GABA and its role in the regulation of the airway tone
https://doi.org/10.36604/1998-5029-2020-76-97-106
Abstract
The literature describes the high prevalence of a combination of the upper and lower obstructive pathology of respiratory tract, the main of which are asthma, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Thus, according to the results of a meta-analysis, the average prevalence of OSAS among AD patients is approaching 50%. The chance of the OSAS presence in patients with asthma is 2.64 95%CI (1.76; 3.52) times higher than in individuals who do not have asthma (p<0.001). A study in Europe showed that about 1% of the total population and 9.2% of patients with OSAS had COPD according to spirometry. Such a high prevalence of the combined course indicates the presence of a pathophysiological pairing of these pathologies, which has yet to be revealed. The most obvious common pathogenetic link of these disorders can be genetically caused disorders that occur at the receptor level. Several neuropeptide systems are known to control muscle tone of the respiratory tract, one of which is GABAergic. In this review, we described the prevalence of GABAergic transmission, its role in regulating the tone of the respiratory muscles, the localization and functional significance of GABA receptors, not only in the central nervous system, but also in the respiratory epithelium and smooth muscles of the respiratory tract. Thus, an imbalance in the neurotransmitter system can lead to the development of obstructive diseases of both the upper and lower respiratory tract. In addition, GABAergic receptors may be an obvious target for the treatment of obstructive airways diseases.
Supporting agencies: This study was supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project №18-315-00108)
About the Authors
E. G. Sheludko
Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology ofRespiration
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Elizaveta G. Sheludko - MD, PhD, Junior Staff Scientist, Laboratory of molecular and translational research.
22 Kalinina Str, Blagoveshchensk, 675000
D. E. Naumov
Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology ofRespiration
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Denis E. Naumov - MD, PhD, Head of Laboratory of molecular and translational research.
22 Kalinina Str, Blagoveshchensk, 675000
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Sheludko E.G., Naumov D.E. GABA and its role in the regulation of the airway tone. Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration. 2020;(76):97-106. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.36604/1998-5029-2020-76-97-106
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