cfpdБюллетень физиологии и патологии дыханияBulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration1998-5029Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания10.36604/1998-5029-2021-80-115-128cfpd-888Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSРецепторы свободных жирных кислот со средней и длинной цепью в патофизиологии заболеваний органов дыханияMedium and long chain free fatty acid receptors in the pathophysiology of respiratory diseaseshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5018-0271КытиковаО. Ю.KytikovaO. Yu.

д-р мед. наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории восстановительного лечения, 

690105, г. Владивосток, ул. Русская, 73-г

MD, PhD, DSc (Med.), Staff Scientist of Laboratory of Rehabilitative Treatment, 

73g Russkaya Str., Vladivostok, 690105

kytikova@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6058-201XНовгородцеваТ. П.NovgorodtsevaT. P.

д-р биол. наук, профессор, зам. директора по научной работе, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории биомедицинских исследований, 

690105, г. Владивосток, ул. Русская, 73-г

PhD, DSc (Biol.), Рrofessor, Deputy Director on Scientific Work, Main Staff Scientist of Laboratory of Biomedical Research, 

73g Russkaya Str., Vladivostok, 690105

nauka@niivl.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4130-8899ДенисенкоЮ. К.DenisenkoYu. K.

д-р биол. наук, зав. лабораторией биомедицинских исследований, 

690105, г. Владивосток, ул. Русская, 73-г

PhD, DSc (Biol.), Head of Laboratory of Biomedical Research, 

73g Russkaya Str., Vladivostok, 690105

karaman@inbox.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2492-3198АнтонюкМ. В.AntonyukM. V.

д-р мед. наук, профессор, зав. лабораторией восстановительного лечения, 

690105, г. Владивосток, ул. Русская, 73-г

MD, PhD, DSc (Med.), Рrofessor, Head of Laboratory of Rehabilitative Treatment, 

73g Russkaya Str., Vladivostok, 690105

antonyukm@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6413-9840ГвозденкоТ. А.GvozdenkoT. A.

д-р мед. наук, профессор РАН, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории восстановительного лечения, директор Владивостокского филиала,

690105, г. Владивосток, ул. Русская, 73-г

MD, PhD, DSc (Med.), Professor of RAS, Main Staff Scientist of Laboratory of Rehabilitative Treatment, Director of the Vladivostok Branch,

73g Russkaya Str., Vladivostok, 690105

vfdnz@mail.ruВладивостокский филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания» – Научно-исследовательский институт медицинской климатологии и восстановительного леченияVladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration – Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment202116072021080115128Copyright © Кытикова О.Ю., Новгородцева Т.П., Денисенко Ю.К., Антонюк М.В., Гвозденко Т.А., 20212021Кытикова О.Ю., Новгородцева Т.П., Денисенко Ю.К., Антонюк М.В., Гвозденко Т.А.Kytikova O.Y., Novgorodtseva T.P., Denisenko Y.K., Antonyuk M.V., Gvozdenko T.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/888

Хронические воспалительные заболевания органов дыхания, такие как бронхиальная астма и хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких, являются глобальной проблемой современности в связи с широкой распространенностью и трудностью контроля течения. Механизм хронизации воспаления в бронхолегочной системе тесно взаимосвязан с метаболическими нарушениями обмена липидов и их дериватов. Липиды и их медиаторы играют как провоспалительную так и противовоспалительную роль при хронической воспалительной бронхолегочной патологии. В частности, свободные жирные кислоты (СЖК) выполняют важные сигнальные и регуляторные функции в организме, координируя метаболические и иммунные взаимосвязи. Механизм, потенциально связывающий CЖК и воспалительные реакции, включает активацию их рецепторов (FFAR – free fatty acid receptor), экспрессирующихся на клетках дыхательного тракта, а также на нервных и иммунных клетках. В настоящее время FFAR считаются привлекательными мишенями при лечении хронической бронхолегочной патологии, так как модуляция их активности с помощью применения алиментарных полиненасыщенных жирных кислот (ПНЖК) может влиять на активность и разрешение воспаления в бронхолегочной системе. Однако спорные вопросы, касающиеся эффективности и стандартизации доз ПНЖК, по-прежнему ограничивают их широкое применение. В данном обзоре обобщены литературные данные о роли CЖК со средней и длинной цепью в иммунорегуляции организма в норме и при хронической бронхолегочной патологии. Систематизированы данные о рецепторах CЖК со средней и длинной цепью – FFAR1 и FFAR4, FFAR-опосредованных путях передачи сигналов в регуляции метаболизма и иммунных ответов. Дискутируются перспективность и сложные вопросы применения жирных кислот в лечении хронической бронхолегочной патологии. 

Chronic inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, are a global problem of our time due to the widespread prevalence and difficulty of controlling the course. The mechanism of chronic inflammation in the bronchopulmonary system is closely related to metabolic disorders of lipids and their derivatives. Lipids and their mediators play both a pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory role in chronic inflammatory bronchopulmonary pathology. In particular, free fatty acids (FFAs) perform important signaling and regu latory functions in the body, coordinating metabolic and immune relationships. The mechanism that potentially binds FFAs and inflammatory reactions involves the activation of their receptors (FFAR – free fatty acid receptor), which are expressed on the cells of the respiratory tract, as well as on nerve and immune cells. Currently, FFARs are considered attractive targets in the treatment of chronic bronchopulmonary pathology, since modulation of their activity through the use of alimentary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) can affect the activity and resolution of neuroimmune inflammation in the bronchopulmonary system. However, controversial issues regarding their effectiveness and dose standardization of PUFA continue to limit their widespread use. This review summarizes the literature data on the role of medium- and longchain FFAs in the body’s immunoregulation in normal conditions and in chronic bronchopulmonary pathology. Data on medium and long chain FFA receptors – FFAR1 and FFAR4, FFAR-mediated signaling pathways in the regulation of metabolism and immune responses are systematized. The perspective and complex issues of the use of fatty acids in the treatment of chronic bronchopulmonary pathology are discussed. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.