Climatic features of Primorsky Krai at the increasing level of air pollution conditioned by fast-growing number of cars have led to the growth of respiratory diseases prevalence lately. The ecogenous risk of respiratory diseases prevalence in Primorsky Krai was studied on the basis of complex research of multi-factor natural and man-made environment influence on man’s health depending on the age category of population. The study of aged ecogenous risk was of a stage character: at the first stage the level of regional ecogenia with distinguishing of priority modules of factor influence was identified; at the second stage individual specifics of the most important modules effect was studied; at the third stage total outside load was found. Regional level of ecogenia allowed to estimate the degree of territorial difference in respiratory diseases prevalence in different age groups of the population. It was found out that climate and man-made environment has the main pathogenic effect on all groups of population; the climate actively influences children of less than one year old (52%), man-made pollution affects children older than one year (58%). Individual specifics of outside load was found by the difference degree in the respiratory diseases prevalence within biozones. The analysis of regressive dependences showed the increase of climate negative influence activity on respiratory system depending on territorial remoteness from the sea and population age. The man-made air pollution influence was almost of the same level within all the biozones. The calculation of the quantity of climate-man-made loads on respiratory system allowed to estimate the total load which forms the level of morbidity. As a result children turned out to be very vulnerable to climate loads whereas adults are quite adapted to Far-Eastern climate. The quantity of man-made loads depended only on the pollution degree, the loads in age groups did not change, which tells about air pollution negative influence on the whole population of the region.

At present the methods of the integral evaluation of the geoecological state of underground waters considering a complex of factors are being improved. Among these factors the evaluation of drinking-water quality is the most important. The quality issue is urgent for the Amur Region. The research is conducted by multi-factor analysis with the consideration of natural conditions of the region, current normative indices and the evaluation of water safety for drinking. It is demonstrated that the chemical composition of underground waters and hydrochemical zoning are the reflection of geological-structural and geodynamic features of the region. Basing on the studies of macro and micro element composition of drinking-waters within the most economically developed areas of the Amur Region we identified the natural geochemical background and singled out the areas and settlements with high concentration of contaminating elements as well as the zones of higher risk for human health. The main natural chemical contaminants of drinking-water affecting the health of the population were identified. It was found out that for the last 15 years the level of the morbidity among adults of Tambovka area, which is known to have high concentrations of some elements, has been 1.5 times higher than the regional one. The analysis of the morbidity by ICD-10 classes revealed statistically reliable differences (at р<0.05) which exceed the limits of standard deviations from the average level of the regional rural population morbidity. So, the level of morbidity in Tambovka area exceeds the regional one by 85% in blood diseases, by 82.6% in infectious and parasitic diseases, by 81% in endocrine diseases, by 82% in congenital anomalies, by 70.7% in musculoskeletal system and connective tissue diseases, by 70.2% in nervous system diseases, by 65% in digestive apparatus diseases, by 54% in the blood circulation system diseases, by 50% in tumor, by 43.5% in dermic and hypodermic tissue diseases.

The aim of the research was to study pro- and antioxidant activity of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in 47 patients with the mixed form of bronchial asthma (allergic and infection-dependent) from different regions of Russia (Western Siberia, the Far East and Yakutia) to clarify the features of the disease clinical course development depending on the place of living. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was obtained while doing medical and diagnostic bronchoscopy. The pro-oxidant activity of lavage fluid was estimated with biochemiluminescent method, the total antioxidant activity was found with biochemiluminescent method according to the intensively and 3% hydrogen peroxide splitting rate, the coefficient of the ratio «oxidant-antioxidant» was calculated. The results of the research showed that patients with bronchial asthma living in Western Siberia, the Far East and Yakutia have the development of oxidative stress in situ which dominates among the citizens of Yakutia. With asthma getting more severe there is a shift of the balance of pro-oxidant/antioxidant activity of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid towards the oxidant system, which proves the intensification of the oxidative stress. The study of the balance in the system «oxidants-antioxidants» in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with bronchial asthma allows to estimate the inflammation objectively straight in the nidus of the pathologic process. This gives an opportunity not only to understand the mechanisms of the disease development but also to give a pathogenetic justification of the treatment of this category of patients.

The aim of the study is to research the interrelation of clinical and functional indices, systemic inflammation in the development of arterial rigidity in the patients with bronchial asthma. We examined 220 patients, among them 106 patients with moderate bronchial asthma and 61 persons with severe bronchial asthma and 53 patients with steroid-dependent bronchial asthma. The control group consisted of 40 healthy volunteers. We studied the parameters of lung function, arterial rigidity, and also the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, sCD31, C-reactive protein in blood plasma in patients with bronchial asthma in the period of exacerbation and in 12 months (out of exacerbation). The growth of IL-6 and TNF-α levels was revealed in patients in the period of exacerbation in comparison with the control (р<0.05), which proved the existence of the systemic inflammatory response. IL-6 is the most informative parameter that reflects the stage of the disease in the patients with bronchial asthma of moderate or severe clinical course. The increase of sCD31 levels in blood plasma of patients of all groups was found out. It suggests the endothelial cells damage. In patients with bronchial asthma there is the growth of aorta rigidity revealed through the increase of a pulse wave rate in the aorta and augmentation index; it aggravates along with the severity of bronchial asthma. The age and disease prescription are the most important factors that influence the change of a pulse wave rate in the aorta and of augmentation index.

The expression level of endocannabinoid CB₂ receptor at mononuclear leukocytes of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with various degrees of severity was studied. 65 patients were examined including 37 people with COPD of I-II stages in remission and 28 healthy volunteers. The blood serum was studied to estimate the level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), its receptor (s-TNFa RI (p55)), interleukin-8 (IL-8), basic growth factor of fibroblasts (bFGF) and transforming growth factor β1 (TFGβ1). CB₂ receptor expression was studied at mononuclear leukocytes by flow cytofluorometry. It is shown that with the worsening of the disease (COPD II stage) the imbalance of cytokine production towards the growth of TNF-α, bFGF, TGF-β and reduction of IL-8 increases, which indicates the presence of a systemic inflammatory response and deregulation of signaling mechanisms of the immune response. The study of the expression level of CB₂ receptor in patients with COPD of I stage revealed a slight decrease in the number of immune cells expressing CB₂ receptor. In patients with COPD of II stage the number of mononuclear leukocytes expressing CB₂ receptor decreased 2.3 times in comparison with healthy patients. Thus, the cellular and molecular mechanism of chronic inflammation at COPD is associated with the violation of the CB₂ receptor expression. The less CB₂ receptor is expressed, the more the impaired regulation of the immune response is, which indicates the reciprocal nature of the integration of the immune system and endocannabinoid system.

The aim of the research is to study the effectiveness of the influence of telmisartan angiotensin II receptor antagonist on the state of pulmonary-heart and cerebral hemodynamics in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), complicated with chronic cor pulmonale (CCP). Telmisartan (Мicardis^®, Boehringer Ingelheim, Germany) in the doze of 40 mg/day was added into the complex therapy of 30 patients with COPD at different stages of CCP formation for the correction of pulmonary-heart and cerebral hemodynamics. After 6-month prospective study it was found out that the use of telmisartan in the treatment of COPD patients leads to the decrease of pressure in the pulmonary artery, lowering of volume parameters of the right ventricle and the increase of the ejection fraction of the right ventricle. In the first group the most obvious effect was observed in 6 months of treatment. The patients of this group were registered to have the normalization of systolic pressure in the pulmonary artery in comparison with the initial values, the decrease of end-diastolic (p=0.001) and end-systolic (p=0.001) volumes of the right ventricle, the increase of the ejection fraction of the right ventricle (p=0.02). The patients of the second group due to the treatment with telmisartan had pulmonary-heart hemodynamics parameters improvement characterized by the drop of systolic pressure in the pulmonary artery (p=0.05), the decrease of end-diastolic ((p=0.02) and end-systolic (p=0.02) volumes of the right ventricle, the increase of the ejection fraction of the right ventricle in comparison with the initial values. At the same time the patients of this group did not have the normalization of these parameters by the 6^th month of telmisartan therapy. The positive influence on the state of main head arteries in COPD patients was concomitant with the decrease of vascular remodeling processes, the increase of the linear blood flow velocity at extra- and intracranial levels. A more obvious clinical effect was achieved at the use of temisartan in the complex therapy of COPD patients at the stage of compensated CCP.

The aim of the research is to develop a new method of quantitative assessment of lung ventilation function disturbances based on the analysis of 3D modeling of multidetector computed tomography results. The work deals with 3D volumetry, which is the new method of X-ray diagnostics of lung ventilation function disturbances. The methodology of conducting the diagnostics, the possibilities of its practical application to some diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchial asthma, anomalies of lungs development and tuberculosis) at the example of specific researches are presented in the article. It is shown that the method of 3D volumetry based on the multidetector computed tomography has indisputable advantages not only in comparison with other methods of X-ray diagnostics but also with functional methods of research commonly accepted in diagnostics of lung ventilation function disturbances. This method has a bigger potential than traditional computed tomography and opens new possibilities of 3D modeling of multidetector computed tomography. Thus, for example, volumetry allows to make a quick assessment of the degree of lung ventilation function disturbances not only visually, but also quantitatively; the construction of 3D models gives an unquestionable advantage in comparison with traditional images at standard multidetector computed tomography. Due to 3D volumetry it has become possible to assess the function of each lung separately and if necessary the function of a separate part of the lung affected by the pathological process whether it is air cavity or a limited part of hyperinflation at the defects of lung development. The identification of pathological zones of hyperinflation in lungs can become the means of prediction of development and of clinical course of the pathological process, inflammation, and addition of the infection.

To develop and ground the method of predicting of polypous rhinosinusitis development, 75 patients with bronchial asthma in combination with polypous rhinosinusitis (the polypous tissue was first revealed at rhinoscopic research) and 28 patients with bronchial asthma and without polypous rhinosinusitis were examined. The results of the examination were compared with the group of 26 healthy people. Spirography, cold bronchoprovocation test with cold air isocapnic hyperventilation (CAIH), pneumothermometry were performed in all the patients. The method of predicting of polypous rhinosinusitis development in patients with bronchial asthma consists in the following: in 1 minute after CAIH the fall of the forced expiratory volume for the first second (∆FEV₁) was studied in comparison with its level taken before the test, the final temperature of the expired air was taken immediately after CAIH (Т°final). The patients with bronchial asthma without concomitant polypous rhinosinusitis and the patients of the control group did not have the dependence between Т°final and ∆FEV₁. The group of patients with polypous rhinosinusitis had a direct correlation between Т°final and the fall of ∆FEV₁ after bronchoprovocation (r=0.61, р<0.01), suggested the significant role of conditioning air disturbances in the formation of cold airway hyperresponsiveness in the patients with bronchial asthma and concomitant polypous rhinosinusitis. The prediction was done with the help of discriminant equation: D=2.73 ´ ∆FEV₁(%)+0.39 ´ Т °final(º С ), where D is a discriminant function with the boundary value equal to -54.02. If D was less than the boundary value, the development of polypous rhinosinusitis in patients with bronchial asthma was predicted. If D was equal or more than the boundary value the absence of polypous rhinosinusitis development in patients with bronchial asthma was predicted. The probability of the right prediction was 99.98%. This method allows to predict the development of polypous rhinosinusitis in patients with bronchial asthma at early stages.

The study of endobronchial microhemocirculation in 30 patients with polycythemia vera without concomitant bronchopulmonary diseases was done. At the moment of examination IIA stage of polycythemia vera (without spleen myeloid metaplasia) was diagnosed in 18 patients, IIB stage of the disease (with spleen myeloid metaplasia) was diagnosed in 12 patients. All the patients had the bronchoscopy with endobronchial laser Doppler flowmetry; the biopsy of the right proximal bronchus mucous tunic was done to 12 patients. As a result of histological study of biopsy material, the overflow of vessels with blood and their widening, dystrophic changes of vessels walls, perivascular sclerosis, erythrocytic stases in the vessels of a small size, thrombocytes aggregates inside the vessels, agglomerates from erythrocytes and thrombocytes in arteriols and capillaries without a fibrin clot were diagnosed in all the patients. Sludge-syndrome (small vessels occlusion) was significantly more typical for the patients with IIB stage of the disease. All the rest 30 patients were found to have low parameters of endobronchial microhemocirculation at laser Doppler flowmetry. Thus, in the patients with polycythemia vera at the stage of intensive clinical and hematologic manifestations there was a disturbance of endobronchial microhemocirculation, and the most significant changes of microciculatory blood flow were diagnosed in the patients in IIB stage. Sludge-syndrome plays the most important role in the disturbance of microhemocirculation at polycythemia vera. It develops as a result of intensive polycythemia and thrombocytosis which contribute to the formation of erythrocyte and thrombocyte stases. After treatment and normalization of erythrocytes parameters, hemoglobin, hematocrit in the peripheral blood, the parameters of endobronchial microhemocirculation improve but do not normalize fully as a result of polyetiology of the disturbances of microcirculatory channel functioning. Revealed changes lead to the development of tissue hypoxia, exchange acidosis, atrophic changes of bronchi mucous tunic and respiratory tract intercurrent infections.

The aim of the work is to find out the activity of glycosyltransferase in the syncytiotrophoblast of placenta villi of parturient women who suffered the exacerbation of cytomegalovirus infection during the third trimester of gestation. 25 placentas of parturient women at the age of 18-25 with chronic cytomegalovirus infection in exacerbation (the main group) and 20 placentas from pregnant women without the above-mentioned pathology (the control group) were examined. The chronic cytomegalovirus infection exacerbation was diagnosed at the presence of IgM antibodies or 4-times and more growth of IgG antibodies titer in the paired serums within the dynamics of 10 days, at the presence of avidity index more than 50% as well as of cytomegalovirus DNA detection. Glycosyltransferase which contributes to the transference of glycosyl groups from uridinediphosphateglucose was found with the histochemical method in the syncytiotrophoblast by T.Takeuchi and G.G.Glenner. UDP-glycosodehydrogenase was found by Z.Lojda method. The estimation of enzymes activity was done by computer cytophotometry. It was found out that the exacerbation of cytomegalovirus infection with antibody titer 1:800 leads to glycosyltransferase oppression in the syncytiotrophoblast of placenta villi, which is proved by three times drop of cytophotometric parameter in the main group in comparison with the control one. There is also a suppression of uridinediphosphatedehydrogenase activity that participates in the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans of the maternal part of placenta (1.6 times drop of cytophotometric parameter in the main group in comparison with the control one), and hence there is the decrease of heparin content which maintains anticoagulation effect in the lacunar blood during pregnancy.

The work deals with theoretical conceptions about fat acids transportation as well as personal investigation data. The character of fat acids transportation was studied with the help of lipid- transfer proteins H-FABR in the syncytiotrophoblast of placenta villi at the exacerbation of cytomegalovirus infection in the third trimester of pregnancy. 25 pregnant women in the third trimester of gestation with the exacerbation of cytomegalovirus infection at the growth of antibodies titer of G 1:800 class (the main group) and 20 women who were not sick for the whole period of gestation (the control group) were examined. Antibodies titer of M and G class to cytomegalovirus and avidity index were found by immune-enzyme method; the measurement of lipid-transfer protein content was done at spectrophotometer. The histochemical reaction to find out the activity of peroxidation in the syncytiotrophoblast and umbilical cord blood vessels endothelium was done by Winkler-Schulz method. The quantitative estimation of peroxides was conducted with the computer cytophotometry method. It was found out that at the exacerbation of cytomegalovirus infection in pregnant women in the third trimester of gestation there is a decrease of lipid-transfer proteins into syncytiotrophoblast of placenta villi. There is also a selective transportation of fat acids through inner membrane of syncytiotrophoblast into the fetus umbilical blood. At the exacerbation of cytomegalovirus infection in pregnant women there is a drop of anti-inflammatory fat acids of ω-3 family and vice versa there is an increase of anti-inflammatory acids of ω-6 family and arachidonic acid.

The aim of the research is to identify the changes in placenta at the activation of cytomegalovirus infection in women at early stages of gestation. We have studied the features of morphofunctional state of placenta in comparison with α-fetoprotein in 20 women with the active form of chronic cytomegalovirus infection (confirmed by the presence of IgM in the blood serum or four times and more IgG antibodies titer growth in paired serums in dynamics in 10 days and by the presence of avidity index of more than 65%) who had a medical abortion at 8-10 weeks of pregnancy. The control group included 16 practically healthy seronegative to cytomegalovirus women at the same period of gestation. The histological research of placentas allowed to identify the disturbances of cytotrophoblastic elements transformation into syncytiotrophoblast, the delay of mesenchyme differentiation towards the formation of blood vessels endothelium, dystrophic changes of chorion structure (fibrosis, villi stroma necrosis). There were also degenerative changes in the maternal part of placenta conditioned by epithelium desquamation and subepithelial layer necrosis. Spiral arteries in most cases were spasmed. The suppression of α-fetoprotein production is a very important cause of identified gestation disturbances of trophoblast structures and endometrium differentiation at reactivation of cytomegalovirus infection. This is proved by its low level in the blood of women aborted at 8-10 weeks of gestation in comparison with the parameters in the control group (8.0±0.6 and 15.2±1.2 МЕ/ml, respectively, р<0.001). The obtained results prove the significant role of cytomegalovirus infection in the formation of dystrophic changes of chorion villi, insufficiency of uterine blood flow and the threat of abortion at early stages of gestation.

To study the changes in the blood flow and chorion echostructure at cytomegalovirus infection in women in the I trimester of pregnancy there were examined 150 pregnant women with latent course and activation of chronic cytomegalovirus infection against latent chronic herpetic infection (virus of the simple herpes of I type) (the main group) and 48 women with physiologic course of pregnancy who under immune-enzyme analysis did not have specific IgG и IgМ to cytomegalovirus (the control group). It was found out that the women with activation of chronic cytomegalovirus infection which was confirmed by detection of specific IgM to cytomegalovirus and of titer of specific IgG to cytomegalovirus infection (1:400-1:600) in comparison with the control group had an increase of the vessel resistance in the uterine arteries as well as of the frequency of detection of uterus hypertonus, the thickening, the thinning and low localization of chorion, retroplacental hematoma, deformation of fetal ovum and dead pregnancy. The patients with activation of chronic cytomegalovirus infection (the presence of IgM to cytomegalovirus and 4 times growth of IgG to cytomegalovirus 1:200-1:800) in comparison with the women with activation of chronic cytomegalovirus infection (the presence of IgM at the absence of 4 times growth of IgG to cytomegalovirus) have higher parameters of systole-diastolic correlation in the right and left uterine arteries as well as more frequent chorion thinning and dead pregnancy.

The aim of the research is to study the role of chronic cytomegalovirus and chronic herpesvirus infections in the formation of placental insufficiency in pregnant women. 116 pregnant women with exacerbation of chronic cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus infection (the main group) and 40 women without exacerbation (the control group) were examined. This paper presents the data about the course of pregnancy, complications, changes in ultrasound pictures, hormones at acute cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus infection. The study found that in the main group there was an increase of 50% frequency of threatening spontaneous abortion, premature births; 30% of pregnant women with exacerbation of chronic cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus infection had acute infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract. At exacerbations of cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus infection during pregnancy in the venous blood serum there was 1.5 times reduction of β-hCG, 1.8 times reduction of progesterone in comparison with the control group, which is the marker of primary placental insufficiency. The decrease of estriol level by more than 50% and of hCG (1.2 times) illustrates the development of chronic placental insufficiency, the risk of fetal malnutrition and hypoxia. The ultrasound examination of pregnant women of the main group showed the signs of intrauterine infection of the fetus (ventriculomegaly, increased trabecularventricles, the presence of inclusions in the atrial septum, the change in the quantity of amniotic fluid). Sonographic signs of primary placental insufficiency have been found in 22% of cases and of chronic placental insufficiency in 30% of pregnant women in the main group.

The aim of the research is to study the changes of the chest structure at congenital pneumothorax in newborn from mothers with respiratory diseases in the second trimester of pregnancy. In roentgenograms in the frontal projection there were found relative numbers of right and left parts of the chest as well as of the spine in 25 healthy full-term newborn children and in 17 babies of perinatal age with congenial closed partial pneumothorax born from mothers who suffered acute bronchitis or the exacerbation of chronic non-obstructive bronchitis in the second trimester of pregnancy. It was found out that healthy newborn children predominantly have a cone-shaped chest with symmetrical ribs and stable parameters of the width ratio of the 3^rd and 8^th intercostal spaces and also the ratio of the body height of the 3^rd thoracic vertebra to the body height of the 8^th vertebra. At congenial closed partial pneumothorax with the displacement of mediastinum organs into the left there was registered the chest asymmetry, which is revealed through the decrease of the distance ratio between the most prominent 2^nd vertebra to the distance between the most prominent 10^th vertebra by 17% (p<0.05), and the width ratio of the right 3^rd intercostal space to the left one by 19.5 %. At the same time the width ratio of the right 8^th intercostal space to the width of the left one grows by 18.2% (p<0.001), and the body height ratio of the 3^rd chest vertebra to the body height of the 8^th vertebra increases by 27.9% (p<0.001). The indicated changes of the chest structure may have a negative influence on the formation of lung function in the newborn.

The pregnancy in women with hypothalamus dysfunction is concomitant with the multiple increase of the risk of placental insufficiency development and early pregnancy failure. The aim of the research is the study of chorion morphological changes in women with hypothalamus dysfunction depending on the fact whether there was the correction of hypothalamus dysfunction before pregnancy or not. The main group included 90 pregnant women who had the treatment of this pathology before pregnancy; the group of comparison consisted of 115 pregnant women with hypothalamus dysfunction who did not have such a therapy (they were included into research in the first trimester), and the control group had 50 practically healthy women. Two pregnant women from the main group were aborted by their own wish at 7-8 weeks of gestation, there were 10 such-like patients in the control group and 12 women from the group of comparison had a spontaneous abortion at 7-9 weeks of pregnancy. In all cases the morphological study of chorion was done with electronic-microscopic and histological methods. As a result of morphological study of the women from the main group after treatment the changes of chorion were found in the form of insufficiency of adaptive and compensatory processes revealed at the level of the blood channel of terminal and interim villi through dystrophic changes of syncytiotrophoblast elements of villi stroma. The mentioned morphological changes contributed to the disturbance of diffuse and synthetic function of placenta and to the development of initial placental insufficiency in 23.9% of women examined in the main group, which proves the fact that despite pregravidar preparation there are villous chorion changes in women with hypothalamus dysfunction. The treatment of hypothalamus dysfunction before pregnancy allows to lower the frequency of pregnancy complications almost twice as much but it does not exclude them completely. 10.4% of women with hypothalamus dysfunction who did not have the correction of this pathology had a spontaneous abortion. It was conditioned by intensive dystrophic changes of cell elements of trophoblast (syncytiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast, fibrose stroma), microcirculatory channel, which dominated over compensatory and adaptive processes.

The purpose of the research is to study the state of haemostasis system in girls-teenagers with ovarian apoplexy. 90 girls-teenagers with ovarian apoplexy were examined. Depending on age differences of the etiologic factor in the development of ovarian apoplexy and the course of the disease all girls-teenagers were divided into 3 groups: 25 at the age of 13-15 years (1-st group), 40 at the age of 16-17 years (2-nd group) and 25 with a relapse of the disease at the age of 13-16 years (3-rd group). The control group included 20 girls-teenagers without gynecologic diseases (4-th group). The clinical data, indices of hemogram and coagulation system of hemostasis during the disease and recovery are presented in the research. As a result of the study it was found out that in the girls-teenagers of the 2-nd and the 3-d groups the frequency of inflammatory diseases of genitals was 70 and 50%, respectively, which is much oftener than in the 1-st group (8.8%). The hemorrhagic form of ovarian apoplexy was in 10% of cases of the 2-nd group. In the hemogram of girls-teenagers of this group the quantity of thrombocytes decreased in comparison with the control (236.1±16.2 and 261.8±20.7×10³/mm³, respectively, р<0.05), the absolute quantity of monocytes during the disease was higher (from 0.53 till 0.57 ×10⁶) than in the control group (0.35×10⁶; р<0.001), during the recovery their quantity decreased up to control indices (from 0.33 till 0.46×10⁶; р<0.05). In the coagulation system of hemostasis at ovarian apoplexy the tendency to hypercoagulation mostly shown in the relapse of the disease was revealed, which in the combination with local hemostasis influences the decrease of ovarian apoplexy hemorrhagic form frequency.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a disease with a constantly progressive clinical course. Infection and neutrophilic airways inflammation caused by it is one of the pathogenetic moments of the disease progressive worsening. This neutrophilic airways inflammation is typical at the earliest stages of the disease and its intensity increases altogether with the progressive worsening of COPD. The severity of the disease and the use of antibacterial medicines for treatment lead to the disturbance of cell and humoral immunity and microbiocoenosis in the intestines. But the question about the correlation between COPD and the disturbance of intestines microflora at disbacteriosis is still studied not enough. These diseases are not connected pathogenetically, but the intensine is the biggest ummune organ, so its role in the development of immunologic shifts at COPD is obvious. Intensine disbacteriosis is always concomitant with the formation of the secondary immune deficiency. This leads to a more severe and prolonged course of COPD. High effectiveness of probiotics (medications which contain live strains of normal intensine microflora) at intestines disturbances, caused by antibiotics intake and their positive influence on intestines microflora and the natural organism protection from infections are known. This work presents modern conceptions about intestines microflora influence on COPD course and the state of the immune status in patients with this disease. The possibility of probiotics intake for normalization of the content and function of intestines microflora in the correction of immune disturbances at the treatment of COPD patients is studied.

A brief review of literature shows the results of researches done by many authors to prove the constant existence of microorganisms, in particular, L-forms bacteria in plasma and blood cell counts in healthy people by cultural, biochemical, immuno-histochemical, molecular-genetic and electronic microscopic methods. It seems that the controversy over the «sterility» or «non-sterile» of the blood is caused by different understanding of «health» («norm») for each individual. The individual himself does not always feel the threat to his immune system: developing symptoms of a disease, the nidus of latent infection and pathogenic changes which substantially do not affect the health and working performance, etc. For these reasons the hidden asymptomatic bacteremiais reveled in these «healthy people».