Effect of complex therapy on indicators of intracardiac hemodynamics in patients with arterial hypertension combined with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Aim. To study the effect of complex treatment of patients with arterial hypertension in combination with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including drug treatment and training programs, on the indicators of intracardiac hemodynamics.

Materials and methods. 84 patients with stage II hypertension in combination with COPD were examined. Males made up 69.5% and females 30.5%. The average age of patients was 53.9±0.49 years. All patients underwent clinical and laboratory tests, transthoracic Doppler echocardiography, ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring, and indicators of lung function were determined. The studied patients were prescribed a fixed combination of antihypertensive drugs: amlodipine 5 mg with perindopril 4 mg (Dalneva, KRKA) and COPD therapy according to GOLD (2017). Patients of the 1st group (n=45) on the background of drug treatment were trained in the school of health, patients of the 2nd group (n=39) did not attend the school of health.

Results. By the 6th month of therapy, 97.8% of patients in group 1 the target blood pressure level was achieved, in the 2nd group - in 74.4%. By the end of examination in patients of group 1, left ventricular myocardial mass index (LVMI) decreased by 10.9% (p=0.01). In group 2, on the background of drug therapy, there was a 5.9% decrease in LVMI (p=0.1), but in comparison with group 1, it was less pronounced (p=0.02). Normalization of LVMI was observed in 20.2% of patients in group 1 and 5.1% of patients in group 2, which was accompanied by an improvement in left ventricular myocardial diastolic function. An increase in the mean values of left ventricular stroke volume and left ventricular ejection fraction in group 1 (p=0.01) was registered, indicating an improvement in the systolic function of the left ventricular myocardium. By the 6th month of treatment, there was an improvement in bronchial patency, but in the 2nd group of patients, changes in spirometry indicators were statistically insignificant.

Conclusion. The use of combination therapy, including fixed combinations of antihypertensive drugs and group training programs in patients with arterial hypertension in combination with COPD, contributes to adequate blood pressure control, increases adherence to treatment, which is accompanied by an improvement in hemodynamic parameters and respiratory function. Regression of signs of left ventricular hypertrophy and improvement of its diastolic function in these patients, calls for a wide application of training programs in the treatment of comorbid patients at the early stages of the disease.

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