Роль физической активности в улучшении состояния пациентов с ХОБЛ (обзор литературы)

Хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких (ХОБЛ) является третьей ведущей причиной смерти, на долю которой приходится примерно 6% от общего числа смертей, что подтверждает ее актуальность и делает предметом пристального внимания со стороны мирового медицинского сообщества. Интеграция физической активности (ФА) в режим пациентов с ХОБЛ играет ключевую роль в поддержании их здоровья и улучшении качества жизни. Однако, несмотря на то, что её включение в программы легочной реабилитации уже стало рутинным методом, на сегодняшний день все еще остаются актуальными вопросы об установлении нескольких универсальных форматов реабилитационных мероприятий с одной стороны и персонализации – с другой. Настоящий обзор основан на анализе соответствующих публикаций, полученных в результате выборочного поиска литературы по следующим ключевым словам: ХОБЛ, качество жизни, физическая активность, легочная реабилитация. Рассмотрены статьи, указывающие на эффекты ФА, как одного из главных компонентов комплексной легочной реабилитации у пациентов с ХОБЛ. Обсуждены инструменты оценки ФА, её влияние на частоту обострений заболевания и смертность. Представлены результаты, подтверждающие важность и необходимость физических упражнений в составе легочной реабилитации, а также освещены современные проблемы, с которыми сталкиваются специалисты, проводя легочную реабилитацию, и их потенциальные решения.

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