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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cfpd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Бюллетень физиологии и патологии дыхания</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-5029</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36604/1998-5029-2020-77-107-116</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cfpd-826</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Основные физиологические механизмы и адаптационные реакции при закаливании организма в условиях холодного климата</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Basic physiological mechanisms and adaptation reactions in the cold training of the organism in cold climate areas</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбунов</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbunov</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Михайлович Горбунов, канд. биол. наук, доцент, кафедра теории методики физической культуры, безопасности жизнедеятельности и здоровья</p><p>675000, г. Благовещенск, ул. Ленина, 104</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail M. Gorbunov, PhD (Biol.), Associate Professor, Department of Theory of Methods of Physical Culture, Life Safety and Health</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gorbunovmed@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коршунова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korshunova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Владимировна Коршунова, д-р мед. наук, профессор, кафедра теории методики физической культуры, безопасности жизнедеятельности и здоровья</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Korshunova, MD, PhD, D.Sc. (Med.), Professor, Department of Theory of Methods of Physical Culture, Life Safety and Health</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tmfkbgz@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юречко</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yurechko</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Валентиновна Юречко, канд. пед. наук, доцент, декан факультета физической культуры и спорта</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Yurechko, PhD (Pedagogy), Associate Professor, Dean of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sportdis@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Благовещенский государственный педагогический университет»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Blagoveshchensk State Pedagogical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>09</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>77</issue><fpage>107</fpage><lpage>116</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Горбунов М.М., Коршунова Н.В., Юречко О.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Горбунов М.М., Коршунова Н.В., Юречко О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gorbunov M.M., Korshunova N.V., Yurechko O.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/826">https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/826</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлены наиболее значимые литературные данные о влиянии закаливания человека на возможности адаптационных реакций организма к низким температурам окружающей среды. Показаны важнейшие функции терморецепторов как афферентного звена в передаче информации правильной ее переработке и адекватной реакции организма на действие неблагоприятных факторов внешней среды. Рассмотрены основные физиологические реакции организма на кратковременное и длительное действие холода. Описаны процессы метаболической, вегетативной, гормональной перестройки, помогающей человеку адаптироваться в условиях профессиональной деятельности и проживания в суровых климатических условиях. Освещены основные принципы закаливающего и тренирующего воздействия факторов окружающей среды на человека. Дан анализ литературных данных о способах и методах тренировки сопротивляемости организма при различных его дисфункциях в условиях холода. Исследовалось положительное действие холода на организм человека. В статье проведён анализ современных оздоровительных и закаливающих технологий. Представлены методы, сочетающие закаливающие процедуры с применением лекарственных препаратов и физических упражнений для более быстрой и эффективной адаптации к воздействию низких температур.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents the most significant literature data on the influence of hardening of a person on the possibilities of adaptive reactions of the body to low ambient temperatures. The most important functions of temperature receptors as an afferent link in the transmission of information, its correct processing and an adequate response of the body to the action of unfavorable environmental factors are shown. The review considers the main physiological reactions of the body to short-term and long-term exposure to cold. The processes of metabolic, vegetative, hormonal changes that help a person to adapt in terms of professional activity and living in harsh climatic conditions are described. The main principles of the hardening and training influence of environmental factors on a person are highlighted. The analysis of the literature data on the methods and methods of training the body’s resistance in case of its various dysfunctions in cold conditions is given. The positive effect of cold on the human body was studied. The article analyzes modern health-improving and cold training technologies. Methods are presented that combine cold training procedures with the use of drugs and physical exercises for faster and more effective adaptation to low temperatures.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>низкие температуры окружающей среды</kwd><kwd>влияние холода на организм человека</kwd><kwd>холодовой стресс</kwd><kwd>адаптация к холоду</kwd><kwd>закаливающие процедуры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>low ambient temperatures</kwd><kwd>cooling effect on the human body</kwd><kwd>cold stress</kwd><kwd>cold adaptation</kwd><kwd>adaptation</kwd><kwd>cold training procedures</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Голохваст К.С., Чайка В.В. Некоторые аспекты механизма влияния низких температур на человека и животных (литературный обзор) // Вестник новых медицинских технологий. 2011. Т.18, №2. 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