Th1, Th2 cytokines in airway response to acute cold exposure in patients with bronchial asthma
https://doi.org/10.36604/1998-5029-2022-85-47-55
Abstract
Introduction. The concept of the interaction of multidirectional cytokines that control the cellular and humoral immune response in the cold bronchospasm in asthma has been little studied.
Aim. To evaluate the role of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the formation of the airway response to a cold stimulus in patients with asthma.
Materials and methods. The spectrum of cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-17А, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-4), protein IP-10 (chemokine CXCL10), MMP9 metalloproteinase and TIMP1 protein in exhaled breath condensate before and after 3-minute isocapnic hyperventilation with cold (-20ºС) air (IHCA) has been studied in 37 patients.
Results. Patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (n=11) consisted of individuals with cold airway hyperresponsiveness (CAHR), group 2 – 26 individuals with no response to IHCA (ΔFEV1 IHCA = -16.5±2.3 and -1.5±0.85%, respectively, p<0.0001). Pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-2, IL-1β, and IL-6 had a predominant effect on the development of CAHR. IFN-γ was considered as a central regulator of the bronchial response to a cold stimulus, the increase in the level of which in cold bronchospasm relative to the group without CAHR (399,52 [237,1; 753,23] and 237,99 [57,63; 304,84] fg/mL, respectively, p<0.05) was accompanied by an increase in the concentration of IFN-γ-induced protein IP-10 (201.12 [199.4; 398.81] and 167.33 [132.94; 212.77] fg/mL, respectively (p<0.05). The absence of dynamics of IL-4 concentration in response to IHCA testified to the minimal involvement of IL-4 in the implementation of CAHR. The involvement of IL-17A could be associated with the activity of Th1 cytokines and the cold-activated proteolysis-antiproteolysis system involved in bronchial remodeling ‒ metalloproteinase MMP9 and a specific inhibitor of metalloproteinases TIMP1, the values of the latter two were higher in individuals with CAHR after the IHCA test.
Conclusion. In patients with asthma, in the implementation of cold bronchospasm, the dominance of the Th1 immune response and a decrease in the functional activity of Th2 cytokines are observed.
About the Authors
A. B. Pirogov
Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Aleksey B. Pirogov, MD, PhD (Med.), Associate Professor, Senior Staff Scientist, Laboratory of Prophylaxis of Non-Specific Lung Diseases
22 Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000
D. E. Naumov
Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Denis E. Naumov, PhD (Med.), Head of Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Research
22 Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000
А. G. Prikhodko
Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Аnnа G. Prikhodko, MD, PhD, DSc (Med.), Main Staff Scientist, Laboratory of Functional Research of Respiratory System
22 Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000
J. M. Perelman
Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Juliy M. Perelman, MD, PhD, DSc (Med.), Corresponding member of RAS, Рrofessor, Deputy Director on Scientific Work, Head of Laboratory of Functional Research of Respiratory System
22 Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000
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For citations:
Pirogov A.B., Naumov D.E., Prikhodko А.G., Perelman J.M. Th1, Th2 cytokines in airway response to acute cold exposure in patients with bronchial asthma. Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration. 2022;(85):47-55. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.36604/1998-5029-2022-85-47-55
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