Долгосрочные проблемы связанного со здоровьем качества жизни, обусловленные пандемией COVID-19

Пандемия COVID-19 проявила огромный потенциал негативного воздействия на качество жизни (КЖ) населения в целом, вызвав психологический стресс, нарушив полноценное участие в повседневной жизни и уменьшив ощущение связи с социумом. Цель настоящего обзора литературы состояла в оценке влияния длительного COVID-19 и связанных с ним факторов на КЖ населения, его физические, эмоциональные и социальные аспекты. Высокий уровень утомляемости после COVID-19 снижает трудоспособность, обусловливает потерю социальных связей, усиливает депрессивную симптоматику и приводит к снижению КЖ в долгосрочной перспективе. Показано, что КЖ значительно ниже у женщин, чем у мужчин, а мужской пол является одним из факторов риска тяжелого течения COVID-19. Ухудшение связанного со здоровьем КЖ на протяжении всей пандемии отмечено у детей и подростков, оказавшихся особенно уязвимыми к социальному дистанцированию. Вакцинация против COVID-19 явилась значимым предиктором более высокого физического КЖ. Большинство прошедших медицинскую реабилитацию в целом также имеют высокий уровень КЖ, хотя некоторые пациенты продолжают отмечать определенные проблемы функционального характера. Опубликованные научные работы демонстрируют ряд нерешенных методологических и методических вопросов оценки изменений связанного со здоровьем КЖ в результате пандемии COVID-19. В связи с высокой гетерогенностью исследований существует необходимость в разработке подходов к уменьшению их неоднородности, использовании проверенных инструментов оценки, широко признанных вопросников и конкретных сроках последующего наблюдения. Стандартизированные и долговременные исследования COVID-19, несомненно, будут иметь неоценимое значение для понимания эпидемиологии и влиянии бремени длительного COVID на связанное со здоровьем КЖ.

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