Epidemiological features of laryngeal cancer in the Far Eastern Federal District

Aim. A scientific assessment of the main indicators of morbidity and mortality of the population from laryngeal cancer in the Far Eastern Federal District over the past ten years (2009-2019).

Materials and methods. In the process of work, indicators of morbidity and mortality, reporting forms of statistical registration of oncological patients and regulatory documents of higher organizations, information on ten-year observations on the dynamics of changes in digital values of the investigated pathology were used.

Results. The main data on morbidity and mortality of patients with laryngeal cancer are given in the Far Eastern Federal District, where 2019 new cases of malignant neoplasms were registered in 34152, which is 8.5% more than ten years ago. There were 2171 patients with laryngeal cancer under outpatient observation, i.e. 26.5% per 100.000 population in the region. In the structure of primary morbidity and total mortality among all departments of the respiratory system, laryngeal cancer ranked second after malignant neoplasms of the trachea, bronchi and lung. During the study period, the number of patients with advanced forms of the disease increased with a simultaneous decrease in the number of patients with stages I and II of the oncological process. Over the past ten years, the incidence of disease has increased more significantly in the female population. The percentage of actively identified patients during this time increased by several orders of magnitude, with a simultaneous increase in the index of the accumulation of populations of patients with laryngeal cancer. Morphological confirmation of the diagnosis was lower than the Russian average. The proportion of patients registered for five years or more did not reach the average republican values. Lethality in the first year since the diagnosis was established was characterized by dynamically decreasing digital values, despite the increase in the number of neglected cases, which can be explained by the high level of modern methods of treatment.

Conclusion. Against the background of the increasing absolute number of patients with malignancies in the Far Eastern Federal District in 2019, there was a decrease in standardized indicators (world standard) of morbidity and mortality from laryngeal cancer in the male population, with an increase in the number of women who fell ill and died from this pathology.

1. Aghajanian N.A., Uyba V.V., Kulikova M.P., Kochetkova A.V. Аctual problems of adaptation, ecological and restorative medicine. Moscow: Medika; 2006 (in Russian).

2. Bray F., Ferlay J., Soerjomataram I., Siegel R.L., Torre L.A., Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J. Clin. 2018; 68(6):394–424. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.04.058

3. Swerdlow A.J., Harvey C.E., Milne R.L, Pottinger C.A, Vachon C.M., Wilkens L.R, Gapstur S.M., Johansson M., Weiderpass E., Winn D.M. The National Cancer Institute Cohort Consortium: An International Pooling Collaboration of 58 Cohorts from 20 Countries. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2018; 27(11):1307–1319. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI18-0182

4. International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems. 10th revision. WHO: Geneva; 2008. Available at: https://www.who.int/classifications/icd/ICD10Volume2_en_2008.pdf

5. Gordienko V.P., Vakhnenko A.A. Probable factors of social risk of oncological pathology in a separately taken region. Sibirskiy meditsinskiy zhurnal (Irkutsk) 2012; 115(8):86−89 (in Russian).

6. Gordienko V.P., Vakhnenko A.A., Sapegina O.V., Rolko E.M. Major avenues of work for improving medical care for cancer patients in the context of modern social and economic conditions in a particular region. Sotsial'nye aspekty zdorov'ya naseleniya 2014; 3:1–11 (in Russian). Available at: http://vestnik.mednet.ru/content/view/568/30/lang,ru/

7. Merabishvili V.M. The Index accuracy – the most important criterion of an objective assessment of activity of oncological service for all localizations of malignant tumors, irrespective of level of lethality of patients. Problems in Oncology 2019; 65(4):510–515 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.37469/0507-3758-2019-65-4-510-515

8. Merabishvili V.M. Cancer statistics (traditional methods, new information technologies). Part 1. St. Petersburg: Kosta; 2011 (in Russian).

9. Russia in figures 2019: short statistical collection. Moscow: Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat); 2020 (in Russian).

10. Chissov V.I., Starinsky V.V., Petrova G.V., editors. Malignant neoplasms in Russia in 2009. Moscow; 2010 (in Russian).

11. Kaprin A.D., Starinsky V.V., Shakhzadova A.O., editors. Malignant neoplasms in Russia in 2019 (morbidity and mortality). Moscow; 2020 (in Russian).

12. Chissov V.I., Starinsky V.V., Petrova G.V., editors. The state of oncologic care for the population of Russia in 2009. Moscow; 2010 (in Russian).

13. Kaprin A.D., Starinsky V.V., Shakhzadova A.O., editors. The state of oncologic care for the population of Russia in 2019. Moscow; 2020 (in Russian).

14. Balashov, Y.P., Starinskii V.V., Aleksandrova L.M. Human resources of oncological service of Russia. Evraziyskiy onkologicheskiy zhurnal 2014; 3:976 (in Russian).

15. Pletnev V.V. Identification of susceptibility to cancer and the method of its primary prevention. Moscow: Lenand; 2015 (in Russian).