Bitter taste receptors TAS2R as promising targets in personalised therapy of asthma
https://doi.org/10.36604/1998-5029-2025-97-137-151
Abstract
This review summarises current data on the role of ectopic bitter-taste receptors (TAS2R) in the pathogenesis of asthma within a personalised-therapy framework. TAS2R expressed in airway epithelium, airway smoothmuscle cells and immunocompetent cells participate in key inflammatory pathways and regulate bronchial tone. Receptor activation induces airway smooth-muscle relaxation through signalling cascades that are independent of β2-adrenergic receptors and cAMP, maintaining efficacy when β2-agonist sensitivity is reduced. In the T2-high endotype, TAS2R suppress IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13, thereby attenuating eosinophilic inflammation and mast-cell degranulation. In non-T2 asthma, TAS2R inhibit pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-17, IL-8/CXCL8, TNF-α) and curb neutrophil and macrophage activity. Consequently, TAS2R are viewed as promising pharmacological targets, particularly for difficult-to-control asthma resistant to inhaled glucocorticosteroids. The literature already cites compounds with TAS2R-agonist activity, and the search for novel endogenous agonists is ongoing. The evidence underscores the need for further studies to clarify TAS2R molecular mechanisms, evaluate TAS2R-oriented therapy across asthma endotypes, and assess the clinical efficacy and safety of agents designed to personalise treatment based on the genetic and functional characteristics of these receptors.
Keywords
TAS2R,
asthma,
airway smooth-muscle cells,
immunomodulation,
epithelial barrier,
cytokines,
personalised therapy
Supporting agencies: This study was supported by Russian Science Foundation (project No23-15-00372)
About the Author
A. V. Konev
Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Re
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Andrey V. Konev, Postgraduate student, Junior Staff Scientist, Laboratory of Mechanisms of Virus-Associated Developmental Pathology of Respiration
22 Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000
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Konev A.V. Bitter taste receptors TAS2R as promising targets in personalised therapy of asthma. Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration. 2025;(97):137-151. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.36604/1998-5029-2025-97-137-151
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