cfpdБюллетень физиологии и патологии дыханияBulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration1998-5029Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания10.36604/1998-5029-2021-79-141-153cfpd-869Research ArticleЛЕКЦИИLECTURESЗначение апоптоза и экструзии для сохранения структуры эпителия дыхательных путейImportance of apoptosis and extrusion for preserving the structure of the airway epitheliumКрасавинаН. П.KrasavinaN. P.

Надежда Павловна Красавина, д-р мед. наук, профессор, профессор кафедры гистологии и биологии 

675000, г. Благовещенск, ул. Горького, 95

Nadezhda P. Krasavina, PhD, DSc (Med.), Professor, Department of Histology and Biology 

95 Gor'kogo Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000

nadyagma@mail.ruЦелуйкоС. С.TseluykoS. S.

Сергей Семенович Целуйко, д-р мед. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой гистологии и биологии 

675000, г. Благовещенск, ул. Горького, 95

Sergey S. Tseluyko, PhD, DSc (Med.), Professor, Head of Department of Histology and Biology 

95 Gor'kogo Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000

agma.agma@yandex.ruЗубовА. А.ZubovA. A.

Алексей Андреевич Зубов, ассистент кафедры гистологии и биологии 

675000, г. Благовещенск, ул. Горького, 95

Aleksey A. Zubov, Assistant of Department of Histology and Biology 

95 Gor'kogo Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000

alvar2@mail.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Амурская государственная медицинская академия» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииAmur State Medical Academy202102042021079141153Copyright © Красавина Н.П., Целуйко С.С., Зубов А.А., 20212021Красавина Н.П., Целуйко С.С., Зубов А.А.Krasavina N.P., Tseluyko S.S., Zubov A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/869

Размножение и поддержание целостности эпителиального пласта требует точно сбалансированной скорости роста и гибели клеток. В переполненных участках ткани часть клеток претерпевает последовательную потерю межклеточных соединений, что приводит к прогрессирующему снижению их числа. Чтобы сохранить неповрежденный барьер, эпителий устраняет погибающие клетки путем экструзии. Экструзия клеток – уникальное морфологическое явление, присущее эпителию, при котором клетки, подверженные апоптозу или не апоптотические элементы удаляются из ткани, не нарушая при этом симметрию пласта. Во время экструзии, участок, предназначенный для апоптоза, за счет сигналов соседних элементов, формирует и сжимает кольцо актомиозинового комплекса, что приводит к удалению погибающих клеток из эпителия. Апоптоз эпителиальных клеток дыхательных путей является основным механизмом уменьшения клеточного числа после гиперпластических изменений в нем, возникающих при воздействии негативных факторов, вирусной или бактериальной инфекции. Авторы демонстрируют свои оригинальные фотографии по экструзии эпителиоцитов дыхательных путей.

Reproduction and maintenance of the integrity of the epithelial layer requires a precisely balanced rate of growth and cell death. In overcrowded areas of tissue, some of the cells undergo a consecutive loss of intercellular connections, which leads to a progressive decrease in their number. To keep the barrier intact, the epithelium eliminates dying cells by means of extrusion. Cell extrusion is a unique morphological phenomenon inherent in the epithelium, in which cells prone to apoptosis or non-apoptotic elements are removed from the tissue, thus breaking the symmetry of the layer. During extrusion, the site intended for apoptosis, due to signals from neighboring elements, forms and compresses the ring of the actomyosin complex, which leads to the removal of dying cells from the epithelium. Apoptosis of epithelial cells of the respiratory tract is the main mechanism for a decrease in the cell number after hyperplastic changes in it, arising from exposure to negative factors, viral or bacterial infection. In the review, the authors demonstrate the original photographs of the extrusion of airway epithelial cells.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.