COVID-19 and sex differences: role of estrogen
https://doi.org/10.36604/1998-5029-2022-86-120-128
Abstract
Introduction. Sex differences in the course and outcomes of the disease were found during the COVID- 19 pandemic.
Aim. To summarize the knowledge about the mechanisms underlying sex differences in COVID-19, with a focus on the role of estrogen.
Materials and methods. We conducted a study using various databases until September 2022 for the keywords “estrogen” and “COVID-19”. All articles were published in English.
Results. The review discusses the involvement of estrogen in the implementation of the immune response in viral infection. Individual paragraphs of the article are devoted to the effect of female sex hormones on coagulation, inflammation, and the renin-angiotensin system.
Conclusion. At the end of the paper, it is concluded that there is great potential for future work deciphering hormonal effects on human physiology to explain the heterogeneity in pathogenic responses and may facilitate the development of more effective and personalized interventions.
About the Authors
I. V. Dovzhikova
Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Inna V. Dovzhikova, PhD, DSc (Biol.), Leading Staff Scientist, Laboratory of Mechanisms of Etiopathogenesis and Recovery Processes of the Respiratory System at Non-Specific Lung Diseases
22 Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk
I. A. Andrievskaya
Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Irina A. Andrievskaya, PhD, DSc (Biol.), Professor of RAS, Head of Laboratory of Mechanisms of Etiopathogenesis and Recovery Processes of the Respiratory System at Non-Specific Lung Diseases
22 Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk
K. S. Lyazgiyan
Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Karen S. Lyazgiyan, Postgraduate Student, Laboratory of Mechanisms of Etiopathogenesis and Recovery Processes of the Respiratory System at Non-Specific Lung Diseases
22 Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk
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Dovzhikova I.V., Andrievskaya I.A., Lyazgiyan K.S. COVID-19 and sex differences: role of estrogen. Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration. 2022;(86):120-128. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.36604/1998-5029-2022-86-120-128
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