Роль липидных рафтов в иммунной системе и инфицировании клеток SARS-CoV-2

Введение. Гликосфинголипиды – соединения, состоящие из гидрофильных сахарных структур и гидрофобных церамидов. Эти молекулы образуют липидные рафты или микродомены в мембране клеток совместно с холестерином, сфингомиелином, гликозилфосфатидилинозитолом и молекулами, что определяет их свойства.

Цель. Систематизация данных о структуре липидных рафтов, их участии в функционировании иммунокомпетентных клеток и развитии иммунного ответа, механизмах вирусной инвазии SARS-CoV-2.

Материалы и методы. С этих позиций проанализированы литературные источники за 1981-2023 годы. Поиск литературы проводился в информационных системах PubМed и Google Scholar.

Результаты. Имеются отдельные работы, в которых отражена роль липидных рафтов как посредников сигнальной трансдукции при развитии врожденного и адаптивного иммунного ответа. В других работах описывается их значение во взаимодействии патоген-хозяин и избегания иммунного контроля. В последнее время появились исследования по влиянию липидных микродоменов клеточной мембраны на вирусную инвазию, в том числе вызванную SARS-CoV-2.

Заключение. Настоящий обзор вносит существенный вклад в понимание роли липидных рафтов в функционировании иммунной системы и вирусной инвазии, что определяет перспективы дальнейших исследований и возможности их использования как терапевтических мишеней в создании иммуномодулирующих лекарственных препаратов.

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