The aim of the research is to study the correlation of cells of bronchial inflammation with the activity of myeloperoxidase and neutrophilic elastase in asthmatics with airway hyperresponsiveness to hyposmolar stimulus. In 54 patients with persistent asthma cytological study of induced sputum with cytochemical identification of activity of leucocytes myeloperoxidase and the quantitative identification of the contents of neutrophilic elastase, alpha-1-antitrypsin and myeloperoxidase in the blood serum was done. By the results of the response to ultrasonically nebulized distilled water inhalation the patients were divided in the groups: the one with airway hyperresponsiveness to osmotic stimulus (the 1^st group, 19 patients) and the one without any response to bronchial provocation (the 2^nd group, 35 patients). The group of control included 15 healthy people. In the sputum of the patients of both groups in comparison with the control there was an increase of leucocytes contents with the domination of neutrophils growth and high concentration of myeloperoxidase inside leucocytes in the sputum of the patients of the 1^st group. The level of neutrophilic elastase and myeloperoxidase of the blood serum decreased after distilled water inhalation: minimally in the 1^st group and significantly in the 2^nd group, which was caused by enzymes exhaustion and neutralization of their activity by inhibitors. The participation of neutrophilic leucocytes and mixed eosinophilic-neutrophilic pattern of bronchial inflammation in the formation of airway hyperresponsiveness to hyposmolar stimulus, keeping oxidative stress and persisting inflammation in the respiratory system was shown.

Obesity may have a role in the development of asthma, because it is associated with inflammatory processes, including the airway inflammation. The role of overweight in the health-related quality of life (QoL) in asthmatics has not been well described. Aim: to study the influence of obesity on QoL in asthmatics. Methods: 195 patients with mild, moderate and severe asthma were examined. All the patients had standard base therapy with inhalation corticosteroids and beta 2-agonists. The obesity rate (Quetelet index), general (SF-36) and specific (AQLQ) QoL, anxiety and depression rates by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were found. Results: Real worsening of QoL by SF-36 questionnaire in overweight patients in comparison with those who have normal body mass by the domens of PF (73.33±2.57 & 62.26±2.58 points, p<0.01), BR (74.04±3.11 & 64.31±3.21 points, p<0.05) and SF (68.55±2.94 & 60.26±2.77 points, p<0.05) was revealed. No significant difference was found out in the groups with overweight and obesity. Sharp drop of rates of general and specific QoL in the group of patients with obesity in comparison with the patients with normal body mass was revealed by domens of PF (73.33±2.57 & 59.56±3.35 points, p<0,001), BR (74.04±3.11 & 61.26±3.81 points, p<0.001) VT (60.47±2.23 & 51.87±3.12 points, p<0.05), SF-36 questionnaire and «General activity» (4.26±0.15 & 3.71±0.16 points) and «Environment» (4.94±0.19 & 3.84±0.38 points, p<0.001) of AQLQ questionnaire. Besides, in the group of patients with obesity the depression rate by HADS grew till the clinically important one (5.50±0.46 and 7.21±0.52 points, respectively). In the general group of respondents reliable correlations of body mass index with anxiety (r=0.16, p<0.05) and depression (r=0.24, p<0.001) were found out. Conclusion: Overweight and obesity lead to the decrease of physical and psychosocial components of QoL in asthmatics and have a negative influence on the rates of anxiety and depression.

With basophilic test the evaluation of spectrum and prevalence of intolerance to beta-lactam antibiotics in 48 patients with allergic asthma, non-allergic and mixed form of the disease and the assessment of its descriptiveness were done in relation to the data history and the results of the study of total and specific IgE antibodies to penicillins and cephalosporins in these patients serum by immunoassay. The analysis of the results helped to reveal a statistically significant difference in the detection of sensitization with two diagnostic methods. Thus during basophilic test with beta-lactam antibiotics 39.5% of patients were confirmed to have this group drugs intolerance, while the second method revealed this in 14.6% of the patients (p<0.01). It is shown that sensitization to these antibiotics in patients with bronchial asthma by basophilic test was significantly higher (p<0.05) than in the control group (healthy people), and significant for cephalosporins of the 2^nd generation and carbapenems. The highest percentage of marked intolerance was to cephalosporins of the 2^nd generation and carbapenems (57.9%), as well as the cephalosporins of the 1^st generation (56%). High level of total IgE (more than 100 IU/ml) was revealed in 27 (56.3%) patients and was in the range of 105.0 to 534.8 IU/ml. The increase of specific IgE to drugs allergens was in the group of patients with allergic bronchial asthma (28.6%). In the groups with mixed and non-allergic forms of the disease the formation of intolerance may have occurred mainly by non-IgE-mediated mechanisms. The level of total IgE of patients did not correlate with the level of specific IgE for drug allergens and basophilic test activity.

The effect of comprehensive rehabilitation therapy on the interferon status was studied in 57 patients with partially controlled and well-controlled asthma. The patients received base therapy: inhaled glucocorticosteroid combined with long-acting β₂-agonist. Additionally there were applied montelukast sodium (the leukotriene receptor blocker) and electrophoresis of mud extract on the chest area (10 treatment procedures). The duration of treatment was 30 days. We analyzed the levels and the ratio of basal and E. coli lipopolysaccharide-stimulated IFN-γ. Patients with asthma had a low basal IFN-γ during initial examination. Before treatment basal IFN-γ was below 4.3 pg/ml, compared with healthy volunteers which had 9.75 pg/ml. Patients receiving medical complex including electrophoresis mud squeezing, montelukast sodium and basic inhalation therapy had a basal IFN-γ 3.5 times higher compared with ones before treatment. Significant increase in stimulated IFN-γ by 49% was also observed. Ratio of basal and stimulated IFN-γ had also a statistically significant increase when compared to the values before and after treatment. It was shown that comprehensive treatment with inhalation therapy, antileukotriene therapy by montelukast sodium and pelotherapy (the electrophoresis of mud extract) is pathogenetically justified for patients with asthma. The treatment contributes to deviation of the immune response to Тh1 type and improve the functional and reserve capacities of the immune cells. The proposed comprehensive treatment helps to normalize the IFN-γ levels and enhance disease control.

4894 medical records of patients with unilateral community-acquired pneumonias were randomly selected and studied for the purpose of searching for enantiomorphous differences in unilateral community-acquired pneumonia clinical course and their probable relations with gender, age-specific and season factors. In addition to the comparative analysis of routine laboratory and clinical data, the intensity of subjective symptoms typical for respiratory diseases was examined; cytological compositions of basal tracheobronchial secretion samples and pulmonary infiltration volumes were compared. 473 cases of enantiomorphous comparison were performed. It has been determined that the enantiomorphous differences are not strongly pronounced and apply only to some compared parameters (10.4% of all cases). The revealed enantiomorphous differences have considerable gender, season and - to a lesser extent - age-specific features; they are oftener observed in summer and autumn seasons and in young patients. The enantiomorphous differences are greatly related to the laboratory data which indicate the intensity of local and system inflammatory reaction.

Energy statuses of immune cells were investigated using different method. Increasing content peripheral blood lymphocytes with reduced levels of mitochondrial membrane potential and activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenases in peripheral blood lymphocytes in children with community-acquired pneumonia were determined. Cell’s necessity of energy is not sufficient, and this condition required drug correction. By using chemiluminescent analysis biogenesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the serum of children with community-acquired pneumonia, we identified overproduction of ROS formation and systemic oxidative stress. We used metabolic energy medicine El’kar to correct energy deficit in peripheral blood lymphocytes (decreased functional activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenases), to normalize content peripheral blood lymphocytes with reduced levels of mitochondrial membrane potential and to decrease overproduction of ROS formation. Clinical symptoms of community-acquired pneumonia leave faster using El’kar.

The frequency, the features of clinical manifestations, the quality of diagnostics, the indications for hospitalization, in time hospitalization and the right choice of the place of treatment (pulmonologic in-patient hospital or intensive care unit or anesthesiology), markers of the severe course and unfavourable outcome of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in 9737 patients were studied. The analysis of the therapy adequacy from the point of following National recommendations in the treatment of CAP was done. The mistakes were revealed, the ways to improve the treatment of CAP patients were outlined. It was found out that 67.8% of patients were the patients of the working age. 8.8% of patients got into hospital in the satisfactory condition; 44.1% in the moderate condition, 46.7% were in the severe condition and 0.4% were in a very severe condition. 46.9% were hospitalized into the intensive care unit of the hospital. Those who died less than a day after getting into hospital made 34.7%. 76.9 of them were senior citizens. From those who died, 36.6% got into hospital at the 6^th day from the beginning of the disease or later (late hospitalization). 47.5% did not apply for medical aid having different reasons for that. Late diagnosis of CAP was found in 32.5%. The frequency of non-medical factors of lethal outcome risk depending and not depending on medical aid organization was found among those who had a favorable CAP outcome and those who died. The predictors of unfavourable outcome of CAP in the groups of the dead were found more oftener than in the group of patients with the favourable outcome of the disease. The risk factors of the long course of CAP in the group of recovered patients were revealed in 1/3 of the patients: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (10%), alcoholism (5%), chronic cardiac insufficiency (9%), chronic kidney disease (7%), cancer of different localization (2%), diabetes (4%), being older than 50 years old (36%). The severe CAP was in 11% of patients. The etiology of CAP was established in 50.7% of cases, S. pneumonia was identified most often. Pneumococcal bacteremia was found in 2% of patients. While treating CAP there was used the start therapy with β-lactam antibiotics in combination with macrolides and if it was not effective then the antibiotics of reserve were used. The accuracy of this approach was confirmed by the decrease of lethal outcome from CAP from 3.6 till 2.3 (р<0.05).

Purpose. Analysis of risk factors for an unfavorable progress of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations associated with paroxysmal rhythm disorders in hospitalized patients. Materials and methods. It is analyzed data of observational retrospective cohort study of 372 hospitalized patients over the age of 35 years with acute diseases of the circulatory system that did not have indications for surgical treatment. The study group included 151 patients with a concomitant exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the comparison group were included 221 patients. Results. Exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with an increased relative risk of death in patients with acute diseases of the circulatory system. The relative risk of death increases with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease combined with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation on a background of pulmonary hypertension. Age older than 60 years, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary hypertension are associated with an increased relative risk of saving cardiac arrhythmias in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.

During 2009-2014 in the department of vascular surgery of the Amur regional clinical hospital there were 5293 operation, and 187 (3.5%) of patients were operated on about floating thrombosis of different localization. The mean age of the patients was 55 years old, among them there were 101 men (54%) and 86 women (46%). The majority of patients (74.5%) were operated on during the first day of their getting into hospital. 135 patients (72%) were registered to have a subacute period of venous thrombosis. In 67 (35.7%) patients the floating thrombus was in the ileac-caval part of inferior vena cava system. The delegation of external iliac vein was done in 60 (32%) of cases, retrograde thrombectomy from the iliac segment in 1 (0.5%) patient, retrograde thrombectomy from the iliac segment with the arteriovenous fistulization in the femur area in 1 (0.5%) case, isolated delegation of general iliac vein in 5 (2.8%) patients. The superficial femoral vein was operated in 49 (25.6%) patients including isolated delegation in 39 (21%), the plication of superficial femoral vein in 7 (3.7%). In 3 (1.6% of cases) the delegation of superficial femoral vein was combined with crossectomy of great saphenous vein, in 1 (0.5%) it was with crossectomy of small saphenous vein of the opposite extremity. There were 13 (6.7%) operations on the inferior vena cava. Among them there were 9 thrombectomies from the suprarenal part of inferior vena cava, including 1 (0.5%) isolated, 1 (0.5%) in combination with thrombecotomy from the right compartments of the heart, 1 (0.5%) with embolectomy from pulmonary arteries in the conditions of temporary occlusion of vena cava and delegation of ifrarenal part of vena cava; 1 (0.5%) with the delegation of ifrarenal part of the inferior vena cava and the removal of Vena-Cava Filter; 4 (2.1%) with the delegation of infrarenal part of inferior vena cava and nephrectomy; 1 (0.5%) with alloprosthesis of suprarenal part of the inferior vena cava. Thrombectomy from the renal part and nephrectomy were done in 1 (0.5%) patient. Because of the retroperitoneal hematoma 3 (1.6%) patients were operated. 3 (1.6%) patients died because of the repeated thrombosis of inferior vena cava system and recurrent thromboembolization of pulmonary arteries. Active surgical tactics in patients with floating thrombosis of inferior vena cava system allows to save life in 98.4% cases.

The paper is devoted to the research of an atmospheric suspension of Yekaterinburg by means of methods of a laser granulometry and mass spectrometry of high resolution. It is shown that large highways and combined heat and power plant have the most expressed impact on structure of suspensions. In all points of selection particles of the sizes potentially hazardous to health of the person, less than 10 microns, have been found. Around a large highway junction there was revealed the concentration of such particles in the proportion of 43.2%, and around combined heat and power plant the proportion was 45.5%. The mass and spectrometer analysis of snow water showed average concentration of the main heavy metals (Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Ba, Pb, As).

Prolonged exposure of the human organism to ultraviolet radiation induces the development of critical condition accompanied by the exhaustion of energy and other reserves, reduction of tissue metabolism. In experimental conditions the possibility to correct free radical lipid oxidation of rats organism membranes was studied with the introduction of arabinogalaсtan. The animals were divided into 4 groups and each of them had 30 rats: intact animals which were held in standard conditions of vivarium; the control group in which rats were exposed to ultraviolet radiation during three minutes daily; the experimental group in which before ultraviolet radiation animals had a daily intake of arabinogalaсtan in a dose of 200 mg/kg; the experimental group in which before ultraviolet radiation animals had a daily intake of the arabinogalaсtan in a dose of 500 mg/kg. It was found out that in the blood of experimental animals a daily ultraviolet radiation during three minutes contributes to the increase of lipid hydroperoxides level (by 26-48%), of diene conjugate (by 29-53%), and of malonic dialdehyde (by 40-62%) against the decrease of antioxidant system activity in the blood of intact animals. The introduction of arabinogalaсtan to rats in the conditions of ultraviolet radiation contributes to the significant decrease in the blood of lipid hydroperoxides by 13-25%, of diene conjugates by 13-26%, malonic dialdehyde by 12-29% in comparison with the rats of the control group. While analyzing the effect of arabinogalaсtan on the activity of the components of antioxidant system it was shown that the level of ceruloplasmin in the blood of animals was significantly higher by 13-29%, of vitamin E by 17-26%, of catalase by 34-59% in comparison with the same parameters of the rats of the control group. So, the application of arabinogalaсtan in the conditions of ultraviolet radiation of the organism of animals under experiment leads to stabilization of the processes of peroxidation against the increase of antioxidant system activity.

Morphological and morphometric characteristics of epithelial cells of the mucous membrane of the trachea in laboratory animals exposed to experimental osmotic stress were studied. The height of the epithelial layer of intact rats under the influence of inhaled air of 100% humidity was measured. The qualitative histological and electronic microscopic studies of compensatory-adaptive reactions of epithelial cells of the mucous membrane of the trachea of rats were done. It was found out that under distilled water ultrasonic inhalation epithelial cells (ciliated and goblet) of the epithelial layer expand, which results in the increase of epithelial height and the occurrence of edema in the submucosa. There is an expansion of intercellular space of the epithelial layer of the mucous membrane of the trachea. Subsequently, mast cells penetrate into the intercellular space; it promotes the inflammation of airways.

The phenomenon of sleep apnea in infants is being studied widely at the moment. The increase of the frequency of occurrence and duration of sleep apnea in infants is associated with passive smoking during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of respiratory and non-respiratory activity of bulbospinal preparations (BSP) of brain of newborn rats undergoing prenatal passive smoking. The study was performed on BSP in the brain of newborn rats (n=107) in vitro. Modeling of passive smoking was carried out by cigarette smoke fumigated into the females of the experimental group (PS) from 1 to 20 days of gestation. In BSP of newborn rats of the PS group (n=57), the amplitude and duration of the inspiratory discharges were less than in the control group (Non-S) by 16.1% and 10.9% on average, respectively. The duration of a respiratory cycle in the BSP of PS group was 15.3% lower. There were revealed lower values of the spectral power density in the low-frequency (1-10 Hz) and mid-frequency (11-50 Hz) bands in the PS group compared to Non-S group by 16.3% and 33.4%, respectively. The frequency of low-frequency oscillations of the peak in the PS group was less than in the control group by 11.2% and of mid-peak rate by 14.3%. Other parameters of activity did not undergo any changes. In addition, the incidence of several types of electrical activity is significantly increased in the BSP of PS group. Thus, it was found out that during the period of prenatal development of respiratory neural network, long-term cyclical factors of passive smoking alter the functioning of the central mechanisms of the generation of respiratory rhythm and pattern of inspiratory in neonatal rats in vitro.

PH, the activity of lactate dehydrogenase, the concentration of mean molecular peptides and seromucoid in nasopharyngeal aspirate at moderate cerebral ischemia in 169 mature newborns from mothers with latent course and reactivation of chronic cytomegalovirus infection (CMVI) against chronic herpes virus infection during the second trimester of pregnancy were studied. The first group consisted of 30 healthy patients of 38-40 weeks from mothers with physiological course of pregnancy (control), the second - 30 newborns with ischemia of the cervical cord (the group of comparison). The third group included 32 patients with moderate cerebral ischemia from mothers with the latent course of chronic CMVI. The forth group had 48 newborns with moderate cerebral ischemia from mothers who suffered reactivation of chronic CMVI (the antibody titer of IgM to CMV was 1:200-1:400 without 4 times growth of antibodies titer of IgG to CMV 1:400-1:800). The fifth group included 47 children from mothers with reactivation of chronic CMVI (antibodies titer of IgM to CMV was 1:200-1:400, the antibody titer of IgG to CMV was 1:200-1:800), the sixth group included 42 newborns whose mothers suffered reactivation of chronic CMVI (the antibodies titer of IgM to CMI was 1:200-1:400, the antibodies titer of IgG to CMV was 1:400-1:1600 at avidity index of IgG to CMV was 56-70%). It was found out that in the patients of the sixth group in nasopharyngeal aspirate there was a decrease of рН till 6.96±0.010, the increase of concentration of mean molecular peptides till 0.682±0.013 units of optical density in comparison with the same values of children of the fifth group where they were 6.99±0.010 (р<0.05) and 0.635±0.015 units of optical density (р<0.05), respectively. These physical-biochemical changes indicate the domination of acidosis and endotoxicosis of supernatant part of the biological fluid of nasopharyngeal aspirate at moderate cerebral ischemia in newborns with antenatal anamnesis complicated with intensive humoral immune response to CMV at reactivation of infection in their mothers in the second trimester of gestation.

Clinical symptoms of mild cerebral ischemia, ultrasound composition and blood flow of the brain in 27 mature newborns with intrauterine influenza B (the first group) and in 21 (the second group) with antenatal influenza B combined with influenza A(H3N2) were studied. 30 children of 38-40 weeks from mothers with physiological course of pregnancy became the control. It was found out in the 2^nd group 17 children had hyperexcitability, 11 children had morphofunctional immaturity, 10 had respiratory distress-syndrome of a mild degree, 9 had thymomegalia; in the first group the changed data were established, they were in 7 (р_f<0.05), 3 (р_f<0.05), 2 (р_f<0.05) and in 2 (р_f<0.05) newborns, respectively. At neurosonography in 8 children of the 2^nd group, ventriculomegalia of a light degree was diagnosed in 2 children, immaturity of the brain in 10 children, the cyst of proplexus in 9; in the 1^st group such problems were identified in 1 (р_f1<0.05), 2 (р_f1<0.05) and in 2 (р_f1<0.05) patients, respectively. Newborns with cerebral ischemia conditioned by intrauterine mixedvirus infection in comparison with children of the same perinatal pathology at mono-influenza infection had the increase of the vascular resistance in the middle cerebral artery till 0.76±0.01 relative units (in the first group it was 0.70±0.02 relative units, р<0.01), which was caused by hypoxic-toxic damage of neurons, glial cells, conduction tracts and endotheliocytes of brain blood vessels.

Specific humoral immunity to viruses of the respiratory group and cytomegalia, the concentration of secretory immunoglobulin А(sIgA), interleukin-4 (IL-4), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) at chronic bronchitis in 109 women in the third trimester of pregnancy were studied. The first group included 21 patients with chronic non-obstructive bronchitis in the remission (CNB), the second group had 20 pregnant women with chronic obstructive bronchitis (COB) in the remission. The third group consisted of 36 women with the acute form of CNB, the forth group of 32 pregnant women with the acute form of COB. 30 women with physiologic course of pregnancy became the control. It was shown that at COB in the remission there were higher antibodies titers to influenza viruses A(H3N2), parainfluenza of 1^st and 3^rd types and cytomegalovirus in comparison with CNB without exacerbation at which antibodies titers to influenza B dominated. In the first and second groups there were no differences in the concentration of cytokines. In the fourth group influenza A(H3N2) (12 women), parainfluenza of the 1^st and 3^d types (9 patients) as well as reactivation of chronic cytomegalovirus infection (11 patients) were identified most often (12 women). They were quite rare in pregnant women of the third group, in 3 (р<0.05), 2 (р<0.05) and 2 (р<0.05) cases, respectively. At the exacerbation of COB there was a decrease of the concentration of the serum sIgA till 3.7±0.38 mg/l and IFN-γ till 42.7±4.22 mg/l against the increase of TNF-α concentration till 197.1±10.87 pg/ml. At the exacerbation of CNB the concentration of serum sIgA was 5.7±0.49 mg/l (р<0.01), 57.8±4.88 pg/ml (р<0.05) and 145.7±10.31 pg/ml (p<0.01), respectively. These indicate the decrease of the local specific immunity, intensive system inflammatory reaction and low antivirus protection at exacerbation of chronic inflammatory process.

The aim is to analyze the conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone in placenta at the exacerbation of cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy. 48 placentas taken at labours from women with reactivation of chronic cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy became the material. 35 placentas from mothers with chronic cytomegalovirus infection in the latent stage were included in the control group. As a result of the study it was found out that the activity of histochemical response to hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in syncytiotrophoblast of placental villi from women who suffered reactivation of cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy was lower than in placentas of the control group, which suggest there was a low intensiveness of estrogens synthesis. The quantity of estriol (199.9±6.21 nmole/l) and estradiol (18443.2±117.53 pmole/l) in placenta in these cases was significantly lower than in the control group (260.2±8.12 nmole/l and 28977.7±108.13 pmole/l, respectively).

The aim was to study the features of the phospholipids composition in relation with the change of erythrocytes membrane microviscosity in the umbilical cord blood of newborns from mothers with cytomegalovirus infection. The umbilical cord blood was investigated in 45 newborns from mothers who had an exacerbation of cytomegalovirus infection (titer of IgG antibodies to cytomegalovirus is 1:1600) at different periods of gestation (the main group). The comparison group consisted of 45 newborns from mothers with physiological pregnancy. It was concluded that if there was a cytomegalovirus infection in the mother, in the umbilical cord blood of newborns there was an activation of lipid peroxidation and changes in the contents in the membrane of red blood cells of both structural phospholipids: phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine (the reduction of concentration by 21 and 23%, respectively, p<0.001) and minor phospholipids (phosphatidylinositol concentration reduction by 25%, p<0.001). With the increasing number of end-products of lipid peroxidation and the disturbance of phospholipid composition in the membrane, microviscosity increased (p<0.001), which reduced the rate of diffusion of oxygen and worsened the oxygenation of red blood cells. At the same time, the excessive accumulation of phospholipids lysoforms (the increase of the content of lysophosphatidylcholine more than 2 times, p<0.001) leads to toxic effects on the cell, disrupting membrane transportation, modifying the activity of membrane proteins, which eventually leads to reduced stability of red blood cells to the action of lysing factors. These spectral changes in the erythrocyte membrane phospholipids help reduce the life of red blood cells and may cause hypoxia. The study of these indicators can be used in clinical practice as additional criteria for evaluating the severity of a pathological condition, as well as assessing the effectiveness of the treatment.

At the electron microscopic level it was shown that at cultivation of mold fungus Penicillium canescens in the presence of gold mining wastes, heavy metals accumulated in all the structures including the nucleus are removed. While some cells are killed by plasmolysis, others accumulate polymorphic particles mainly in the cell wall, its surface layer, cytoplasmic membrane, intercellular septum wall and conidia. It is assumed that fragments of cells loaded with heavy metals are able to overcome a water filtration system in the water treatment process and with tap drinking water they enter the body.

The research shows that meadow plant populations are formed within 15 years on the set-aside lands which have not been effected by conflagrations. These plant populations are remarkably represented by species compositions of herbaceous plants, many of which are of a big interest as bio resources used for producing pharmaceutical drugs. Some of the plants found on the set-aside lands are listed in the officinal registry, while others are used in the traditional and scientific Chinese medicine.

Since the cloning of interleukin-15, a number of clinical studies on molecular structure of this cytokine has been done. An important feature of interleukin-15 is its structural and functional similarity with interleukin-2, but the specificity of interleukin-15 is provided with its own unique receptor α-chain. The review presents recent data on the molecular structure, mechanism of action and biological effects of interleukin-15, the role of this cytokine in the development of the disease and its potential clinical significance as a therapeutic agent.

The past decade has accumulated a lot of research to assess the structure and function of airway mucociliary system. Especially a lot of information has appeared concerning the structure of the ciliary epithelium and the reasons for its motor function. New methods of electron microscopy (confocal microscopy) allowed us to study the fine structure of cilia and the mechanism generating the movement of the cilia microtubules in relation to each other. There are new terms to the lexicon of cytology such as «wet proteins». The fine structure of these formations and a mechanism that allows them to work, using the energy of ATP was studied. This review presents some data concerning not only the structure of the cilia, but their function depending on the friendly working secretory apparatus of the bronchi, especially against the backdrop of severe lung diseases such as bronchial asthma. The material is not intended for the final and complete coverage of the issue in the area of the functioning of the mucociliary system. Accumulated data will continue to cover the details of morphological and functional features of motor work not only in the airways, but also in the cells of various organs of the animal organism.

Motivation is one of the most difficult problems of psychology. Up until now there have not been any unified views about this problem; motivation has not been studied enough, which in its turn hampers the solution of other theoretical and practical problems. The article gives a brief review of historical and modern approaches in the study of the motivation sphere of a man. An important role of a doctor and a nurse in the formation of the motivation of a patient was shown, as well as the necessity to establish subject-subject relations between the patient and the medical worker. The factors decreasing the motivation to treatment and as a result worsening therapeutic effect, the increase of probability of the main disease complications development, the decrease of the quality of life of patients and high costs of treatment were studied. The attempts to study the motivation to treatment in patients with different somatic diseases were described.