MORPHOFUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTIC OF HYPOXIA FORMATION IN BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

Abstract

Hypoxia influences badly the tissue metabolism of many organs. The aim of the research was to study the influence of respiratory hypoxia on the changes of metabolism in the wall of bronchi in patients with bronchial asthma (BA). 73 BA patients including 25 patients with mild persistent course of the disease, 23 with moderate asthma, 25 with severe BA, were examined. Ventilation pulmonary function was assessed by the data obtained from the curve «flow-volume» of the forced expiration. In the peripheral blood acid-alkalotic state of blood gases, the level of oxyhemoglobin, the content of carbonic anhydrase, 2.3-diphosphoglycerate and ATF, histamine and serotonin were determined. The concentration in bronchi mucosa of fatty acids peroxides, histamine and glycosaminoglycans was identified with histochemical methods. It was found out that in BA patients as a result of the formation of bronchoobstructive syndrome and the disturbance of bronchial conductance the oxygen saturation of the venous blood decreases. When there is stable hypoxemia in the peripheral blood, acid-base balance is damaged, and in peripheral blood erythrocytes there is the decrease of hemoglobin oxygenation. This forms the disorder of tissue metabolism as to the tissue cells the blood is delivered with the low concentration of oxygen. The composition of bronchi mucosa changes. In epithelial cells by histochemical methods the increased number of histamine and fatty acids peroxides was revealed, which leads to the destruction of cells. This process maintains a severe course of asthma.