotion of herpes simplex virus type 1 reactivation is estrogen receptor dependent // J. Virol. 2010. Vol.84, №1. Р.565-572. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01374-09Vicetti Miguel R.D., Sheridan B.S., Harvey S.A., Schreiner R.S., Hendricks R.L., Cherpes T.L. 17-beta estradiol promotion of herpes simplex virus type 1 reactivation is estrogen receptor dependent. J. Virol. 2010; 84(1):565-572. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01374-09Welsh T., Johnson M., Yi L., Tan H., Rahman R., Merlino A., Zakar T., Mesiano S. Estrogen receptor (ER) expression and function in the pregnant human myometrium: estradiol via ERa activates ERK1/2 signaling in term myometrium // J. Endocrinol. 2012. Vol.212, №2. Р.227-238. doi: 10.1530/JOE-11-0358Welsh T., Johnson M., Yi L., Tan H., Rahman R., Merlino A., Zakar T., Mesiano S. Estrogen receptor (ER) expression and function in the pregnant human myometrium: estradiol via ERa activates ERK1/2 signaling in term myometrium. J. Endocrinol. 2012; 212(2):227-238. doi: 10.1530/JOE-11-0358Wu J.J., Geimonen E. Andersen J. Increased expression of estrogen receptor beta in human uterine smooth muscle at term // Eur. J. Endocrinol. 2000. Vol.142, №1. Р. 92-99.Wu J.J., Geimonen E. Andersen J. Increased expression of estrogen receptor beta in human uterine smooth muscle at term. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 2000; 142(1):92-99.Zimmerman M.A., Budish R.A., Kashyap S., Lindsey S.H.GPER-novel membrane oestrogen receptor // Clin. Sci. (Lond.). 2016. Vol.130, №12. P.1005-1016. doi: 10.1042/CS20160114Zimmerman M.A., Budish R.A., Kashyap S., Lindsey S.H.GPER-novel membrane oestrogen receptor // Clin. Sci. (Lond.). 2016. Vol.130, №12. P.1005-1016. doi: 10.1042/CS20160114

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.