Indicators of oxidative homeostasis and genotoxicity in patients with asthma under exposure to solid suspended atmospheric particulate matter

Introduction. Parameters that characterize the intensity of peroxidation processes and genotoxicity in individuals with asthma, including under the influence of unfavourable environmental factors, can serve as indicators of the disease course. Therefore, there is a need to detail these parameters in asthma patients of different severity and control levels. Aim. To establish the characteristics of disruptions in oxidative homeostasis and genomic apparatus damage in individuals with mild-to-moderate asthma under the in vitro exposure to solid suspended atmospheric particulate matter (SPM). Materials and methods. An in vitro study included 244 asthma patients and 60 conditionally healthy individuals. Model suspensions (MS) simulating multicomponent atmospheric air pollution were used as the exposure load. We investigated total antioxidant activity (AOA), levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1), total glutathione (GSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Ratios of MDA/AOA and GSH/GSSG were calculated. The effects of SPM are presented as indices reflecting the parameters under the influence of MS and without it. Results. In moderate asthma, more pronounced changes in oxidative homeostasis indicators were registered under SPM exposure compared to mild asthma. In controlled asthma, the maximum differences in indices between groups with mild and moderate severity were observed in the levels of GSSG (1.6-fold increase) and Trx-1 (1.3-fold increase). In partially controlled asthma, the greatest changes were found in the MDA/AOA ratio (2.7-fold increase) and 8-OHdG levels (1.6- fold increase). Conclusion. As asthma severity worsens, there is an increase in oxidative damage to bioorganic molecules and the initiation of genomic damage, which activates the thioredoxin link of the antioxidant system responsible for repairing damaged DNA. Under SPM exposure, more pronounced disruptions of oxidative homeostasis and increased genotoxicity occur with asthma severity, despite the stimulation of reparative processes. Significant elevations in 8-OHdG and Trx-1 levels with increasing asthma severity and SPM exposure may indicate the potential use of these markers to assess disease progression in technogenic environmental conditions.

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