Методологические подходы к оценке и особенности качества жизни у детей с бронхиальной астмой
https://doi.org/10.36604/1998-5029-2026-100-166-180
Аннотация
Цель настоящего обзора – проследить влияние физиологических, психологических и социокультурных детерминант на качество жизни (КЖ) детей, больных бронхиальной астмой. В статье систематизированы актуальные данные о методологических подходах к оценке связанного со здоровьем КЖ у детей с бронхиальной астмой. Подробно описан современный инструментарий в виде общих и специфичных вопросников, подчеркнута необходимость взаимосвязанной оценки КЖ родителей и опекунов больных детей. Обсуждены результаты многочисленных исследований по различным аспектам КЖ детей с астмой, включая рандомизированные контролируемые клинические исследования. Выделены ключевые факторы, влияющие на КЖ. Особое внимание уделено психологическим аспектам болезни в детском и подростковом возрасте, определяющим формирование уровня КЖ. Подчеркнуто, что наличие негативных психологических и социокультурных факторов оказывает значительное влияние на КЖ детей. Дети с бронхиальной астмой чаще, чем здоровые дети, страдают ожирением или избыточным весом, имеют нарушения качества сна, как правило, хуже учатся и имеют более низкий социально-экономический статус семьи. Неблагополучные семейные и социальные отношения негативно влияют на контроль заболевания и КЖ. Важным фактором, потенциально влияющим на КЖ детей с бронхиальной астмой, является приверженность лечению, повышение уровня которого с помощью образовательных программ и письменных планов ведения больных имеет решающее значение для достижения контроля над болезнью и всестороннего улучшения КЖ.
Ключевые слова
Об авторе
Н. Л. Перельман
Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания»
Россия
Россия
Наталья Львовна Перельман, д-р мед. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, лаборатория молекулярных и трансляционных исследований
675000, г. Благовещенск, ул. Калинина, 22
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Рецензия
Для цитирования:
Перельман Н.Л. Методологические подходы к оценке и особенности качества жизни у детей с бронхиальной астмой. Бюллетень физиологии и патологии дыхания. 2026;(100):166-180. https://doi.org/10.36604/1998-5029-2026-100-166-180
For citation:
Perelman N.L. Methodological approaches to assessment and features of quality of life in children with bronchial asthma. Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration. 2026;(100):166-180. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.36604/1998-5029-2026-100-166-180
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