The role of eicosapentaenoic acid and superoxide dismutase in the development of hemic hypoxia in cytomegalovirus infection in pregnant women of the first trimester

Aim. To study the role of eicosapentaenoic acid and superoxide dismutase in the development of hemic hypoxia in first-trimester pregnant women with an exacerbation of cytomegalovirus infection (CMVI).

Materialsandmethods. A comparative analysis of data obtained during the examination of 75 pregnant women of the first trimester aged 18 to 36 years old, among whom there were 40 with exacerbation of chronic CMVI (the main group) and 35 practically healthy women with uncomplicated pregnancy (the control group). IgM and IgG antibodies to CMV, low-avidity IgG (avidity index) were determined by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. CMV DNA was detected by real-time PCR analysis. The content of eicosapentaenoic acid (in %) in the membrane of peripheral blood erythrocytes was studied by gas-liquid chromatography. The study of superoxide dismutase activity (in U/g Hb) in red blood cells was performed by spectrophotometry.

Results. The study found that the antioxidant potential of peripheral blood red blood cells was suppressed in women with exacerbation of chronic CMVI, as indicated by a decrease in the concentration of eicosapentaenoic acid by 25% (p<0.001) and the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase by 33% (p<0.001), compared with similar indicators of the control group.

Conclusion. Exacerbation of chronic CMVI in the first trimester of gestation is associated with a disturbance of the antioxidant potential of peripheral blood red blood cells, due to low levels of о низким уровнем ɷ-3 eicosapentaenoic acid and enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase. The revealed changes in eicosapentaenoic acid and superoxide dismutase levels in women with exacerbation of chronic CMVI indicate their pathogenetic role in the development of hemic hypoxia. As a result of inhibition of antioxidant protection, the interaction and content of proteins associated with the lipid bilayer is disrupted, which leads to changes in the microviscosity and deformability of red blood cell membranes, a decrease in the functional activity of red blood cells, and the development of hemic hypoxia.

1. Chandravanshi B., Bhonde R. Small molecules exert anti-apoptotic effect and reduce oxidative stress augmenting insulin secretion in stem cell engineered islets against hypoxia. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2016; 791:424-432. doi: 10.1016/j.ej-phar.2016.09.012

2. Che H., Zhou M., Zhang T., Zhang L., Ding L., Yanagita T., Xu J., Xue C., Wang Y. Comparative study of the effects of phosphatidylcholine rich in DHA and EPA on Alzheimer's disease and the possible mechanisms in CHO-APP/PS1 cells an SAMP8 mice. Food Funct. 2018; 9(1):643-654. doi: 10.1039/c7fo01342f

3. Ishutina N.A. Role of compasitional disorders in phospholipids in the pathogenesis of cytomegalovirus infection in the gestation period. Acta biomedica scientifica 2015; (3):52-55 (in Russian).

4. Lutsenko M.T., Andrievskaya I.A., Ishutina N.A. Patent 2389021 C2 RU. Method of evaluating structural and functional state of erythrocyte membranes of peripheral blood in pregnant women with exacerbation of herpesvirus infection; published 10.05.2010 (in Russian).

5. Lutsenko M.T., Andrievskaya I.A., Ishutina N.A., Mironenko A.G. Mechanisms of hypoxia development during pregnancy and the disorder of fetus blood supply at cytomegalovirus infection. Vestn. Ross. Akad. Med. Nauk 2015; 70(1):106-112 (in Russian). doi: 10.15690/vramn.v70i1.1239

6. Bakuyev M.M., Magomedov K.K., Shakhbanov R.K. The state of antioxidant systems in various pathological conditions of the body. Izvestiya Dagestanskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta. Estestvennyye i tochnyye nauki 2012; (3):62-67 (in Russian).

7. Loskutova E.V., Vorontsova I.A., Vakhitov Kh.M., Safiulin T.R. Role of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense destabilization in the pathogenesis of hypoxia in premature infants. Kazanskiy meditsinskiy zhurnal 2017; 98(5):803-808 (in Russian). doi: 10.17750/KMJ2017-803

8. Andrievskaya I.A., Ishutina N.A., Kutepova O.L. Free-radical oxidation and oxygenation of hemoglobin at exacerbation of cytomegalovirus infection in the second trimester of pregnancy. Acta biomedica scientifica 2018; 3(4):9-14 (in Russian). doi: 10/29413/ABS.2018-3.4.1

9. Carreau J.P., Dubacq J.P. Adaptation of a macro-scale method to the micro-scale for fatty acid methyl transesterification of biological lipid extracts. J. Chromatography 1978; 151(3):384—390. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)88356-9

10. Zhang W., Liu J., Hu X., Li P., Leak R.K., Gao Y., Chen J. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid reduce neonatal hypocic/is-chemic brain injury by promoting phosphatidylserine formation and akt signaling. Stroke 2015: 46(10):2943-2950. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.115.010815

11. Kim H.Y., Akbar M., Lau A., Edsall L. Inhibition of neuronal apoptosis by docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3). Role of phosphatidylserine in antiapoptotic effect. J. Biol. Chem. 2000; 275:35215-35223. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M004446200

12. Hasan A.U., Ohmori K., Konishi K., Igarashi J., Hashimoto T., Kamitori K., Yamaguchi F., Tsukamoto I., Uyama T., Ishihara Y., Noma T., Tokuda M., Kohno M. Eicosapentaenoic acid upregulates VEGF-A through both GPR120 and PPARy mediated pathways in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 2015; 406:10-18. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.02.012

13. Taneda S., Honda K., Tomidokoto K., Uto K., Nitta K., Oda H. Eicosapentaenoic acid restores diabetic tubular injury through regulation oxidative stress and mitochondrial apoptosis. Am. J. Physiol. Renal. Physiol. 2010; 299(6):1451-1461. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00637.2009