The diagnosis of severe obstructive respiratory mechanics defects by impulse oscillometry system

Impulse oscillometry (IOS) is an innovative method of diagnosing ventilation disorders, although relatively little is known about its clinical application. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibilities of IOS in the diagnosis of the severe airway obstruction (AO). A total of 114 patients (mean age 53±19 years old, 98 (86%) male and 16 (14%) female) with various bronchopulmonary pathologies were examined. The degree of obstructive impairment was defined by FEV₁. The patients were divided into three groups: group 1 included 40 patients with severe AO; group 2 had 30 patients with moderate AO; group 3 (comparison) consisted of 44 patients who had no functional disorders of the lung function according to the spirometry, bodyplethysmography and diffusion test. The parameters of the IOS were compared with the data of spirometry, bodyplethysmography and diffusion test. The analysis of IOS data showed the presence of statistically significant differences between the groups concerning all the studied indices, the degree of deviation from the norm of which increased with the increase of obstruction. The frequency of detection of deviations from the norm of basic indicators of IOS (Rrs5 and Xrs5) in patients with moderate obstruction was 57%; in patients with severe obstruction it was 95 %. Correlation analysis showed that most of the IOS indices significantly correlated with bronchial resistance and peak expiratory flow. Thus, IOS can be used as an alternative method for assessing the ventilation function of the lungs in patients with severe obstructive disorders.

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