cfpdБюллетень физиологии и патологии дыханияBulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration1998-5029Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания10.36604/1998-5029-2021-80-129-137cfpd-889Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSПростагландины и их роль в ранние периоды эмбрионального развития (обзор литературы)Prostaglandins and their role at early stages of embryonic development (review)ИшутинаН. А.IshutinaN. A.

д-р биол. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, лаборатория механизмов этиопатогенеза и восстановительных процессов дыхательной системы при неспецифических заболеваниях легких, 

675000, г. Благовещенск, ул. Калинина, 22

PhD, DSc (Biol.), Leading Staff Scientist, Laboratory of Mechanisms of Etiopathogenesis and Recovery  Processes of the Respiratory System at Non-Specific Lung Diseases,

22 Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000

ishutina-na@mail.ruАндриевскаяИ. А.AndrievskayaI. A.

д-р биол. наук, профессор РАН, зав. лабораторией механизмов этиопатогенеза и восстановительныхпроцессов дыхательной системы при неспецифических заболеваниях легких, 

675000, г. Благовещенск, ул. Калинина, 22

PhD, DSc (Biol.), Professor of RAS, Head of Laboratory of Mechanisms of Etiopathogenesis and Recovery Processes of the Respiratory System at Non-Specific Lung Diseases, 

22 Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000

irina-andrievskaja@rambler.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания»Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration202116072021080129137Copyright © Ишутина Н.А., Андриевская И.А., 20212021Ишутина Н.А., Андриевская И.А.Ishutina N.A., Andrievskaya I.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://cfpd.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/889Цель

Цель. Проведен краткий анализ научных публикаций о роли простагландинов в ранние периоды эмбрионального развития.

Результаты

Результаты. В процессе изучения литературных данных, как отечественных, так и в большей части, зарубежных авторов, установлена роль простагландинов, как паракринных факторов, участвующих в увеличении проницаемости сосудов и ангиогенезе, опосредующих эффект половых гомонов и экспрессию факторов роста (сосудистый эндотелиальный фактор роста, ангиопоэтин) во время имплантации и децидуализации. Описаны эффекты простагландинов на деградацию и ремоделирование внеклеточного матрикса матки. Показано значение простагландинов в транспортировки гамет и эмбрионов. Приведены сведения о роли простагландинов в росте и развитии бластоцисты, а также инвазии трофобластов.

Заключение

Заключение. Понимание роли простагландинов в ранние периоды эмбрионального развития далеко не полное. Несмотря на активные исследования, остается много вопросов относительно механизмов действия, функций простагландинов на начальных этапах эмбриогенеза. Большая часть информации была получена в результате исследований на животных. Поэтому для дальнейшего изучения механизмов, лежащих в основе разнообразного действия простагландинов на процессы эмбриогенеза, необходимо проводить дополнительные исследования на людях. 

Aim

Aim. A brief analysis of scientific publications on the role of prostaglandins at early stages of embryonic development has been carried out.

Results

Results. In the process of studying the literature data, both national and, for the most part, foreign authors, the role of prostaglandins was established as paracrine factors involved in an increase in vascular permeability and angiogenesis, mediating the effect of gonads and the expression of growth factors (vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin) during implantation and decidualization. The effects of prostaglandins on the degradation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix of the uterus are described. The role of prostaglandins in the transportation of gametes and embryos is shown. Information on the role of prostaglandins in the growth and development of blastocysts, as well as trophoblast invasion, is presented.

Conclusion

Conclusion. The understanding of the role of prostaglandins at the early stages of embryonic development is far from complete. Despite active research in this direction, scientists still have many questions regarding the mechanisms of action, the functions of prostaglandins at the initial stages of embryogenesis. Most of the information has come from animal studies, mainly rodents. Therefore, to further study the mechanisms underlying the diverse action of prostaglandins on multiple processes of embryogenesis, it is necessary to carry out additional studies in humans. 

простагландиныранние периоды эмбриогенезаprostaglandinsearly stages of embryogenesisReferencesNiringiyumukiza J.D., Cai H., Xiang W. Prostaglandin E2 involvement in mammalian female fertility: ovulation, fertilization, embryo development and early implantation // Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 2018. Vol.16, №1. Article number: 43. doi: 10.1186/s12958-018-0359-5Niringiyumukiza J.D., Cai H., Xiang W. Prostaglandin E2 involvement in mammalian female fertility: ovulation, fertilization, embryo development and early implantation. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 2018; 16(1):43. doi: 10.1186/s12958-018-0359-5Саидова М.А., Юсуфи С.Д., Рафиева З.Х., Мухиддинова З.Т. Использование простагландинов в акушерской практике // Вестник Авиценны. 2016. Т.18, №4. С.83–87. doi: 10.25005/2074-0581-2016-18-4-83-87Saidova M.A., Yusufi S.D., Rafiyeva Z.Kh., Muhiddinova Z.T. Application of prostaglandins in obstetrics. Vestnik Avitsenny=Avicenna Bulletin 2016; 18(4):83–87 (in Russian). doi: 10.25005/2074-0581-2016-18-4-83-87Самоделкин Е.И., Меркучева Н.Г., Косарева П.В., Нестерова Л.Ю. Роль простагландинов и циклооксигеназы в патогенезе хронического эндометрита // Патологическая физиология и экспериментальная терапия. 2017. Т.61, №2. С.98–100. https://doi.org/10.25557/0031-2991.2017.02.98-100Samodelkin E.I., Mercucheva N.G., Kosareva P.V., Nesterova L.Y. The role of prostaglandins and cyclooxygenase in pathogenesis of chronic endometritis. Patologicheskaya Fiziologiya i Eksperimental’naya Terapiya (Pathological Physiology and Experimental Therapy) 2017; 61(2):98–100 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.25557/0031-2991.2017.02.98-100Ширшев С.В. Иммунорегуляторные эффекты простагландинов фетоплацентарного комплекса // Успехи современной биологии. 2007. Т.127, №4. С.358–371.Shirshev S.V. Immunoregulatory effects of fetoplacental complex prostaglandins. Uspekhi sovremennoy biologii 2007; 127(4):358–371 (in Russian).Gu G., Gao Q., Yuan X., Huang L., Ge L. Immunolocalization of adipocytes and prostaglandin E2 and its four receptor proteins EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4 in the caprine cervix during spontaneous term labor // Biol. Reprod. 2012. Vol.86, №5. Article number: 159. P.1–10. doi: 10.1095/biolreprod.111.096040Gu G., Gao Q., Yuan X., Huang L., Ge L. Immunolocalization of adipocytes and prostaglandin E2 and its four receptor proteins EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4 in the caprine cervix during spontaneous term labor. Biol. Reprod. 2012; 86(5):159, 1–10. doi: 10.1095/biolreprod.111.096040Woodward D.F., Jones R.L., Narumiya S. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXXIII: classification of prostanoid receptors, updating 15 years of progress // Pharmacol. Rev. 2011. Vol.63, №3. P.471−538. doi: 10.1124/pr.110.003517Woodward D.F., Jones R.L., Narumiya S. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXXIII: classification of prostanoid receptors, updating 15 years of progress. Pharmacol. Rev. 2011; 63(3):471−538. doi: 10.1124/pr.110.003517Lim H., Gupta R.A., Ma W.G., Paria B.C., Moller D.E., Morrow J.D., DuBois R.N., Trzaskos J.M., Dey SK. Cyclo-oxygenase-2-derived prostacyclin mediates embryo implantation in the mouse via PPARdelta // Genes. Dev. 1999. Vol.13, №12. P.1561−1574. doi: 10.1101/gad.13.12.1561Lim H., Gupta R.A., Ma W.G., Paria B.C., Moller D.E., Morrow J.D., DuBois R.N., Trzaskos J.M., Dey S.K. Cyclooxygenase-2-derived prostacyclin mediates embryo implantation in the mouse via PPARdelta. Genes. Dev. 1999; 13(12):1561−1574. doi: 10.1101/gad.13.12.1561Salleh N. Diverse roles of prostaglandins in blastocyst implantation // ScientificWorldJournal. 2014. Vol. 2014. Article number: 968141. doi: 10.1155/2014/968141Salleh N. Diverse roles of prostaglandins in blastocyst implantation. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:968141. doi: 10.1155/2014/968141Sugimoto Y., Narumiya S. Prostaglandin E receptors // J. Biol. Chem. 2007. Vol.282, №16. P.11613−11617. doi: 10.1074/jbc.R600038200Sugimoto Y., Narumiya S. Prostaglandin E receptors. J. Biol. Chem. 2007; 282(16):11613−11617. doi: 10.1074/jbc.R600038200Israel D.D., Regan J.W. EP(3) prostanoid receptor isoforms utilize distinct mechanisms to regulate ERK 1/2 activation // Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 2009. Vol.1791, №4. P.238−245. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.01.021Israel D.D., Regan J.W. EP3 prostanoid receptor isoforms utilize distinct mechanisms to regulate ERK 1/2 activation. Biochim. Biophys Acta. 2009; 1791(4): 238−245. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.01.021Cao J., Nakamura T., Kitazawa T, Yamashiki N., Yamamoto T., Taneike T. Characterization of prostanoid receptors present on adrenergic neurons innervating the porcine uterine longitudinal muscle // Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2008. Vol.86, №1-4. P.26−34. doi: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2008.02.002Cao J., Nakamura T., Kitazawa T., Yamashiki N., Yamamoto T., Taneike T. Characterization of prostanoid receptors present on adrenergic neurons innervating the porcine uterine longitudinal muscle. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2008; 86(1-4):26−34. doi: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2008.02.002Turcotte C., Zarini S., Jean S., Martin C., Murphy R.C., Marsolais D., Laviolette M., Blanchet M.R., Flamand N. The Endocannabinoid Metabolite Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-Glycerol Inhibits Human Neutrophil Functions: Involvement of Its Hydrolysis into PGE2 and EP Receptors // J. Immunol. 2017. Vol.198, №8. P.3255−3263. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601767Turcotte C., Zarini S., Jean S., Martin C., Murphy R.C., Marsolais D., Laviolette M., Blanchet M.R,. Flamand N. The Endocannabinoid Metabolite Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-Glycerol Inhibits Human Neutrophil Functions: Involvement of Its Hydrolysis into PGE2 and EP Receptors. J. Immunol. 2017; 198(8):3255−3263. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601767Harks E.G., Scheenen W.J., Peters P.H., van Zoelen E.J., Theuvenet A.P. Prostaglandin F2 alpha induces unsynchronized intracellular calcium oscillations in monolayers of gap junctionally coupled NRK fibroblasts // Pflugers Arch. 2003. Vol.447, №1. P.78−86. doi: 10.1007/s00424-003-1126-8Harks E.G., Scheenen W.J., Peters P.H., van Zoelen E.J., Theuvenet A.P. Prostaglandin F2 alpha induces unsynchronized intracellular calcium oscillations in monolayers of gap junctionally coupled NRK fibroblasts. Pflugers Arch. 2003; 447(1):78−86. doi: 10.1007/s00424-003-1126-8Cheng L., Kelly R.W., Thong K.J., Hume R., Baird D.T. The effects of mifepristone (RU486) on prostaglandin dehydrogenase in decidual and chorionic tissue in early pregnancy // Hum. Reprod. 1993. Vol.8, №5. P.705−709. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138124Cheng L., Kelly R.W., Thong K.J., Hume R., Baird D.T. The effects of mifepristone (RU486) on prostaglandin dehydrogenase in decidual and chorionic tissue in early pregnancy. Hum. Reprod. 1993; 8(5):705−709. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138124von Hof J., Sprekeler N., Schuler G., Boos A., Kowalewski M.P. Uterine and placental expression of HPGD in cows during pregnancy and release of fetal membranes // Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2017. Vol.128−129. P.17−26. doi:10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2016.12.003von Hof J., Sprekeler N., Schuler G., Boos A., Kowalewski M.P. Uterine and placental expression of HPGD in cows during pregnancy and release of fetal membranes. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2017; 128-129: 17−26. doi: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2016.12.003Al-Asmakh M. Reproductive functions of progesterone // Middle East Fertility Society Journal. 2007. Vol.12, №3. P.147−150.Al-Asmakh M. Reproductive functions of progesterone. Middle East Fertility Society Journal 2007; 12(3):147−150.Nie X., Dai Y., Zheng Y., Bao D., Chen Q., Yin Y., Fu H., Hou D. Establishment of a Mouse Model of Premature Ovarian Failure Using Consecutive Superovulation // Cell. Physiol. Biochem. 2018. Vol.51, №5. P.2341−2358. doi: 10.1159/000495895Nie X., Dai Y., Zheng Y., Bao D., Chen Q., Yin Y., Fu H., Hou D. Establishment of a Mouse Model of Premature Ovarian Failure Using Consecutive Superovulation. Cell. Physiol. Biochem. 2018; 51(5):2341−2358. doi: 10.1159/000495895Bry K., Hallman M. Transforming growth factor-beta 2 prevents preterm delivery induced by interleukin-1 alpha and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the rabbit // Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1993. Vol.168, №4. P.1318−1322. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(93)90388-yBry K., Hallman M. Transforming growth factor-beta 2 prevents preterm delivery induced by interleukin-1 alpha and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the rabbit. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1993; 168(4):1318−1322. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(93)90388-yCheng L., Kelly R.W., Thong K.J., Hume R., Baird D.T. The effect of mifepristone (RU486) on the immunohistochemical distribution of prostaglandin E and its metabolite in decidual and chorionic tissue in early pregnancy // J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1993. Vol.77, №3. P.873−877. doi: 10.1210/jcem.77.3.8370712Cheng L., Kelly R.W., Thong K.J., Hume R., Baird D.T. The effect of mifepristone (RU486) on the immunohistochemical distribution of prostaglandin E and its metabolite in decidual and chorionic tissue in early pregnancy. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1993; 77(3):873−877. doi: 10.1210/jcem.77.3.8370712Boshier D.P., Jacobs R.A., Han V.K., Smith W., Riley S.C., Challis J.R. Immunohistochemical localization of prostaglandin H synthase in the sheep placenta from early pregnancy to term // Biol. Reprod. 1991. Vol.45, №2. P.322−327. doi: 10.1095/biolreprod45.2.322Boshier D.P., Jacobs R.A., Han V.K., Smith W., Riley S.C., Challis J.R. Immunohistochemical localization of prostaglandin H synthase in the sheep placenta from early pregnancy to term. Biol. Reprod. 1991; 45(2):322−327. doi: 10.1095/biolreprod45.2.322Leimert K.B., Verstraeten B.S.E., Messer A., Nemati R., Blackadar K., Fang X., Robertson S.A., Chemtob S., Olson D.M. Cooperative effects of sequential PGF2α and IL-1β on IL-6 and COX-2 expression in human myometrial cells // Biol. Reprod. 2019. Vol.100, №5. P.1370−1385. doi: 10.1093/biolre/ioz029Leimert K.B., Verstraeten B.S-E., Messer A., Nemati R., Blackadar K., Fang X., Robertson S.A., Chemtob S., Olson D.M. Cooperative effects of sequential PGF2α and IL-1β on IL-6 and COX-2 expression in human myometrial cells. Biol. Reprod. 2019; 100(5):1370−1385. doi: 10.1093/biolre/ioz029Casey M.L., Korte K., MacDonald P.C. Epidermal growth factor stimulation of prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis in amnion cells. Induction of prostaglandin H2 synthase // J. Biol. Chem. 1988. Vol.263, №16. P.7846−7854.Casey M.L., Korte K., MacDonald P.C. Epidermal growth factor stimulation of prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis in amnion cells. Induction of prostaglandin H2 synthase. J. Biol. Chem. 1988; 263(16):7846−7854.Casey M.L., Cox S.M., Word R.A., MacDonald P.C. Cytokines and infection-induced preterm labour // Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 1990. Vol.2, №5. P.499−509. doi: 10.1071/rd9900499Casey M.L., Cox S.M., Word R.A., MacDonald P.C. Cytokines and infection-induced preterm labour. Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 1990; 2(5):499−509. doi: 10.1071/rd9900499Frazier L.W., Yorio T. Eicosanoids: their function in renal epithelia ion transport // Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol Med. 1992. Vol.201, №3. P.229−243. doi: 10.3181/00379727-201-43503aFrazier L.W., Yorio T. Eicosanoids: their function in renal epithelia ion transport. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1992; 201(3):229−243. doi: 10.3181/00379727-201-43503aChoi Y., Wilson K., Hannon P.R., Rosewell K.L., Brännström M., Akin J.W., Curry T.E. Jr, Jo M. Coordinated Regulation Among Progesterone, Prostaglandins, and EGF-Like Factors in Human Ovulatory Follicles // J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2017. Vol.102, №6. P.1971−1982. doi: 10.1210/jc.2016-3153Choi Y., Wilson K., Hannon P.R., Rosewell K.L., Brännström M., Akin J.W., Curry T.E. Jr, Jo M. Coordinated Regulation Among Progesterone, Prostaglandins, and EGF-Like Factors in Human Ovulatory Follicles. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2017; 102(6):1971−1982. doi: 10.1210/jc.2016-3153Kaczynski P., Baryla M., Goryszewska E., Bauersachs S., Waclawik A. Prostaglandin F2α promotes embryo implantation and development in the pig // Reproduction. 2018. Vol.156, №5. P.405–419. doi: 10.1530/REP-18-0225Kaczynski P., Baryla M., Goryszewska E., Bauersachs S., Waclawik A. Prostaglandin F2α promotes embryo implantation and development in the pig. Reproduction 2018; 156(5):405−419. doi: 10.1530/REP-18-0225Li X., Ballantyne L.L., Crawford M.C., FitzGerald G.A., Funk C.D. Isoform-Specific Compensation of Cyclooxygenase (Ptgs) Genes during Implantation and Late-Stage Pregnancy // Sci. Rep. 2018. Vol.8, №1. Article number: 12097. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-30636-xLi X., Ballantyne L.L., Crawford M.C., FitzGerald G.A., Funk C.D. Isoform-Specific Compensation of Cyclooxygenase (Ptgs) Genes during Implantation and Late-Stage Pregnancy. Sci. Rep. 2018; 8(1):12097. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-30636-xCella M., Aisemberg J., Sordelli M.S., Billi S., Farina M., Franchi A.M., Ribeiro M.L. Prostaglandins modulate nitric oxide synthase activity early in time in the uterus of estrogenized rat challenged with lipopolysaccharide // Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2006.Vol.534, №1-3. P.218−226. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.01.019Cella M., Aisemberg J., Sordelli M.S., Billi S., Farina M., Franchi A.M., Ribeiro M.L. Prostaglandins modulate nitric oxide synthase activity early in time in the uterus of estrogenized rat challenged with lipopolysaccharide. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2006; 534(1-3):218−226. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.01.019Mollace V., Muscoli C., Masini E., Cuzzocrea S., Salvemini D. Modulation of prostaglandin biosynthesis by nitric oxide and nitric oxide donors // Pharmacol. Rev. 2005. №2. P.217−252. doi: 10.1124/pr.57.2.1Mollace V., Muscoli C., Masini E., Cuzzocrea S., Salvemini D. Modulation of prostaglandin biosynthesis by nitric oxide and nitric oxide donors. Pharmacol. Rev. 2005; 57(2):217−252. doi: 10.1124/pr.57.2.1Weems Y.S., Nett T.M., Rispoli L.A., Davis T.L., Johnson D.L., Uchima T., Raney A., Lennon E., Harbert T., Bowers G., Tsutahara N., Randel R.D., Weems C.W. Effects of prostaglandin E and F receptor agonists in vivo on luteal function in ewes // Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2010. Vol.92, №1-4. P.67−72. doi: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2010.03.004Weems Y.S., Nett T.M., Rispoli L.A., Davis T.L., Johnson D.L., Uchima T., Raney A., Lennon E., Harbert T., Bowers G., Tsutahara N., Randel R.D., Weems C.W. Effects of prostaglandin E and F receptor agonists in vivo on luteal function in ewes. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2010; 92(1-4):67−72. doi: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2010.03.004Hristovska A.M., Rasmussen L.E., Hansen P.B., Nielsen S.S., Nüsing R.M., Narumiya S., Vanhoutte P., Skott O., Jensen B.L. Prostaglandin E2 induces vascular relaxation by E-prostanoid 4 receptor-mediated activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase // Hypertension. 2007. Vol.50, №3. Р.525−530. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.088948Hristovska A.M., Rasmussen L.E., Hansen P.B., Nielsen S.S., Nüsing R.M., Narumiya S., Vanhoutte P., Skøtt O., Jensen B.L. Prostaglandin E2 induces vascular relaxation by E-prostanoid 4 receptor-mediated activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Hypertension 2007; 50(3):525−530. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.088948Magness R.R., Shideman C.R., Habermehl D.A., Sullivan J.A., Bird I.M. Endothelial vasodilator production by uterine and systemic arteries. V. Effects of ovariectomy, the ovarian cycle, and pregnancy on prostacyclin synthase ex pression // Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2000. Vol.60, №4-6. Р.103−118. doi: 10.1016/s0090-6980(99)00055-6Magness R.R., Shideman C.R., Habermehl D.A., Sullivan J.A., Bird I.M. Endothelial vasodilator production by uterine and systemic arteries. V. Effects of ovariectomy, the ovarian cycle, and pregnancy on prostacyclin synthase expression. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2000; 60(4-6):103−118. doi: 10.1016/s0090-6980(99)00055-6Smith O.P., Battersby S., Sales K.J., Critchley H.O., Jabbour H.N. Prostacyclin receptor up-regulates the expression of angiogenic genes in human endometrium via cross talk with epidermal growth factor Receptor and the extracellular signaling receptor kinase 1/2 pathway // Endocrinology. 2006. Vol.147, №4. P.1697−1705. doi: 10.1210/en.2005-1073Smith O.P., Battersby S., Sales K.J., Critchley H.O., Jabbour H.N. Prostacyclin receptor up-regulates the expression of angiogenic genes in human endometrium via cross talk with epidermal growth factor Receptor and the extracellular signaling receptor kinase 1/2 pathway. Endocrinology 2006; 147(4):1697−1705. doi: 10.1210/en.2005-1073Al-Sabbagh M., Fusi L., Higham J., Lee Y., Lei K., Hanyaloglu A.C., Lam E.W., Christian M., Brosens J.J. NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species mediate decidualization of human endometrial stromal cells in response to cyclic AMP signaling // Endocrinology. 2011. Vol.152, №2. P.730−740. doi: 10.1210/en.2010-0899Al-Sabbagh M., Fusi L., Higham J., Lee Y., Lei K., Hanyaloglu A.C., Lam E.W., Christian M., Brosens J.J. NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species mediate decidualization of human endometrial stromal cells in response to cyclic AMP signaling. Endocrinology 2011; 152(2):730−740. doi: 10.1210/en.2010-0899Pakrasi P.L., Jain A.K. Cyclooxygenase-2 derived PGE2 and PGI2 play an important role via EP2 and PPARdelta receptors in early steps of oil induced decidualization in mice // Placenta. 2008. Vol.29, №6. P.523−530. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2008.03.001Pakrasi P.L., Jain A.K. Cyclooxygenase-2 derived PGE2 and PGI2 play an important role via EP2 and PPARdelta receptors in early steps of oil induced decidualization in mice. Placenta 2008; 29(6):523−530. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2008.03.001Callegari E.A., Ferguson-Gottschall S., Gibori G. PGF2alpha induced differential expression of genes involved in turnover of extracellular matrix in rat decidual cells // Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 2005. Vol.3. Article number: 3. doi: 10.1186/1477-7827-3-3Callegari E.A., Ferguson-Gottschall S., Gibori G. PGF2alpha induced differential expression of genes involved in turnover of extracellular matrix in rat decidual cells. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 2005; 3:3. doi: 10.1186/1477-7827-3-3Yoshida M., Sagawa N., Itoh H., Yura S., Takemura M., Wada Y., Sato T., Ito A., Fujii S. Prostaglandin F(2alpha), cytokines and cyclic mechanical stretch augment matrix metalloproteinase-1 secretion from cultured human uterine cervical fibroblast cells // Mol. Hum. Reprod. 2002. Vol.8, №7. P.681−687. doi: 10.1093/molehr/8.7.681Yoshida M., Sagawa N., Itoh H., Yura S., Takemura M., Wada Y., Sato T., Ito A., Fujii S. Prostaglandin F(2alpha), cytokines and cyclic mechanical stretch augment matrix metalloproteinase-1 secretion from cultured human uterine cervical fibroblast cells. Mol. Hum. Reprod. 2002; 8(7):681−687. doi: 10.1093/molehr/8.7.681Slater D.M., Astle S., Woodcock N., Chivers J.E., de Wit N.C., Thornton S., Vatish M., Newton R. Anti-inflammatory and relaxatory effects of prostaglandin E2 in myometrial smooth muscle // Mol. Hum. Reprod. 2006 Vol.12, №2. P.89−97. doi: 10.1093/molehr/gal005Slater D.M., Astle S., Woodcock N., Chivers J.E., de Wit N.C., Thornton S., Vatish M., Newton R. Anti-inflammatory and relaxatory effects of prostaglandin E2 in myometrial smooth muscle. Mol. Hum. Reprod. 2006; 12(2):89−97. doi: 10.1093/molehr/gal005Chiossi G., Costantine M.M., Bytautiene E., Kechichian T., Hankins G.D., Sbrana E., Saade G.R., Longo M. The effects of prostaglandin E1 and prostaglandin E2 on in vitro myometrial contractility and uterine structure // Am. J. Perinatol. 2012. Vol.29, №8. P.615−622. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1311986Chiossi G., Costantine M.M., Bytautiene E., Kechichian T., Hankins G.D., Sbrana E., Saade G.R., Longo M. The effects of prostaglandin E1 and prostaglandin E2 on in vitro myometrial contractility and uterine structure. Am. J. Perinatol. 2012; 29(8):615−622. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1311986Ruan Y.C., Zhou W., Chan H.C. Regulation of smooth muscle contraction by the epithelium: role of prostaglandins // Physiology (Bethesda). 2011. Vol.26, №3. P.156−170. doi: 10.1152/physiol.00036.2010Ruan Y.C., Zhou W., Chan H.C. Regulation of smooth muscle contraction by the epithelium: role of prostaglandins. Physiology (Bethesda) 2011; 26(3):156−170. doi: 10.1152/physiol.00036.2010Wånggren K., Stavreus-Evers A., Olsson C., Andersson E., Gemzell-Danielsson K. Regulation of muscular contractions in the human Fallopian tube through prostaglandins and progestagens // Hum. Reprod. 2008. Vol.23, №10. P.2359−2368. doi: 10.1093/humrep/den260Wånggren K., Stavreus-Evers A., Olsson C., Andersson E., Gemzell-Danielsson K. Regulation of muscular contractions in the human Fallopian tube through prostaglandins and progestagens. Hum. Reprod. 2008; 23(10):2359−2368. doi: 10.1093/humrep/den260Huang J.C., Wun W.S., Goldsby J.S., Egan K., FitzGerald G.A., Wu K.K. Prostacyclin receptor signaling and early embryo development in the mouse // Hum. Reprod. 2007. Vol.22, №11. P.2851−2856. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dem304Huang J.C., Wun W.S., Goldsby J.S., Egan K., FitzGerald G.A., Wu K.K. Prostacyclin receptor signaling and early embryo development in the mouse. Hum. Reprod. 2007; 22(11):2851−2856. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dem304Pakrasi P.L., Jain A.K. Cyclooxygenase-2-derived endogenous prostacyclin reduces apoptosis and enhances embryo viability in mouse // Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids. 2008. Vol.79, №1-2. P.27−33. doi: 10.1016/j.plefa.2008.07.006Pakrasi P.L., Jain A.K. Cyclooxygenase-2-derived endogenous prostacyclin reduces apoptosis and enhances embryo viability in mouse. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids 2008; 79(1-2):27−33. doi: 10.1016/j.plefa.2008.07.006Ni H., Sun T., Ma X.H., Yang Z.M. Expression and regulation of cytosolic prostaglandin E synthase in mouse uterus during the peri-implantation period // Biol. Reprod. 2003. Vol.68, №3. P.744−750. doi: 10.1095/biolreprod.102.007328Ni H., Sun T., Ma X.H., Yang Z.M. Expression and regulation of cytosolic prostaglandin E synthase in mouse uterus during the peri-implantation period. Biol. Reprod. 2003; 68(3):744−750. doi: 10.1095/biolreprod.102.007328Waclawik A., Kaczynski P., Jabbour H.N. Autocrine and paracrine mechanisms of prostaglandin E2 action on trophoblast/conceptus cells through the prostaglandin E2 receptor (PTGER2) during implantation // Endocrinology. 2013. Vol.154, №10. P.3864−3876. doi: 10.1210/en.2012-2271Waclawik A., Kaczynski P., Jabbour H.N. Autocrine and paracrine mechanisms of prostaglandin E₂ action on trophoblast/conceptus cells through the prostaglandin E2 receptor (PTGER2) during implantation. Endocrinology 2013; 154(10):3864−3876. doi: 10.1210/en.2012-2271Horita H., Kuroda E., Hachisuga T., Kashimura M., Yamashita U. Induction of prostaglandin E2 production by leukemia inhibitory factor promotes migration of first trimester extravillous trophoblast cell line, HTR-8/SVneo // Hum. Reprod. 2007. Vol.22, №7. P.1801−1809. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dem125Horita H., Kuroda E., Hachisuga T., Kashimura M., Yamashita U. Induction of prostaglandin E2 production by leukemia inhibitory factor promotes migration of first trimester extravillous trophoblast cell line, HTR-8/SVneo. Hum. Reprod. 2007; 22(7):1801−1809. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dem125Godbole G., Suman P., Gupta S.K., Modi D. Decidualized endometrial stromal cell derived factors promote trophoblast invasion // Fertil. Steril. 2011. Vol.95, №4. P.1278−1283. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.09.045Godbole G., Suman P., Gupta S.K., Modi D. Decidualized endometrial stromal cell derived factors promote trophoblast invasion. Fertil. Steril. 2011; 95(4):1278−1283. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.09.045

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.