HISTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CARBOHYDRATE COMPOUNDS IN THE AIRWAY OF RATS LUNGS UNDER EXPOSURE TO COLD

The aim of the research was to present the histochemical characteristic of carbohydrate compounds in the airway of rats lungs under exposure to cold. The experiment was conducted over 100 white male rats whose cooling was done in the climatic camera at the temperature -15ºС once and during 15 and 30 days for three hours daily. It was found out that during cold exposure the activity of mucin secretion by goblet cells of epithelium dramatically increases and to a lesser extent it increases by glands of trachea and bronchial tubes submocosa, which leads to the disruption of fibrillar structure of the mucus gel layer on the surface of the lungs airway. With prolonged exposure to cold a complex of specific changes of mucopolysaccharide exchange develops in lungs dominated by acidic mucopolysaccharides and glycosaminoglycans in those parts of the mucous membrane where there are changes in the structure of epithelium. This is due to the active implementation of cell elements, migrating from the connective tissue, into the structure of the basement membrane. The accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in the intercellular substance of loose connective tissue and blood vessel wall serves as an inductor providing the formation of fibrous structures. With long-term cooling, followed by an excess of connective tissue catabolism, collagen and cells destruction, their degradation products stimulate the activation of anabolic processes of all its components. Thus, prolonged exposure of lungs airway to cold results in the development of a complex of carbohydrate metabolism disorders causing prolonged inflammation in trachea and bronchi mucous tunic and leading to the development of sclerotic changes in the connective tissue.

нейтральные мукополисахариды и гликозаминогликаны, воздухоносный отдел легких, покровный эпителий и железы трахеи, холодовое воздействие, neutral mucopolysaccharides and glycosaminoglycans, lungs airway, surface epithelium and glands of trachea, cold exposure

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