cfpdБюллетень физиологии и патологии дыханияBulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration1998-5029Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания10.36604/1998-5029-2020-75-104-114cfpd-790Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSМеханический стресс как фактор ремоделирования дыхательных путей при хронических респираторных заболеваниях, сопровождающихся синдромом бронхиальной обструкции (обзор литературы)Mechanical stress as a factor of airway remodeling in chronic respiratory diseases with bronchial obstruction syndrome (review)АфанасьеваЕ. Ю.Afanas’evaE. Yu.

Евгения Юрьевна Афанасьева - младший научный сотрудник, лаборатория функциональных методов исследования дыхательной системы.

675000, Благовещенск, ул. Калинина, 22

Evgeniya Yu. Afanas’eva - MD, Junior Staff Scientist, Laboratory of Functional Research of Respiratory System.

22 Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000

evgeniyananev@yandex.ruНаумовД. Е.NaumovD. E.

Денис Евгеньевич Наумов - кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий лабораторией молекулярных и трансляционных исследований.

675000, Благовещенск, ул. Калинина, 22

Denis E. Naumov, MD, PhD (Med.), Head of Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Research.

22 Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000

denn1985@bk.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыханияFar Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration202031032020075104114Copyright © Афанасьева Е.Ю., Наумов Д.Е., 20202020Афанасьева Е.Ю., Наумов Д.Е.Afanas’eva E.Y., Naumov D.E.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/790

В настоящем обзоре обобщены и проанализированы результаты современных экспериментальных исследований, указывающих на участие механического стресса, как независимого ключевого фактора, в формировании ремоделирования дыхательных путей у больных хроническими обструктивными заболеваниями легких, в частности бронхиальной астмой (БА) и хронической обструктивной болезнью легких (ХОБЛ). Механизмы, модулирующие структурную перестройку респираторного тракта, рассмотрены на уровне эпителия, фибробластов и гладкомышечных клеток дыхательных путей. Уделено внимание возможным молекулярным механизмам, опосредующим воздействие механического стресса на дыхательные пути в условиях повышенного бронхиального сопротивления. Рассмотрено возможное участие в процессе ремоделирования каналов с транзиторным рецепторным потенциалом (TRP), обладающих механорецепторными свойствами. Эти каналы широко экспрессированы в респираторном тракте и могут оказывать влияние на формирование структурных изменений бронхиальной стенки при БА и ХОБЛ под воздействием механических сил, приводящих к деформации тканей. На сегодняшний день отсутствуют эффективные средства фармакотерапии, предотвращающие ремоделирование дыхательных путей у больных БА и ХОБЛ, что делает изучение роли механорецепторов в этом патологическом процессе чрезвычайно актуальным.

This review summarizes and analyzes the results of modern experimental studies indicating the involvement of mechanical stress as an independent key factor in the formation of airway remodeling in patients with chronic obstructive lung diseases, in particular asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The mechanisms modulating the structural changes of the respiratory tract are described at the level of the respiratory epithelium, fibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells. Attention is paid to possible molecular mechanisms mediating the effect of mechanical stress on the respiratory tract under conditions of increased bronchial resistance. Possible participation of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels with mechanoreceptor properties in the process of remodeling is reviewed. These channels are widely expressed in the respiratory tract and can affect the formation of structural changes in the bronchial wall in asthma and COPD under the influence of mechanical forces leading to tissue deformation. To date, there are no effective pharmacotherapy agents that may prevent airway remodeling in patients with asthma and COPD, what makes the study of the role of the mechanoreceptors in this pathological process extremely relevant.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.