ANCIENT PROCARIOTES: ORIGIN, EVOLUTIONARY PATH AND ROLE IN EARTH'S HISTORY (REVIEW)
Abstract
The data is presented about bacteria living under extreme conditions in the upper atmosphere and about the alleged number of them in the world and the annual transfer from one continent to another. Based on the concept of chemical evolution, possible stages of bacteria emergence have been studied, positive aspects of the theory and its shortcomings have been estimated. The problem of the origin of bacteria is considered from the standpoint of the panspermia hypothesis. The interest in it has increased due to new information about the presence of bacteria-like structures in Martian meteorites ALH 84001, Alais, Ivuna and Orguei, Murchison and Efremovka and the content of various organics including purine and pyrimidine compounds. It is assumed that these compounds were brought to the Earth by meteorites and induced the creation of the genetic code followed by the transition to the DNA-RNA-protein life. The view that the Earth had a ready-made genetic code has been expressed. It was found out that the first communities of bacteria appeared 3.5 billion years ago in the aquatic environment and their subsequent evolution took place against the background of the geological evolution of the Earth. Prokaryotic communities formed oxygen atmosphere, due to which aerobic bacteria, small (biotic) circulation of substances at the ecosystem level, appeared. Finally, as a result of anaerobic prokaryote endosymbiosis aerobic bacterium originated eukaryotic cells, which led to the emergence of the modern biosphere.
About the Author
Viktor М. Katola
Institute of Geology and Nature Management of Far Eastern Branch RAS
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
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Review
For citations:
Katola V.М. ANCIENT PROCARIOTES: ORIGIN, EVOLUTIONARY PATH AND ROLE IN EARTH'S HISTORY (REVIEW). Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration. 2014;(52):129-135. (In Russ.)
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