<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cfpd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Бюллетень физиологии и патологии дыхания</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-5029</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cfpd-448</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ СПЕКТРА ЦИТОКИНОВ В СЫВОРОТКЕ КРОВИ БОЛЬНЫХ БРОНХИАЛЬНОЙ 
АСТМОЙ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ СТЕПЕНИ ТЯЖЕСТИ И ФОРМЫ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>CHANGES IN THE SPECTRUM OF CYTOKINES IN BLOOD SERUM IN BRONCHIAL ASTHMA PATIENTS DEPENDING ON SEVERITY AND FORM OF THE DISEASE</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лазуткина</surname><given-names>Елена Леонидовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lazutkina</surname><given-names>Elena L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">amurlaz@mail.ru &lt;mailto:amurlaz@mail.ru&gt;</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ландышев</surname><given-names>Юрий Сергеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Landyshev</surname><given-names>Yurii S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цырендоржиев</surname><given-names>Дондок Дамдинович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsyrendorzhiev</surname><given-names>Dondok D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">tsdon@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ландышев</surname><given-names>Сергей Юрьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Landyshev</surname><given-names>Sergey Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">amurgma@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБОУ ВПО Амурская государственная медицинская академия Минздравсоцразвития РФ</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Amur State Medical Academy</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ НИИ клинической иммунологии Сибирского отделения РАМН</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Clinical Immunology of Siberian Branch RAMS</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>02</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>43</issue><fpage>13</fpage><lpage>18</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лазуткина Е.Л., Ландышев Ю.С., Цырендоржиев Д.Д., Ландышев С.Ю., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лазуткина Е.Л., Ландышев Ю.С., Цырендоржиев Д.Д., Ландышев С.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lazutkina E.L., Landyshev Y.S., Tsyrendorzhiev D.D., Landyshev S.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/448">https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/448</self-uri><abstract><p>Проведена оценка изменений спектра про- и противовоспалительных цитокинов у больных бронхиальной астмой в зависимости от тяжести течения и формы заболевания. Всего обследовано 115 больных, среди которых у 41 пациента была бронхиальная астма средней степени тяжести, у 42 больных установлена тяжелая степень заболевания и у 32 пациентов - тяжелая стероидозависимая бронхиальная астма. По форме заболевания больные распределились следующим образом: у 70 больных была установлена смешанная и у 45 - неаллергическая форма бронхиальной астмы. Всем обследованным в сыворотке крови определяли содержание провоспалительных (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 и TNF-α) и противовоспалительных (IL-4) цитокинов. В результате исследования установлено увеличение провоспалительных цитокинов IL-1β, IL-6 и IL-8 в зависимости от тяжести течения заболевания в 1,2-3,2, 2,1-2,8 и 1,6-3,4 раза, соответственно, что свидетельствуют об усилении активности воспалительного процесса на фоне компенсаторного роста уровня противовоспалительного цитокина IL-4 в 2,1-18,6 раз. Показано, что у больных неаллергической бронхиальной астмой воспалительный процесс протекает активнее, чем у пациентов со смешанной формой болезни, о чем свидетельствует повышенный уровень содержания провоспалительных цитокинов. При тяжелой стероидозависимой бронхиальной астме установлено сохранение высокого уровня IL-8 вне зависимости от формы и тяжести заболевания, что может свидетельствовать о развитии резистентности клеток-продуцентов к действию глюкокортикоидных гормонов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper deals with the research on changes in the spectrum of pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines in bronchial asthma patients as related to the severity of the disease. 115 patients have been examined with 41 patients having disease of medium severity, 42 having severe forms of the disease, and 32 with steroid-dependant forms. Along with that 45 of the patients were found to have non-allergic bronchial asthma, while 70 had a mixed bronchial asthma form. All the patients were tested for proinflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α) and antiinflammatory (IL-4) cytokines. As a result, it was found out that the level of proinflammatory cytokines tends to increase: IL-1β in 1.2-3.2 times, IL-6 - 2.1-2.8 times and IL-8 in 1.6-3.4 times in accord with bronchial asthma severity, which can be attributed to intensification of inflammatory process activity along with compensatory growth of antiinflammatory cytokine levels in 2.1-18.6 times. The research shows that inflammatory process develops more actively with non-allergic bronchial asthma patients as compared to the ones having a mixed bronchial asthma form, which is proved by the growth in proinflammatory cytokines rates. It has been found that in patients with severe forms of steroid-dependant bronchial asthma high levels of IL-8 persist not depending on the form or severity of the disease, which can result from the development of cell-producers' resistance to glucocorticoid hormones.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бронхиальная астма</kwd><kwd>аллергия</kwd><kwd>воспаление</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bronchial asthma</kwd><kwd>allergy</kwd><kwd>inflammatory process</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бережная Н.М. Сложности интерпретации цитокиновой регуляции при патологии (астма, рак, дерматиты) // Аллергол. и иммунол. 2004. Т.5, №3. С.368-369.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Бережная Н.М. Сложности интерпретации цитокиновой регуляции при патологии (астма, рак, дерматиты) // Аллергол. и иммунол. 2004. Т.5, №3. С.368-369.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Система цитокинов и болезни органов дыхания / Б.И.Гельцер [и др.] // Тер. арх. 2002. Т.74, №11. С.94-99.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Система цитокинов и болезни органов дыхания / Б.И.Гельцер [и др.] // Тер. арх. 2002. Т.74, №11. С.94-99.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Емельянов &lt;http://elibrary.ru/author_items.asp?authorid=571452&gt; А.В., Счетчикова О.С. Механизмы развития и современная концепция лечения бронхиальной астмы (обзор литературы) // Рос. аллергол. журн &lt;http://elibrary.ru/contents.asp?issueid=448037&gt;. 2007. №4. С.9-17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Емельянов &lt;http://elibrary.ru/author_items.asp?authorid=571452&gt; А.В., Счетчикова О.С. Механизмы развития и современная концепция лечения бронхиальной астмы (обзор литературы) // Рос. аллергол. журн &lt;http://elibrary.ru/contents.asp?issueid=448037&gt;. 2007. №4. С.9-17.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Колосов В.П., Манаков Л.Г. Респираторное здоровье населения и основные направления оптимизации пульмонологической помощи на территории Дальневосточного федерального округа // Бюл. физиол. и патол. дыхания. 2011. Вып.40. С.9-15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Колосов В.П., Манаков Л.Г. Респираторное здоровье населения и основные направления оптимизации пульмонологической помощи на территории Дальневосточного федерального округа // Бюл. физиол. и патол. дыхания. 2011. Вып.40. С.9-15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маянский Д.Н. Лекции по клинической патологии: руководство для врачей, 2-е изд. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2008. 464 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Маянский Д.Н. Лекции по клинической патологии: руководство для врачей, 2-е изд. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2008. 464 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мониторинг цитокинового профиля у больных бронхиальной астмой: влияние глюкокортикоидной терапии / Н.Л.Шапорова [и др.] // Мед. иммунол. 2001. Т.3, №1. С.69-76.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Мониторинг цитокинового профиля у больных бронхиальной астмой: влияние глюкокортикоидной терапии / Н.Л.Шапорова [и др.] // Мед. иммунол. 2001. Т.3, №1. С.69-76.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Щеглова М.Ю. Система цитокинов в норме и при болезнях органов дыхания // Бюл. физиол. и патол. дыхания. 2005. Вып.21. С.93-97.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Щеглова М.Ю. Система цитокинов в норме и при болезнях органов дыхания // Бюл. физиол. и патол. дыхания. 2005. Вып.21. С.93-97.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barnes P.J., Pedersen S. Efficacy and safety of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma. Report of a workshop held in Eze, France, October 1992 // Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1993. Vol.148, №4(Pt.2). P.1-26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barnes P.J., Pedersen S. Efficacy and safety of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma. Report of a workshop held in Eze, France, October 1992 // Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1993. Vol.148, №4(Pt.2). P.1-26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Inflammation of bronchial smooth muscle in allergic asthma / H.Begueret [et al.] // Thorax. 2007. Vol.62. P.8-15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Inflammation of bronchial smooth muscle in allergic asthma / H.Begueret [et al.] // Thorax. 2007. Vol.62. P.8-15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Holgate S.T. The airway epithelium is central to the pathogenesis of asthma // Allergol. Int. 2008. Vol.57, №1. P.1-10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Holgate S.T. The airway epithelium is central to the pathogenesis of asthma // Allergol. Int. 2008. Vol.57, №1. P.1-10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cytokine profile of bronchoalveolar lavage-derived CD4+, CD8+, and γδT-cells in people with asthma after segmental allergen challenge / N.Krug [et al.] // Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 2001. Vol.25, №1. P.125-131.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cytokine profile of bronchoalveolar lavage-derived CD4+, CD8+, and γδT-cells in people with asthma after segmental allergen challenge / N.Krug [et al.] // Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 2001. Vol.25, №1. P.125-131.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Inhibition of interleukin-8 expression by dexamethasone in human cultered airway epithelial cells / O.J.Kwon [et al.] // Immunology. 1994. Vol.81, №3. P.389-394.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Inhibition of interleukin-8 expression by dexamethasone in human cultered airway epithelial cells / O.J.Kwon [et al.] // Immunology. 1994. Vol.81, №3. P.389-394.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A murine IL-4 receptor antagonist that inhibits IL-4 and IL-13-induced responses prevents antigen-induced airway eosinophilia and airway hyperresponsiveness / A.Tomkinson [et al.] // J. Immunol. 2001. Vol.166, №9. P.5792-5800.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A murine IL-4 receptor antagonist that inhibits IL-4 and IL-13-induced responses prevents antigen-induced airway eosinophilia and airway hyperresponsiveness / A.Tomkinson [et al.] // J. Immunol. 2001. Vol.166, №9. P.5792-5800.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">New insights into the pathogenesis of severe corticosteroid-dependent asthma / B.Vrugt [et al.] // J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 1996. Vol.98, №5. P.22-26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">New insights into the pathogenesis of severe corticosteroid-dependent asthma / B.Vrugt [et al.] // J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 1996. Vol.98, №5. P.22-26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Interleukin-4 and interleukin-5 gene expression and inflammation in the mucus-secreting glands and subepithelial tissue of smokers with chronic bronchitis. Lack of relationship with CD8(+) cells / J.Zhu [et al.] // Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2001. Vol.164, №12. P.2220-2228.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Interleukin-4 and interleukin-5 gene expression and inflammation in the mucus-secreting glands and subepithelial tissue of smokers with chronic bronchitis. Lack of relationship with CD8(+) cells / J.Zhu [et al.] // Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2001. Vol.164, №12. P.2220-2228.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berezhnaya N.M. Allergologiya i immunologiya 2004; 5(3):368-369.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berezhnaya N.M. Allergologiya i immunologiya 2004; 5(3):368-369.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gel'tser B.I., Markelova E.V., Prosekova E.V., Kochetkova E.A. Terapevticheskii arkhiv 2002; 74(11):94-99.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gel'tser B.I., Markelova E.V., Prosekova E.V., Kochetkova E.A. Terapevticheskii arkhiv 2002; 74(11):94-99.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Emel'yanov A.V., Schetchikova O.S. Rossiyskiy allergologicheskiy zhurnal 2007; 4:9-17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Emel'yanov A.V., Schetchikova O.S. Rossiyskiy allergologicheskiy zhurnal 2007; 4:9-17.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kolosov V.P., Manakov L.G. Bûlleten' fiziologii i patologii dyhaniyâ 2011; 40:9-15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolosov V.P., Manakov L.G. Bûlleten' fiziologii i patologii dyhaniyâ 2011; 40:9-15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mayanskiy D.N. Lektsii po klinicheskoy patologii: rukovodstvo dlya vrachey, 2-e izdanie [Lectures about clinical pathology: manual for doctors, 2-nd edition]. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mayanskiy D.N. Lektsii po klinicheskoy patologii: rukovodstvo dlya vrachey, 2-e izdanie [Lectures about clinical pathology: manual for doctors, 2-nd edition]. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shaporova N.L., Trofimov V.I., Shiri Ziad Ali, Ses' T.P., Malyshev M.E., Vasil'eva T.A., Dudina O.V. Meditsinskaya immunologiya 2001; 3(1):69-76.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shaporova N.L., Trofimov V.I., Shiri Ziad Ali, Ses' T.P., Malyshev M.E., Vasil'eva T.A., Dudina O.V. Meditsinskaya immunologiya 2001; 3(1):69-76.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shcheglova M.Yu. Bûlleten' fiziologii i patologii dyhaniyâ 2005; 21:93-97.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shcheglova M.Yu. Bûlleten' fiziologii i patologii dyhaniyâ 2005; 21:93-97.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barnes P.J., Pedersen S. Efficacy and safety of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma. Report of a workshop held in Eze, France, October 1992. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1993; 148 (4 Pt 2):1-26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barnes P.J., Pedersen S. Efficacy and safety of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma. Report of a workshop held in Eze, France, October 1992. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1993; 148 (4 Pt 2):1-26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Begueret H., Berger P., Vernejoux J.M, Dubuisson L., Marthan R., Tunon-de-Lara J.M. Inflammation of bronchial smooth muscle in allergic asthma. Thorax 2007; 62:8-15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Begueret H., Berger P., Vernejoux J.M, Dubuisson L., Marthan R., Tunon-de-Lara J.M. Inflammation of bronchial smooth muscle in allergic asthma. Thorax 2007; 62:8-15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Holgate S.T. The airway epithelium is central to the pathogenesis of asthma. Allergol. Int. 2008.; 57(1):1-10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Holgate S.T. The airway epithelium is central to the pathogenesis of asthma. Allergol. Int. 2008.; 57(1):1-10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krug N., Erpenbeck V.J., Balke K., Petschallies J., Tschernig T., Hohlfeld J.M., Fabel H. Cytokine profile of bronchoalveolar lavage-derived CD4+, CD8+, and γδT-cells in people with asthma after segmental allergen challenge Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 2001: 25(1):125-131.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krug N., Erpenbeck V.J., Balke K., Petschallies J., Tschernig T., Hohlfeld J.M., Fabel H. Cytokine profile of bronchoalveolar lavage-derived CD4+, CD8+, and γδT-cells in people with asthma after segmental allergen challenge Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 2001: 25(1):125-131.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kwon O.J., Au B.T., Collins P.D., Baraniuk J.N., Adcock I.M., Chung K.F., Barnes P.J. Inhibition of interleukin-8 expression by dexamethasone in human cultered airway epithelial cells. Immunology 1994; 81(3):389-394.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kwon O.J., Au B.T., Collins P.D., Baraniuk J.N., Adcock I.M., Chung K.F., Barnes P.J. Inhibition of interleukin-8 expression by dexamethasone in human cultered airway epithelial cells. Immunology 1994; 81(3):389-394.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tomkinson A., Duez C., Cieslewicz G., Pratt J.C., Joetham A., Shanafelt M.C., Gundel R &lt;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Gundel%20R%22%5BAuthor%5D&gt;., Gelfand E.W &lt;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Gelfand%20EW%22%5BAuthor%5D&gt;. A murine IL-4 receptor antagonist that inhibits IL-4 and IL-13-induced responses prevents antigen-induced airway eosinophilia and airway hyperresponsiveness. J. Immunol. 2001; 166(9):5792-5800.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tomkinson A., Duez C., Cieslewicz G., Pratt J.C., Joetham A., Shanafelt M.C., Gundel R &lt;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Gundel%20R%22%5BAuthor%5D&gt;., Gelfand E.W &lt;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Gelfand%20EW%22%5BAuthor%5D&gt;. A murine IL-4 receptor antagonist that inhibits IL-4 and IL-13-induced responses prevents antigen-induced airway eosinophilia and airway hyperresponsiveness. J. Immunol. 2001; 166(9):5792-5800.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vrugt B., Djukanovic R., Bron A., Aalbers R. New insights into the pathogenesis of severe corticosteroid-dependent asthma. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 1996; 98(5):22-26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vrugt B., Djukanovic R., Bron A., Aalbers R. New insights into the pathogenesis of severe corticosteroid-dependent asthma. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 1996; 98(5):22-26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhu J., Majumdar S., Qiu Y., Ansari T., Oliva A., Kips J.C., Pauwels R.A, De Rose V., Jeffery P.K. Interleukin-4 and interleukin-5 gene expression and inflammation in the mucus-secreting glands and subepithelial tissue of smokers with chronic bronchitis. Lack of relationship with CD8(+) cells. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2001; 164(12):2220-2228.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhu J., Majumdar S., Qiu Y., Ansari T., Oliva A., Kips J.C., Pauwels R.A, De Rose V., Jeffery P.K. Interleukin-4 and interleukin-5 gene expression and inflammation in the mucus-secreting glands and subepithelial tissue of smokers with chronic bronchitis. Lack of relationship with CD8(+) cells. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2001; 164(12):2220-2228.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
