Features of blood oxygen transport function of pregnant women with community-acquired pneumonia (review)

This article presents a brief review on blood oxygen-transport-function of pregnant women with community-acquired pneumonia. At this moment, the reasons of the increased number of severe complications and fatal outcomes among pregnant women with pneumonia have not been identified. Influenza viruses take a special place among the causative agents of community-acquired pneumonia of pregnant women. Pregnant women are considered as an independent risk group due to the development of adverse outcomes of the disease. During physiological pregnancy, susceptibility to respiratory infections and the probability of complications increase as a result of significant increase in gas and energy exchange. During pregnancy, a number of compensatory mechanisms are activated to facilitate optimal, more intensive functioning of the respiratory system. This provides a normal course of pregnancy and childbirth. In case of community-acquired pneumonia, the activating of compensatory mechanisms becomes difficult or impossible. Respiratory disorders with hypoxia, changes in energy metabolism, immune status disorders and the presence of an infectious and inflammatory focus associated with respiratory diseases may have a negative effect on pregnancy. In turn, a number of obstetric complications and gynecological diseases can cause serious disorders of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Minimal changes in the mother's PaO₂ and PaCO₂ levels may indicate severe respiratory dysfunction and fetal oxygenation disorders even in the absence of a vivid clinical picture. The amount of information in literature on the state of oxygen transport function and hemodynamics in the fetoplacental complex while suffering from pneumonia depending on the period of gestation period is insufficient. There is not enough data on the course of pregnancy and fetal compilations caused by different types of pathogen, stage of pregnancy and severity of infectious process. The condition of the fetoplacental system of women with pneumonia is of great interest.

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